Topic proposition: A sequela of the rapid development of science and technology in the world is the generation of a large number of electronic wastes. With the rapid development of high technology, the cycle of upgrading electronic products is getting shorter and shorter. At present, the global annual e-waste is increasing at the rate of 18%. E-waste is becoming the biggest pollution source of human beings, because electronic components contain hundreds of highly harmful chemicals, such as lead, chromium and cadmium. Therefore, developed countries regard how to deal with e-waste as a thorny issue. They are not only unwilling to accept and dispose of e-waste, but also constantly dump e-waste into other countries, even threatening that China is the most ideal dumping place for e-waste in the world. So we decided to study the harm of electronic waste and its situation in China.
Purpose and significance of the project: to better understand the harm of e-waste and the way of handling e-waste in China, so as to appeal to people around us to start from small things and reduce the phenomenon of throwing away e-waste such as batteries at will, so as to make our environment better and make people more harmonious with nature.
Research stage:
1. Rapid growth of e-waste: According to statistics, the growth rate of e-waste is three times faster than that of domestic waste. These electronic wastes include: household appliances, IT equipment, communication equipment, TV and audio equipment, lighting equipment, monitoring equipment, electronic toys and power tools. At present, EU countries produce16kg of e-waste per person per year. In Finland with a population of only 5.2 million, the annual output of e-waste reaches 654.38+10,000 tons, and the per capita consumption exceeds 654.38+09 kg.
Second, the harm of electronic waste: According to the statistics of Electronic Industry Association, almost all electronic products contain very high lead content. According to SVTC statistics, among the 310.5 million computers scrapped before the end of 2004, the weight of lead was as high as10.20 billion pounds, that of cadmium was 2 million pounds, that of mercury was 400,000 pounds, and that of hexavalent chromium was10.2 million pounds. Plastic parts used in electronic equipment can also cause harm, because plastics may contain polyvinyl chloride, which will produce dioxins (dio_in) when burned. In addition, many plastic parts and some circuit boards contain brominated flame retardants (bfr), some of which are suspected to interfere with the endocrine function of human body and form bioaccumulation in animals and fish. A study published by Chemosphere magazine in February, 2002 found that the contents of brominated flame retardants in seal oil of spotted seals in California Bay and breast milk of nursing mothers were very high.
3. Developed countries dump a lot of electronic waste into developing countries. Agence France-Presse said that China is becoming the most important dumping ground for electronic waste in the world. Greenpeace also warned that China is facing the risk of becoming a global high-tech garbage dump.
E-waste is mainly produced in developed countries, but developed countries are well aware of the great harm of e-waste and are unwilling to bear this long-term impact, so they try their best to dump e-waste and even give subsidies, which can not only alleviate the pressure brought by e-waste in their own countries, but also bring profits. So some developed countries and enterprises transfer e-waste to developing countries and regions with low environmental protection standards, and China is one of the hardest hit areas.
4. An example of China becoming an electronic waste factory: Associated Press reporter visited the electronic waste recycling yard in Guiyu Town, Guangdong Province. It is said that Guiyu Town is one of the largest electronic waste recycling sites in the world. The Associated Press reporter described such a scene for the outside world: the air is filled with the smell of acid, gas stoves are placed in front of local households, wires are melted to obtain copper, and computer motherboards are boiled to extract gold. Migrant workers wear dirty clothes, break TV picture tubes by hand and recycle glass, electronic parts and lead. Containers full of computer parts, old game machines, computer screens and mobile phones, from the oldest to the latest, are piled up in the street, waiting to be sorted and melted. Valuable metals such as copper, gold and silver are prepared by pickling and refining.
Incineration decomposition, stainless steel cutting, plastic rounding. In order to disperse the toxic gas, the chimney of the gas stove is several stories high. Despite this, the Associated Press reporter soon felt a headache and had a metallic taste in his mouth. Groundwater has long been polluted to be undrinkable. The lead content of river water is twice the European safety standard. But apart from drinking water transported by truck, health seems to be greatly neglected. Fish are still kept in the pond, and piles of ashes and waste plastics are piled up beside the rice fields and dams. Electronic waste treatment in developed countries or regions: electronic waste treatment in developed countries or regions.
