Teaching objectives:

1. Educate students to obey traffic rules and pay attention to personal safety.

2. Establish a correct security and defense psychology, strengthen security and defense awareness education, and cultivate a correct security and defense psychology.

3. Master escape strategies in emergency situations.

Teaching requirements:

Knowledge: Understand relevant knowledge; identify behaviors that endanger safety.

In terms of ability: through learning, always be vigilant and consciously do preventive work.

Awareness: Understand the necessity of safety, establish safety awareness; enhance the sense of responsibility for safety.

Teaching focus: behaviors that endanger safety and self-rescue measures.

Teaching methods: a combination of guidance, reading, discussion and evaluation.

Teaching media: multimedia.

Class duration: one class hour.

Teaching process:

Create scenarios and introduce new lessons? Students read, analyze and summarize? Use knowledge to solve problems? Summary

Teaching process:

Clearly set up scenarios and introduce new lessons.

1. Obey traffic rules and pay attention to personal safety.

Understand the cases of students not obeying traffic rules and not paying attention to personal safety.

Speak freely. List examples of students who do not obey traffic rules and do not pay attention to personal safety.

Summary and put forward requirements for students’ daily behavior.

2. Establish a correct security and defense psychology, strengthen security and defense awareness education, and cultivate a correct security and defense psychology.

1. Currently, among middle school students, some students lack a correct safety and defense mentality. Some of them are blackmailed, some are bullied, and some are even killed. Such cases abound and are even on the rise. trend. Therefore, it is very important to strengthen safety and defense awareness education for our middle school students and cultivate a correct safety and defense psychology.

2. You must not have the intention to harm others, and you must have the intention to guard against others. ?

Example 1. According to the "Newspaper Digest" report: Zhang, a junior student in a school in Sichuan, was often blackmailed by a senior boy since he entered the school. He did not dare to spend his pocket money, so he saved Pocket money? Dedication? To whom? Big brother? One day, the student was forced to steal a classmate's Walkman. After being discovered by the teacher, he revealed the reason for the theft. The case was shocking.

Example 2. According to the "Yangcheng Evening News" report, a middle school student in Guangzhou met a young man in the Internet cafe because of the Internet cafe. The young man often used the excuse of reporting his Internet cafe to his parents and teachers. , extorting cigarettes, money, etc. from the middle school student. Later, there was a quarrel on the street, and the student was drugged by young people. Fortunately, he was discovered by the 110 patrol police. At the strong request of his parents, a case was opened for investigation. A small number of students were bullied, but they never dared to tell their teachers and parents. Instead, they invited young people from society to "solve the situation". This eventually led to gang fights, which had a great negative impact on the school and the family.

Countermeasures taken:

First, learn the law, abide by the law, understand the law, and use it.

Second, we must have the awareness to report in a timely manner. Especially when students with short stature and weak physical strength are bullied, they should report to their parents and teachers in time and ask them to come forward to solve the problem.

Third, you must have a vigilant awareness of calling the police, that is, be fearless in the face of danger, look for an escape, and seek help from the police.

Fourth, be careful when making friends.

3. Escape strategies in emergencies

At 3:49:56 on July 28, 1976, a 7.8-magnitude earthquake occurred in Tangshan City, killing 242,400 people and seriously injuring them. 160,000, and 360,000 were slightly injured.

At 11:20 noon on February 15, 2004, a huge fire broke out in Zhongbai Commercial Building in Jilin City, Jilin Province, killing 54 people and injuring 70 people.

At 12:20 on June 10, 2005, a fire broke out at the Huanan Hotel in Xiashan Street, Chaonan District, Shantou City, Guangdong Province. The fire was extinguished by 15:30, causing 31 deaths and 23 minor injuries. Injured, 3 people were seriously injured.

On the afternoon of June 10, 2005, Shalan Town, Ning'an City, Mudanjiang Prefecture, Heilongjiang Province suffered a once-in-a-century flash flood and mudslide disaster. Shalan Town Primary School was washed away, killing 109 people, including 105 students.

Shocking reports show how many people have lost their lives to these natural or man-made disasters for no reason! We cannot say that as long as we master the relevant knowledge, we will be foolproof and there is no danger at all, but at least we can reduce the harm. Minimum reduction.

