Hepatitis B virus
Among the five common types of liver diseases, the most harmful and widespread is hepatitis B (hepatitis B for short). my country is a country with a lot of liver diseases, especially hepatitis B (hepatitis B). HBL) virus is infected with about 1.3% of the population in my country. For patients with liver disease, family relationships, marriage, schooling, employment, going abroad, and social interactions are all subject to varying degrees of restrictions and even discrimination, which inevitably casts a shadow on their lives. The color of sadness is that life is very important for everyone, and it is even more important for this group of vulnerable groups. They are at a loss for treatment and health and seek medical treatment everywhere. There are all kinds of new methods from space to the earth, but in the end they are helpless. and ended in despair, widely agreeing with the "theory that there is no cure for hepatitis B". Because of this, we have lost confidence in treatment. That is to say, many patients have lost the opportunity for treatment. However, the victims are all patients. Due to long-term lack of treatment, busy work, psychological pressure, the continuous development of the virus, and delays During treatment, cirrhosis, ascites, and liver cancer develop. The situation is getting more and more serious and has reached the point where no delay is necessary.
In recent years, liver diseases such as viral hepatitis, liver fibrosis, fatty liver, alcoholic liver disease, drug-induced liver damage, cirrhosis, and liver cancer have become one of the major diseases threatening human health in today's society. According to the latest statistics, more than 14% of people in my country are infected with viral hepatitis and hepatitis B virus carriers. It is precisely because carriers of these two types of viral hepatitis experience varying degrees of restrictions and even discrimination on family relationships, love, schooling, employment, going abroad, and socializing. It is precisely because of this that patients seek medical treatment in a hurry. Not only do they not get the best treatment effect, but they delay the treatment time, worsen the condition, and develop into liver fibrosis, hepatic ascites, hepatic peritonealization and the occurrence of liver cancer. There is even more agreement with the theory that there is no cure for hepatitis B, because this sentence makes patients with viral hepatitis and hepatitis B lose confidence in treatment, causing the virus to replicate repeatedly in the body and produce lesions. This is also the cause of transformed liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and liver cancer. As a result, more than one million patients die from liver cirrhosis and liver cancer every year.
It is even more important to pay attention to self-care in autumn and winter to prevent the recurrence or occurrence of chronic hepatitis. What should we do in this regard?
Chronic hepatitis has various manifestations and treatments. However, the principles of treatment are the same, which is to focus on proper rest and nutrition, supplemented by drug treatment. You should pay attention to self-care in the following aspects:
First, pay attention to the dangers of worsening jaundice. Once jaundice appears in a patient with hepatitis, it means there is obvious inflammation in the liver and even liver cell necrosis. The more obvious the liver cell necrosis is, the deeper the jaundice will be. Therefore, when patients with hepatitis develop severe jaundice, they should be alert to the possibility of severe hepatitis due to necrosis of large areas of liver cells. At the current level of treatment, early treatment for severe hepatitis has better results; mid-term treatment is less effective, with a cure and improvement rate of only about 50%; in the late stage, the opportunity for rescue treatment is lost, and the mortality rate is as high as about 90%. Therefore, when hepatitis patients develop jaundice, they should stay in bed and go to the hospital for treatment as soon as possible.
Second, avoid alcohol. Because alcohol not only directly damages the liver and worsens the condition, but also affects the therapeutic effect of antiviral drugs.
Third, rest and nutrition should be appropriate. Excessive rest and nutrition can lead to overnutrition, fatty liver and other related diseases, while doing nothing can aggravate psychological stress and produce neurasthenia. Therefore, when liver function is normal, you can study and live normally.
Fourth, avoid excessive use of drugs and drug abuse. Asymptomatic chronic hepatitis patients generally do not need medication. Some patients always think that they must take medicine when they are sick. Taking medicine will make them feel safe. In fact, this is not the case. Most patients with hepatitis B and hepatitis C do not need to take medicine. Improper medication is not only unsafe, but may also cause drug-induced hepatitis or other related adverse drug reactions.
Fifth, taking medicine should not allow you to fish for two days and dry the net for three days. Hepatitis patients should follow the doctor's advice when receiving drug treatment and insist on taking the medicine on time. Failure to take the medicine on time will affect the efficacy and increase the adverse reactions of the drug. Antiviral drugs can also easily cause drug resistance.