1, landfill:
According to the estimation of the US Environmental Protection Agency, in 2000 alone, more than 4.6 million tons of electronic waste in the United States was finally sent to landfills. Toxic chemicals in e-waste will seep into the soil or be released into the atmosphere, thus affecting nearby communities and the environment. Many European countries have laws prohibiting the dumping of electronic waste in landfills to avoid harmful substances endangering the environment. However, many countries still turn a blind eye to this phenomenon. For example, in Hong Kong, it is estimated that 65,438+00-20% of used computers are discarded in landfills.
2. Incinerator:
The burning of electronic products will release a lot of heavy metals such as lead, cadmium and mercury into the air and ashes. Mercury released from the air will accumulate in the biological chain, especially fish, which is the most important way to be introduced into the human body. If e-waste contains PVC plastics, dioxins and furans will also be released. When burning electronic waste, brominated flame retardants will produce brominated dioxins and furans.
3. Recycling:
Recycling e-waste is a good way to prolong the product life, and a large amount of e-waste is transported to developing countries. Although the benefits of recycling e-waste are obvious, it actually causes many serious problems. A large amount of electronic waste is used for a short time, and then discarded in places where there are no measures to deal with harmful substances.
4. Recycling:
Although recycling e-waste is a good way to recycle raw materials in products, harmful substances in e-waste will endanger workers working in recycling yards and their surrounding communities and environment. In developed countries, the recycling of electrical appliances is carried out in special recycling plants, and there are corresponding regulatory measures. Take EU member states as an example, the plastics contained in e-waste will not be recycled, so as to avoid dioxin and furan being released into the atmosphere. However, in developing countries, without such monitoring measures, the process of recycling e-waste is usually done manually.
6. E-waste can also turn waste into treasure: in fact, e-waste contains a lot of recyclable non-ferrous metals, ferrous metals, glass and other substances. Strictly speaking. These electronic wastes should not be called electronic wastes, but electronic second-hand goods. The results show that 286lb of copper, 1 1b of gold and 44 1b of tin can be separated from the electronic boards randomly collected by 1t, and the value of llb gold alone is 6000 USD (1lb=0.45359kg). It can be said that "e-waste" includes
Focus on big business opportunities. If the precious metals such as gold, silver, copper, tin, chromium, platinum and palladium contained in "electronic waste" are dismantled, it will be an immeasurable wealth.
Seven. Recycling of e-waste in China: Reasonable recycling of e-waste is equivalent to a "gold mine", but in the face of such a rich "gold mine", there is no formal e-waste treatment plant in China. Individual "farm-style" treatment plants not only waste a lot of valuable resources, but also have a great impact on the surrounding environment. According to the survey, the old electrical appliances now mainly flock to two channels: garbage vendors and dismantling workshops. There are generally two ways out for the old electrical appliances collected by vendors: refitting the ones that can be used and selling them to the countryside; If it doesn't work, sell things that can be sold for money, such as glass and plastic, and throw the rest away as garbage. Compared with vendors, the dismantling workshop is more advanced, but it is nothing more than using the most primitive manual knocking method to sell the disassembled high-value parts such as motors in a centralized way, and the rest are sold as scrap iron, plastics and other wastes; Completely unusable electronic waste, such as refrigerant in refrigerator air conditioner, is dumped at will. About 50% ~ 80% of electronic waste in the United States is "exported" every year, and the same is true.
VIII. Measures and relevant laws in China: At the same time, we should strengthen law enforcement. The State Environmental Protection Administration, customs and other departments should further strengthen management, improve the quality of law enforcement personnel, take various measures to crack down on illegal transboundary movements of hazardous wastes, and prohibit the import of electronic wastes that pollute the environment. Relevant departments should take further measures to publish the prohibited catalogue and expand the prohibited scope, prohibit the import of waste electrical appliances that pollute the environment and disassemble broken parts, further strengthen supervision and law enforcement, and severely crack down on illegal activities of smuggling waste by means of entrainment and false reporting.