(1) Earthquake

Earthquake is the first of many disasters. Strong and destructive earthquakes can instantly destroy buildings such as houses, bridges, and dams, directly causing huge disasters to mankind. They can also induce secondary disasters such as floods, fires, tsunamis, and leaks of toxic and radioactive substances. Precursor: Before an earthquake occurs, people can often observe some abnormal phenomena in nature, which are earthquake precursors. For example, the sound of the ground, the light in the ground, and the well water are abnormal (the water suddenly becomes muddy or rises and falls suddenly). Some animals are more sensitive than humans, such as cats and dogs biting and barking like crazy, rats moving in groups, and chickens everywhere. Flying, pigs, sheep and other large livestock running around and so on.

When an earthquake occurs:

(1) It only takes about 12 seconds from when people feel the vibration to when the building is damaged. If you live in a bungalow, you can quickly run to the door outside. If you live in a building and it is too late to run away, do not jump off the building. You should immediately cut off the electric switch, turn off the gas, and temporarily evacuate to a small span such as the kitchen or bathroom, or under a table, cabinet, bed, etc. After the earthquake, Evacuate quickly to prevent strong aftershocks.

(2) If there is an earthquake in schools, shops, theaters and other places where people gather, it is most important not to panic. You should hide under desks, chairs or solid objects immediately, and wait for the earthquake to pass before evacuating in an orderly manner. .

(3) If you encounter an earthquake on the street, protect your head with your hands and quickly move away from the building to the center of the street. If you encounter an earthquake in the countryside, be careful to stay away from cliffs, steep slopes, river banks and high-voltage lines.

After the earthquake: If you are unfortunately buried under the rubble after the earthquake, you should try to stay calm and try to save yourself. When you are unable to escape, you must conserve your strength, try your best to find water and food, create living conditions, and wait patiently for rescue.

(2) Fire

It is well known that fire and water are merciless. Statistics from the World Health Organization say that in the past five years, an average of more than 20.7 million people have been killed in fires around the world every year, and the number of injured is even more difficult to count.

In the critical moment when a fire is raging, we must adhere to the principles of "Three Essentials", "Three Rescues" and "Three Don'ts", so that we can turn danger into safety and survive in desperate situations.

1. Three essentials:

(1) Be familiar with the environment of your residence

You should pay more attention to the stairs of your residence. , passages, gates, emergency evacuation exits, etc., and whether there are platforms, skylights, and temporary refuge floors (rooms).

(2) It is necessary to remain calm and calm when encountering a problem

In the face of a raging fire, only by remaining calm and calm can we take quick and decisive measures to protect ourselves and others. Some people were confused and took wrong actions, which delayed the precious time of escape. For example, you only know how to push the door but not pull it hard; mistake the wall for the door and knock hard; or even blindly jump off the building regardless of the situation? Touch the door before opening the door. If the door is hot or The smoke has penetrated through the cracks in the door, so you cannot open the door and prepare to take the second route. Even if the door is not hot, open it carefully only a little and quickly pass through it, then immediately close it again.

Because oxygen will escape when the door is wide open, so even a fire that is about to die out will suddenly burst into flames.

(3) Beware of the harm of smoke and poison

In a fire, the biggest killer is not the fire itself, but the large amount of toxic smoke produced during burning. Its main component is carbon monoxide, in addition to hydrogen cyanide, hydrogen chloride, sulfur dioxide, etc. Research by fire experts shows that when the carbon monoxide content in the air is 1, a person will fall into coma after breathing several times, and death can occur in one or two minutes. Experts recommend covering your nose and mouth with a wet towel and evacuating the fire scene as quickly as possible. If the fire is too large and violent, the exit passage is blocked by thick smoke, and there is no other route to take, you can use a wet quilt as a cover and a "safety belt" close to the ground to crawl through the smoke-filled corridors and rooms. Never run with your body upright. Because hot and cold air are convective, toxic smoke floats in the upper part of the house space, while some fresh air comes in close to the ground for people to breathe. If you run while standing, you will most likely be unable to breathe and die of suffocation. If your clothes are on fire, you should take them off or roll on the ground to put out the fire. If someone flees in panic with his clothes on fire, he should be pushed to the ground and rolled around until the fire goes out.

2. Three rescues

(1) Choose an escape passage to save yourself

When a fire occurs, use the fact that the smoke is not thick or the fire has not burned yet Closed stairs, evacuation passages, and open stair escapes are the most ideal choices. If you can successfully reach below the fire floor, you are basically out of danger.