Sixth, we must build confidence and fully understand the long-term nature of chronic hepatitis treatment. Whether it is chronic hepatitis B or chronic hepatitis C, the treatment time, especially the time of antiviral drug treatment, is generally relatively long. For chronic hepatitis B, treatment is required for a longer period of time. For patients with poor efficacy or delayed onset of efficacy, they should build up confidence and persist in taking medication, and their condition will get better day by day.
What are the various manifestations and clinical significance of the five indicators of hepatitis B?
Introducing knowledge about hepatitis B: In the late 1950s, Baruch Blumber began to collect blood samples from all over the world in order to study blood protein components with genetic variability. After several years of hard work, he finally determined that the antigenic substance first discovered in the blood of Australian indigenous people was hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HbsAg), or Australian anti-antigen. Since then, more studies have discovered anti-HBs ((hepatitis B virus surface antibody), HBeAg (hepatitis B virus e antigen), anti-HBe (hepatitis B virus e antibody), and anti-HBc (hepatitis B virus core antibody).
Attachment : How to recover from hepatitis B through nutrition
The liver-protecting nutrient - Baogan Nutrient Powder, developed by experts from the Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of the Ministry of Health, has been recognized by more and more patients with liver disease. Nutrition for liver disease The era of recovery is coming quietly like the nutritional recovery of diabetes. Please continue reading below for hepatitis B virus carriers, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, fatty liver, etc.
As we all know, many diabetics used to only want to be cured quickly and took a lot of medication, which resulted in complications and premature death. Later, people finally discovered that to deal with chronic diseases, we must pay close attention to nutrition. As a result, many diabetics live healthy lives after proper nutrition. Eighty or ninety years old. So, is nutritional rehabilitation for chronic liver disease possible?
Liver disease is a chronic disease and is extremely common among patients in my country. There is no specific medicine on the market, and traditional medicines cannot completely cure it. Cure it. For a long time, the majority of patients with liver disease have endured both psychological and physical torture. The use of liver nourishing techniques has given us a good answer to the common psychology and care of hepatitis B patients.
1. Depression
Depression is a negative mood of depression, sadness and depression. It is mainly caused by loss of reality or loss of expectation, because disease is a common problem for everyone. An unpleasant event is accompanied by loss, so most patients will have varying degrees of depression. However, patients may express their depression in various ways, such as by pretending and trying to hide it; They are reticent and not interested in anything outside; some cry silently or cry profusely; some give up on themselves, give up on treatment, and even have thoughts of suicide.
Severe depression often leads to this. A sense of helplessness and hopelessness. This is an emotional state of having no way out, helplessness, and self-pity. Seligman believes that it often occurs in patients with poor prognosis or life-threatening conditions. Seligman believes that when a person loses control of the situation. When you have no control and know that you are unable to change it, you will feel helpless and hopeless. Most of these emotional states are unstable, so they can disappear as long as the condition improves slightly or the external environment improves slightly. , this emotional state can persist in a small number of people, directly affecting the treatment of diseases, and some can also induce secondary diseases.
2. Anxiety
Anyone. Anxiety is inevitable throughout life. Of course, patients cannot avoid anxiety. Anxiety is the fear and depression caused by a person's feeling of threat. This threat can be divided into two categories: one is the integrity of the body. Being threatened, one is that the personality is threatened. The physical and psychological threats to the patient are often unified, and will continue until the patient reaches physical and psychological safety and stability again. ?
There are many factors that cause patient anxiety. For example, in the early stage of the disease, uncertainty about the cause and disease outcome, especially the prognosis, can lead to anxiety unrelated to the disease, or excessive worry about the cause, disease outcome, and prognosis.
They are concerned about the changes in the patient's condition, are willing to introduce the patient's painful symptoms to medical staff, and are willing to help the patient overcome difficulties. For example, there was an old professor who was over 60 years old and was admitted to a ward with seven patients due to coronary heart disease. Among them were workers, farmers, and cadres. The oldest was 74 years old and the youngest was only 21. They quickly formed a deep friendship. Whenever a patient is discharged from the hospital, they say goodbye, exhort each other, comfort each other and leave their addresses, hoping to maintain permanent contact. This kind of mutual compassion and affinity among patients can relieve everyone's loneliness and enhance their sense of security. It can also help to activate the atmosphere in the ward and adjust the patient's mood, which is undoubtedly beneficial to the treatment of diseases. However, this kind of sympathy sometimes has a negative effect. For example, when a patient's condition worsens, the whole ward immediately becomes eerily silent, and a dark cloud hangs over everyone's mind. Once some patients die due to ineffective rescue efforts, they become even more horrified and sad. In addition, negative hints between patients often have adverse effects, such as introducing each other's folk remedies and so-called experiences, interfering with the doctor's correct treatment.