9. China's recycling policy: It is reported that the relevant departments have been drafting a draft on recycling electronic waste, which is expected to be released next year. The draft will have the following characteristics: 1. Draw lessons from foreign advanced experience, standardize electronic waste recycling, a new industry. 2. The state gives policy support to the electronic waste recycling industry. 3. The cost of electronic waste disposal is considered to be shared by the state, enterprises and consumers, but the specific proportion has not yet been determined. Establish a responsibility system for manufacturers, and make it clear that manufacturers have the obligation to recycle reprocessed waste. It is clear that retailers have the obligation to recycle old electronic products and hand them over to manufacturers, and consumers have the obligation to hand them over to retailers and recycle them at a fixed price.
X. Prospect of e-waste recycling industry: At present, many manufacturers are still reluctant to invest in recycling industry, and need to adopt advanced technology, equipment and technology, because the initial investment cost is high, but the recycling prospect of their products is broad. Experts estimate that it will take at least five or six years for a dismantling enterprise to make a profit. After China's entry into WTO, home appliance manufacturers have to face not only domestic competition, but also foreign competition. Therefore, many formal enterprises are concerned about recycling but unable to do so. However, the recycling industry has long been a "gold industry". As far as the United States is concerned, the recycling rate of e-waste reaches over 97%, and the annual profit of e-waste treatment enterprises reaches 25-30 million US dollars. It can be seen that the recycling of e-waste is not unprofitable. For example, Dell recycles old computers to protect the environment.
It has established a good reputation among consumers and won the trust of the government, which is very worthwhile for direct seller Dell. Eleven. China's e-waste recycling industry has yet to be developed. Therefore, it is necessary to develop or introduce economic, practical and efficient recycling technologies suitable for China's national conditions, establish small-scale demonstration projects of key technologies for used household appliances, promote foreign advanced and practical processing technologies to household appliance enterprises, establish and standardize recycling channels for used household appliances, and establish producer responsibility system in the recycling process, so that production enterprises can become the main force of recycling work. As long as there are relevant technologies and equipment, the e-waste recycling industry will be a virgin land to be developed, and the prospect of "money" is very promising. In addition, judging from the draft formulated by the state, the state will have policy support. As long as enterprises first consider environmental protection and adopt advanced technology, equipment and technology, they will achieve both social and economic benefits.
12. Feeling and experience: The unreasonable disposal of a large amount of electronic waste is incompatible with the construction of a sustainable development society or an environment-friendly society proposed by China. In particular, the increasing shortage of mineral resources in China has made us feel the resistance to development.
Reasonable recycling of e-waste, control of a large number of dumping of e-waste in China by developed countries, no more situations like Guiyu in Guangdong, make our country's environment more beautiful and man and nature more harmonious.
Research results: Understand the harm of electronic waste and the recycling situation in China, understand the relevant laws of electronic waste treatment in China, and understand that it is necessary to recycle electronic waste reasonably and control the dumping of a large amount of electronic waste from developed countries in China, so that the phenomenon similar to Guiyu in Guangdong will not occur again, making our environment more beautiful and people and nature more harmonious.
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High school students research report model essay 2:
Famous brands have improved their status, representing popularity, and the quality of famous brand products is good. The pursuit of famous brands has its own significance for high school students. However, the pursuit of famous brands has also brought some disadvantages, such as increasing parents' financial pressure, affecting normal study and blindly comparing with others. Keywords: famous high school students pursue famous brands
Research methods: questionnaire survey.
First of all, the questions raised
Famous brands are flooding our life now. Walking in the street, sitting on campus, waving famous brands everywhere. Today, Nike, Adidas, Kappa, Puma, Li Ning and Metersbonwe Bang Wei and Bang Wei all advocate the pursuit of individuality. It seems that choosing one's favorite brand has become a part of people's personality. Famous brands are increasingly becoming a topic of conversation among senior high school students in their leisure time.
However, why do we high school students pursue famous brands? What's the point of pursuing famous brands? What is hidden behind the pursuit of famous brands? These problems make our research group decide to explore the reasons why high school students pursue famous brands and study the advantages and disadvantages brought by pursuing famous brands.