(2) Sliding down a rope? Self-rescue?

What should you do if the aisle or staircase has been blocked by fire or toxic smoke? You should use the rope (or pull the rope) in time Curtains and sheets are torn into thick strips (long strips), and one end is firmly tied to an object that can bear weight, such as a water pipe or heating pipe, and the other end is drooped from the window to the ground or a lower floor. Waiting at the balcony. Then he slid down the rope and escaped from the fire.

(3) Ask the outside world for help?

If you are blocked in the building by the fire and all escape routes are cut off, you must temporarily retreat to the room and close the door Doors and windows leading to the fire area. Staying in a room does not mean sitting passively. You can water the doors and windows to slow down the spread of the fire; at the same time, you can shout, wave, turn on the flashlight, throw objects, etc. through the windows to send out a distress signal and wait for rescue by firefighters. In short, don't do anything impulsive that is not conducive to escape.

3. Three no’s?

(1) Escape by not taking the elevator

After discovering the fire, in order to prevent the fire from spreading along the electrical lines, people There will be power outages. Sometimes, fires knock down power lines. If you take an ordinary escape, you will be in trouble if there is a power outage. You can neither get up nor get out, which is like trapping yourself in a "cage".

(2) Don’t? Jump off a building easily

Jumping off a building to survive is extremely risky. If you fail, you will often end up dead or injured, so it should not be taken lightly. Even if you have no choice but to make this decision, you must pay attention to the method. First, you should throw quilts or mattresses downstairs so that your body does not directly collide with the hard cement or stone pavement when landing, reducing the possibility of injury; then grab the window edge with both hands, droop your body, and jump off with your feet. Reduce the gap with the ground.

(3) Not greedy for property

Fire strikes very quickly and can enter the violent stage in 10 minutes. Therefore, fire experts warn that in the event of a fire, you must evacuate quickly and never waste time getting dressed or looking for valuables, because no treasure is more precious than life. Don't return to the fire for property after you have escaped from the fire. In the end, you will lose both your life and property and destroy yourself.

(3) Thunder and lightning

When summer comes, there are often thunderstorms and strong winds, so we should prevent lightning attacks.

1. In an open field, do not make yourself a sharp point. That is to say, you should try to reduce your height as much as possible. You should not carry metal objects such as shovels, hoes, golf clubs, etc. on your shoulders. High above the head.

2. In suburban areas, it is best to hide in a building with metal doors and windows or a lightning rod. You can also hide in a car with a metal body.

3. In dense woods, it is best to find a clearing in the forest and squat down with your feet together; it is extremely unsafe to hide under a big tree from a thunderstorm. In addition, do not stay under the chimneys of high-rise buildings or on high hills to prevent accidents.

4. When traveling in the mountains, you can also enter lightning protection if you encounter a cave on the road.

5. When there is thunder, it is best not to go fishing, boating, or swimming in lakes, rivers, beaches, etc.

6. When there is thunder, it is best not to ride horses, bikes, motorcycles or tractors in flat open areas.

7. When thunder strikes, it is relatively safe to stay indoors, but doors and windows should be closed tightly to prevent dangerous side strikes and ball lightning from intruding.

(4) Flood

When heavy rains fall continuously in an area in a short period of time, the river water will rise violently, overflowing the dams, submerging farmland and villages, and washing away roads, bridges, and houses. This is Flood disaster. How to save yourself when a flood occurs?

l. If you are threatened by a flood, if you have enough time, you should move to hillsides, highlands, etc. in an organized manner according to the predetermined route; if you are caught off guard and are already surrounded by floods Next, we should try our best to use boats, rafts, door panels, wooden beds, etc. for water transfer.

2. When the flood comes too fast and it is too late to move, you should immediately climb onto the roof, tall building, big tree or high wall to take temporary refuge and wait for rescue. Do not swim alone and transfer.

3. In mountainous areas, if it rains continuously, flash floods may easily occur. In this case, care should be taken to avoid crossing the river to prevent being washed away by flash floods, and to prevent injuries from landslides, rolling rocks, and mudslides.

4. If you find that the high-voltage power line tower has collapsed or the wires are hanging down or broken; stay away from danger and do not touch or approach to avoid electric shock.

5. After the flood, you should take epidemic prevention drugs and do a good job in hygiene and epidemic prevention to avoid the occurrence of infectious diseases.

4. Young people should continue to enhance their sense of responsibility for maintaining safety