8. Luck
Most patients have a fluke mentality to varying degrees. For example, many people are reluctant to step into the role of patient in the early stages of a disease, always hoping that the doctor's diagnosis will be wrong. Especially those who are insensitive to illness, the fluke mentality is particularly serious. Some people have a clear diagnosis. There is often a sense of luck. There are two situations. One is that people are still doubtful about the diagnosis of their disease, and therefore sometimes do not act according to the doctor's instructions; the other is people who lack medical knowledge and lack of scientific attitude and say, "Don't listen to doctors to scare people, God may not be the same as God." I can’t get through it.” In fact, it is common for patients to delay their illness and cause adverse consequences in this way. Therefore, medical staff should explain carefully and persuade patiently according to the patient's specific psychology, so as to help the patient establish a scientific attitude towards the disease and overcome the fluke mentality
Three pillars of hepatitis B treatment scams
The 120 million hepatitis B virus carriers in China have become a "rich mine" for quack doctors and "fake doctors" to make money from ill-gotten gains
Since the discovery of hepatitis B virus? HBV 40 years ago Since then, humans have been plagued by this demon.
“We can’t find an effective way to treat it.” A Chinese patient who has suffered from hepatitis B for 17 years said, “It erodes your body, tortures your spirit, and forces you to a state of shame. See the dark corners of people.”
Statistics from the World Health Organization show that today there are 350 million people living in the shadow of hepatitis B virus; China’s hepatitis B virus carriers—HBVER— There are approximately 120 million people, of whom more than 30 million have become hepatitis B patients.
“Hepatitis B, including other hepatitis, will bring economic losses of 30 billion to 50 billion yuan to China every year.” An expert said, “And we will invest the same amount of money every year to prevent and treat it. "
On the famous HBVER website "Hepatobiliary Photo", you can conduct a survey like this: How much did you spend on treating hepatitis B? And almost no one answered “less than 10,000 yuan”.
According to a survey by Dr. Liu Shijing of the 302 Hospital of the People's Liberation Army: In 1984, the cost of hospitalization for a chronic hepatitis B patient was about 980 yuan; in 1998, it rose to 7,600 yuan, an increase of 770 yuan.
Professor Wei Lai, a member of the Hepatology Branch of the Chinese Medical Association and Peking University People's Hospital, said: Using imported interferon to treat hepatitis B costs 20,000-30,000 yuan per year; even taking the "cheaper" "Lamifu" orally "Determined", the annual cost is more than 6,000 yuan.
Such a large HBVER population and such high treatment costs have made those quack doctors and "fake doctors" discover a "bonanza" for making money from ill-gotten gains.
Lie: From "ancestral secret recipe" to "gene therapy"
"In February 1997, in a district-level hospital in Hangzhou, we found the doctor who claimed to treat large and small three Yang syndrome The "ZY Therapy" clinic with a high positive rate is bustling with people. Doctors confidently diagnose long queues of patients and then hand them over to nurses. The process of treatment is like that of skilled workers in mechanized production.
"
Zhao Yuhong, the author of "China's No. 1 Disease - In the Name of 120 Million HBVER", described the scene when she accompanied her husband to treat hepatitis B 6 years ago.
"Treatment *** Lasted 20 months, once a week. "She said, "Every time there are 7 injections, blood is drawn first, the plasma is added to the medicinal solution and then infused back into the body. Then, they burned 6 more acupuncture points - they put plasters on the acupuncture points on his chest and back. After 24 hours, use a needle to pop the bulging blisters. "
This treatment method costs 1,000 yuan per month. But in the end it had the opposite effect. "When these quack doctors were driven out of Hangzhou, I finally understood: My husband, and those waiting in line for diagnosis and treatment people have gone astray. "Zhao Yuhong said.
In the 1990s, most of the "doctors" who claimed that "hepatitis B can be cured" were under the guise of "ancestral secret recipes and Chinese herbal medicines." The reason for this is that authoritative analysts believe: This is because everyone can prescribe Chinese medicine - whether it is a regular doctor or a traveling doctor; secondly, a variety of Chinese herbal medicines, through different combinations, can evolve into endless prescriptions; thirdly, the public's trust in Chinese herbal medicines - quite a lot. Many Chinese people still believe that Chinese herbal medicine can remove the root of the disease and is highly safe; fourth, Chinese herbal medicine is low-cost and highly profitable.