Second, the research objectives
We designed a questionnaire to investigate the current high school students with nine questions to understand their different attitudes towards famous brands. Respondents to the questionnaire showed great interest in this issue, which made our investigation successful. We find that high school students' pursuit of famous brands is actually a reflection of social groups' pursuit of famous brands, but the problems caused by it are very different from those caused by social groups' pursuit of famous brands.
Third, this theory.
1, the definition of famous brand
Famous brands are interpreted as "famous brands" in the dictionary. In real life, famous brands have extended from a brand to a well-known commodity. But what is famous, there is no unified answer.
In our questionnaire, we set four options to interpret famous brands: A, Fashion B, Good Quality C, Good-looking D, and Big Company Production. Results 8.3% people chose "good-looking" and 9 1.6% people chose "made by big companies".
In society, Nike, Adidas, Kappa, Puma, Li Ning, Yige, Metersbonwe, Bang Wei and Bang Wei, which people talk about, are also products of big companies. This proves that it is more reasonable to define famous brands as goods produced by large companies, and it can also be recognized by ordinary consumers in society.
2. The reasons why high school students pursue famous brands.
(1) Famous brands symbolize identity and enhance personal status.
This is the fourth question in our questionnaire: "How much will you spend on brand-name products in a year?" ? Select the answer as "Below 500 yuan; 500- 1000 yuan; 1000-2,500 yuan; More than 2,500 yuan. " We were surprised to find that the selection rate of the four answers was 25% each! This is because each student's family income is different, which leads to different personal investment in brand-name products. Our survey results fully reflect this fact. This also shows that brand-name products can reflect the income of a person or a family. As mentioned above, famous brands account for a quarter of daily necessities, so we can make a guess that if all famous brands belong to a certain group of people, then this group of people accounts for a quarter of the whole population, that is, a quarter of people with higher incomes. Therefore, famous brands symbolize high family income. In our society where identity is directly proportional to income and money worship is obvious, high family income also symbolizes the high status of family members. So famous brands also symbolize the status of individuals and families. As a member of this society, high school students will naturally have this kind of consciousness. They use famous brands to show their family status and invisibly improve their status.
(2) Famous brands represent popularity.
According to the questionnaire, 33.3% people choose famous brands because they are popular.
From the fact that 33.3% people think it is popular and buy it, we can see that famous brands are popular and attractive and must lead the fashion. And we define famous brands as the products of big companies, which means that the products of big companies often lead the fashion trend. High school students are a special group, who have just turned from teenagers to young people. They are still curious about everything around them and have nothing to worry about. So they will pay special attention to those funny, strange or fashionable things, that is, the so-called fashion, and naturally they will pay special attention to fashionable brands.
(3) The quality of famous brands is good.
In the questionnaire, 4 1.6% people think that the quality of brand-name products is good, which is the highest among all the proportions, so it can be seen that high school students are right.
Quality is very important, the understanding of famous brands is rational, and we don't blindly follow the trend.
Of course, the products of big companies are of good quality. Just like all the athletes in the world, no matter what the competition is, whether it is fierce or not, they basically use the sports products of big companies: Nike, Adidas and Puma provide the supplies for the teams participating in the World Cup; The sponsors of NBA teams are nothing more than Nike, Adidas and Puma. Puma is the supplier of racing shoes for all competitors in the F 1 Grand Prix. In fact, it's not that sports teams don't want to use low-priced small brands, but that the product quality of small brands can't meet the needs of those sports teams. The products of big companies are excellent because they have a long history and deep roots, so they can stand in the society, so their products also symbolize classics. Practice tells us that the more classic the test, the better the quality.
As a high school student, I naturally understand the above basic truth, so the biggest reason why high school students choose famous brands is the good quality of famous brand products. From the above three points, we can know that high school students choose famous brand products because famous brands represent quality, fashion and status.
3. High school students think that pursuing famous brands has advantages and disadvantages.
(1) is good for our high school students.