“This goes against the most basic scientific common sense. Cai Haodong, deputy chief physician of Beijing Ditan Hospital and a famous liver disease expert, said, "Hepatitis B virus was only discovered in 1964. How could our ancestors have the foresight to come up with a secret recipe to treat it?" ”
Today, many medical institutions have released information on “gene therapy” for hepatitis B. In this regard, Dr. Liu Shijing of the 302 Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army pointed out: Gene therapy for hepatitis B is still in the laboratory and pre-clinical stages. Preparation, vector selection, introduction technology, etc. must be carried out and completed in high-tech conditions and precision laboratories, which is simply not possible in general clinics and individual hospitals.
“Currently, worldwide. There are only a few recognized anti-hepatitis B virus drugs, such as interferon and lamivudine. Professor Zhuang Hui, academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and Peking University School of Medicine, said, “However, these two types of drugs can only inhibit virus replication and cannot completely kill them. Moreover, there are some side effects during treatment. ”
“Catching birds”: From “soft and hard advertising” to “experts sitting in the hall”
A wandering doctor who has been engaged in hepatitis B “treatment” for many years revealed: The first reason they attract patients is The first step is to contract departments in a regular hospital. According to the grade of the hospital and the size of the leased area, the contractor needs to pay a certain amount of rent to the hospital every year, which is approximately the amount of its profit. 10-30.
“It’s like you get a bird-catching cage,” he said, “and the medical ads flying around are like bird-catching bait. "
In January this year, the Ministry of Health and the State Administration for Industry and Commerce jointly issued a document stipulating that nine diseases cannot be advertised - hepatitis B is included among them. But what is witnessed is: when the TV is turned on, When you open newspapers and periodicals, you will still be flooded with advertisements such as "Liver Disease Killer" and "Negative Conversion Rate 90%".
A senior person in the advertising industry said that according to regulations, medical advertisements must be approved. The medical administration department of the prefectural and municipal health bureaus shall then submit it to the provincial health department for review. The "Medical Advertising Certificate" indicating the approval should indicate: the name of the service organization, the professional and technical content, the name and technical title of the practicing physician. etc.
“The easy part is the ‘professional technical content’. There may only be a dozen words that have been approved, but when it comes to advertising, it becomes hundreds of words - you will see promotional terms that are strictly prohibited in various countries, such as 'medicine can cure diseases' and 'one box works' , 'invalid refund', 'insurance company coverage' and other promises, or use the names and images of medical research institutions, academic institutions, experts, doctors, and patients as proof. "He said, "Because some people will bribe the reviewers with kickbacks; some media can irresponsibly publish any content as long as they are paid. "
Industry insiders revealed: While spending huge costs on hard advertising, some "doctors" will also use other means to package themselves.
For example, some "free clinics" are nothing more than a vehicle for them to sell medicines. In addition, they will also recruit certain government agencies to promote themselves. A female expert once encountered such a situation: when a certain unit held a health lecture, she was asked to take the opportunity to promote a new liver-protecting drug. "State agencies have no right to recommend any medicines. It is the job of doctors to treat diseases." The female expert said angrily.
Our reporter witnessed with his own eyes the inside story of a "famous doctor" being "cordially received" by senior leaders: At a celebration party after the end of SARS, the "famous doctor" sitting in the audience walked up to A certain leader said next to him: "I have admired your name for a long time." And his assistant lost no time in taking a photo of the two of them. Ten days later, this huge group photo was hung in the clinic of the "famous doctor".
No one can calculate the annual medical income of "famous doctors" like this across the country, but according to the above-mentioned self-revealed charlatan, he once earned 60,000 yuan a day. records, and the cost is just a few hundred yuan worth of common herbs like "Schisandra chinensis". A so-called liver disease specialist hospital in a certain province, which started out as "experts sitting in the hall", has rapidly expanded its branches in the province to more than 100 in the past three years.
"They are following the path of huge advertising - false propaganda - huge profits - huge advertising." An expert from the 302 Hospital concluded, "And the costs are all added to the patients. I have seen this Many people have lost their money trying to treat hepatitis B."