First, in our questionnaire, we know that when high school students see others wearing or using famous brands, 25% will appreciate the idea, 25% will be jealous, and the remaining 50% will choose. This set of data shows that one quarter of high school students in our high-income families have the feeling of remembering heroes, and they appreciate people like themselves very much. This will make them cherish the good environment now and will not waste the property at home. The jealous 25% people may look up to those with good family income, study hard and make progress hard, so that they can earn a considerable income in the future. The pursuit of famous brands can give many people the motivation to move forward.
Secondly, in the questionnaire, 33.3% people feel comfortable when wearing or using famous brands, and 25% people choose to feel confident.
8.3% people choose to feel face, and 33.3% people choose it doesn't matter. Psychological theory holds that when a person feels comfortable and confident, his efficiency will reach the best state. People who are proud will also improve their efficiency. This is the second advantage of famous brands. Third, famous brands have various styles and highlight their individuality. In today's era of advocating individuality, pursuing famous brands is one of the best ways to show individuality. Because showing personality can not only make each of us exert our greatest energy, but also make our society full of color and our life more colorful.
(2) It is harmful to our high school students.
First of all, we high school students have no financial resources, and we all rely on our parents to buy expensive brand-name products, which will bring economic pressure to our parents and make them worry about these consumption levels in daily life. If parents don't agree, children will be alienated from their parents. What's more, they may steal and break the law, but the reason is only to pursue famous brands. These are bad for people and themselves.
At the same time, high school students have to face the college entrance examination, and learning is the most important task for us high school students at present. At the same time, we high school students are the most easily influenced and distracted, and we may easily affect our study because we pursue famous brands. If it is, it will not be worth the loss. This is the second shortcoming.
In addition, the pursuit of famous brands will form the wind of comparison, stress ostentation and extravagance, be more extravagant, blindly squander money and waste resources. This is the third shortcoming.
From a philosophical point of view, everything has two sides, and we should look at the problem from a contradictory point of view, including the pursuit of famous brand products by high school students. The advantage of pursuing brand-name products is that it will generate motivation, improve work efficiency and highlight personality. The disadvantage is that it increases the burden on parents, separates them from their parents, and can't concentrate on their studies, forming a trend of keeping up with the joneses. Therefore, high school students should have a clear understanding of this, and must not be led by famous brands, which will not only improve themselves, but will become slaves to fashion.
Four. conclusion
To sum up, the products produced by well-known large companies with good quality assurance are brand-name products, and the proportion of high school students' brand names is not uniform. However, brand-name products lead our consumption concepts and values, affect our aesthetics and make friends, and often directly affect our study and the vital college entrance examination.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) suggestion
In view of the above situation and analysis, we think that high school students should be educated in fashion aesthetics and value orientation. Pursuing fashion certainly shows that our social life has a fashionable aesthetic, but how to guide, educate and establish a healthy aesthetic according to the characteristics of different groups of people is an important issue that should be considered in current middle school education. More importantly, high school students must be educated to establish correct values.
Orientation, we should establish the values of being proud of labor and saving. Blind pursuit and boring competition can only form the bad habit of relaxing and hating work, and the decadent spirit of getting something for nothing. This runs counter to the purpose of a harmonious society.
High school students research report model essay 3:
In order to cultivate innovative and compound talents needed by the times, this scientific and technological production is specially arranged to train students' design ability and hands-on operation ability, maintain the use of hands and brains, and improve students' scientific and technological literacy so as to better adapt to society in the future.
Requirements: design and produce works by yourself, using metalworking, carpentry, electrician and other technologies. When submitting a work, you should attach a written scientific and technological production report (printed version: A4 page as much as possible), and the name of the work and team members should be beautified as much as possible.
Attachment:
Report style of scientific and technological achievements
Name of the work:
Team member: Class name How it works: (text description or schematic diagram)
Examples of reporting style of scientific and technological achievements
Name of Work: Five Rings Team Members: Work Plan:
The wire cutting plan for the main part of the work is shown in the following figure:
Job description:
The design of this work consists of three parts: the Tai Chi symbol of Beijing's bid for the Olympic Games on the far left, the emblem of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games on the far right, and two Olympic rings held aloft in the middle, which are very dynamic and symbolize China's contribution to the development of the Olympic Games. The work mainly plays a decorative role and can also be expanded into a pen container.