When you click on the "Live and Be True" website, those words condensed with blood and tears will come to you. "You can't imagine the pain they endured." Zhao Yuhong said, "My husband has been tortured by the disease for 16 years, and his failure to recover from hepatitis B caused him to suffer from severe anxiety. When the anxiety attack occurred, he cried and told me , His head seemed to be split into three pieces, and it looked like two eggs were inserted into the gap!"
In this situation, one can imagine the patient's mood after being deceived. "Throw those quacks into the fire and burn them all to death!" Someone expressed their anger in this extreme way online.
Zhuang Hui recalled that when liver disease experts from across the country gathered in Xi'an for a meeting in 2000, they jointly issued an open letter to severely condemn the deceivers. But three years later, the ugly things are still increasing.
He analyzed, “The most important thing is that the entire country discriminates against hepatitis B patients and HBVER, and the scientific voice is drowned in baseless claims.”
”Public Opinion Discrimination and policy discrimination are the main reasons for hepatitis B discrimination. "Under this pressure, who among the hepatitis B patients does not want to get rid of the virus as soon as possible? So they begin to desperately seek treatment - even if there is only a glimmer of hope. The liars have captured this mentality of people."
Nonsense: "Guarantee that all three positives, big and small, will turn negative."
Everyone knows that the price of medicines in China is artificially high. Similarly, there is a gap of several times or even dozens of times between the selling price and cost of drugs to treat hepatitis B, especially those imported and new drugs - interferon costs 150-450 yuan per tube; thymopentin costs 500 yuan per tube. ;Thymosin? Ridaxian is 900 yuan per tube...
"The kickbacks doctors receive from medicines are an open secret." A pharmaceutical representative from a pharmaceutical company who did not want to be named said, "According to According to industry regulations, the rebate rate for the chief physician is about 10-15% of the drug price; the rebate rate for the person in charge of the medicinal materials department is about 10-20%. Sometimes, we also have to 'manage' the bedside doctors or general doctors in the inpatient department."
Driven by profit, doctors are more willing to prescribe drugs with large rebates or high prices to patients. "Three years ago, when a new drug for the treatment of hepatitis B came on the market, a doctor prescribed it to me many times when my liver function was normal." A hepatitis B patient said, "I have been doing this for three years. It cost 100,000 yuan. And this medicine cannot be stopped. Once stopped, the disease will rebound.”
Scientific research shows that the hepatitis B virus itself does not cause disease, but when it invades the human body, it becomes parasitic. in liver cells.
“We call them hidden agents.
Cai Haodong, deputy chief physician of Beijing Ditan Hospital and a famous liver disease expert, said, "If the virus replicates in liver cells, it will stimulate the body to produce incomplete immunity and fight the virus." ”
According to him, the markers of this immune response are three pairs of antigens and antibodies-hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg)-surface antibody (anti-HBs or HBsAb), hepatitis B virus e antigen (HBeAg) -The emergence of e-antibodies (anti-HBe, HBeAb), hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) - core antibodies (anti-HBc, HBcAb). HBsAg, HBeAg and anti-HBc are all positive, commonly known as "big three positives"; When HBeAg turns negative and anti-HBe turns positive, HBsAg, anti-HBe, and anti-HBc are all positive at the same time, which is called "small three positives"
If the body's immune function is sound and the immune response is good, Infection with a small amount of hepatitis B virus will stimulate the body to produce hepatitis B virus surface antibodies. If the body is infected with more viruses at one time and the body's resistance is poor, hepatitis B or even severe hepatitis will occur.
If people suffering from hepatitis B can be detected and treated in time, most of them can be cured and anti-HBs will be produced in the body. However, the reality is that many people have no symptoms or reactions after being infected with HBV, so they cannot receive timely diagnosis and treatment. , HBV will continue to replicate in the nucleus of liver cells, causing liver disease and damage. This is the chronic hepatitis B virus infection or patient seen clinically today, that is, the "big three positive" patients.
" This ratio is about 1/3, and the rate of hepatitis B turning into liver cancer is only 1/3. "Cai Haodong said, "Therefore, the 'trilogy' of 'carriers - hepatitis B patients - liver cancer patients' promoted by many people today is untenable. ”
An authoritative expert also pointed out: People who are positive for hepatitis B virus infection are divided into four types - hepatitis B virus infection, hepatitis B patients, people in the recovery period of hepatitis B, and hepatitis B virus carriers Except for the second type, the other three groups of people will not be infected with the disease when in contact with others under normal circumstances.