Production process:
This work mainly involves wire cutting, heat treatment and fitter. The main part of the pattern is drawn in AutoCAD, and then imported into the auxiliary software CA_A for wire cutting, and modified into a pattern. After the code is generated, it will be processed. The material used is about 10mm cold-rolled plate. After cutting and molding, the surface will be polished, smooth and bright, and sent to the heat treatment workshop to blacken the surface of Venus. According to the distance between the supports on both sides, the base is made of a steel plate with a thickness of about 4mm and a width of 76 mm After sawing into a steel plate with the required size in the fitter's workshop, the four corners are rounded with a file, and the edges are filed flat without edges. Use a 3.2mm drill bit and M4 tap to punch holes in the supporting feet of the main body, and punch holes in the corresponding positions of the bottom plate. Finally, use 4mm flat head screws to fix the main body and the bottom plate.
Problems encountered in production:
Because the main material is too thick, the wire cutting time is too long, and the surface of cold-rolled plate is not flat enough, wire cutting is broken, and polishing before heat treatment is very laborious. Therefore, the grinding process should be considered, and the correct order is grinding, wire cutting and heat treatment, which will make the production process smoother.
Reference theme
1, design and manufacture of multifunctional crutches 2, design and manufacture of multifunctional bookshelf and pen container 3, design and manufacture of simple camping tent 4, design and manufacture of multifunctional schoolbags 5, design and manufacture of automatic flood drainage device 6, improved design and manufacture of water dispenser 7, design and manufacture of class cards 8, design and manufacture of desks 9, design and manufacture of class chairs.
10, innovative design and manufacture of waste utilization 1 1, design and manufacture of arch bridge 12, design and manufacture of beam bridge 13, design and manufacture of cantilever bridge 14, design and manufacture of suspension bridge 15, design and manufacture of cable-stayed bridge 60.
17, Analysis and Simple Manufacture of Famous Buildings (such as Flowing Water Villa and Savoi Villa). ) 18, choose any building in the school to make a simple model.
19. According to your own understanding of architecture, design and make innovative building models. 20. Make simple renderings according to the school background. 2 1. Improve the design and production of classroom interior layout.
22. Design and manufacture of devices to improve indoor air quality and classroom circulation in winter. Investigate the design principles of beehives and make improvements. Make a model 24. Investigate the design principle of the bowl and make a model 25. Study the design principle of the knife and make a model 26. Design and manufacture of automatic switch lighting street lamp. Design and manufacture of simple LED desk lamp.
28. Study the design principle of shoes and improve the design and manufacture of shoes. 29. Innovative design and production of connecting parts in clothing (such as buttons and zippers). 30. Design and production of photo frames 3 1. Design and manufacture of simple letter box. Design and production of simple desk lamp. Design and manufacture of campus benches. Improve the design and production of schoolbags. Design and production of portable desk. Design and manufacture of simple small bookshelves. Design and manufacture of personalized fan. Design and manufacture of no.39 handbag. Design and manufacture of 40 lifting hook. Design and manufacture of windproof clothes rack 4 1. Design and manufacture of trash can. Design and manufacture of broom 43. Design and manufacture of mop.
44. Design and manufacture of kites. Design and manufacture of various doors and windows. Cross stitch: general technology 47. Design and manufacture of the model of no.48 house. Design and manufacture of movable bookshelves. Design and manufacture of kaleidoscope 50. Design and manufacture of candlestick 5 1. Design and manufacture of type 52 winding machine. Design and manufacture of windmills. Design and manufacture of toothpaste roller.
54. Design and manufacture of fish-shaped trolleys (other animals can also be used). Design and manufacture of simple small bench. Design and manufacture of trolleys. Design and manufacture of movable ladder. Design and manufacture of piggy bank. Design and production of campus signboards. Design and manufacture of mobile phone shell 6 1. Design and manufacture of washstand with hanging basin 62. Design and manufacture of universal umbrella frame 63. Design and manufacture of drawers under chairs. Design and make a good blackboard chart. Design and manufacture of combined (compound) farm tools.
66. Design and production of aviation model 67. Design and production of navigation model 68. Design and production of automobile model
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