Basic Introduction Chinese Name: Community Construction Meaning: Community Training and Rights Protection Purpose: Integrating "People, Culture, Land, Scenery and Property" Speaker: Professor Xia Zhujiu Community Construction Architect: Ningjun's basic concept, theoretical basis, specific requirements, specific objectives, main features, domestic practice, social construction process, social construction system, case materials and basic concept community construction is a new word. The definition in Wikipedia is: "Residents living in the same geographical area continue to take collective actions to deal with the life problems faced by their communities, create the same well-being while solving problems, and gradually establish close social ties among residents and between residents and the community environment. This process is called' community building'. " Its main purpose is to integrate the five community development directions of "people, culture, land, scenery and production": "people" refers to the satisfaction of community residents' needs, the management of interpersonal relationships and the creation of life well-being; "Wen" refers to continuing the history and culture of the community, managing artistic and cultural activities and lifelong learning; "Land" refers to the preservation and characteristic development of geographical environment and the continuation of locality; "Production" refers to the collective management of local economic and industrial activities; "Landscape" refers to the creation of community public space, the sustainable management of living environment and the creation of unique landscape. Community building is community training and rights protection. -Professor Xia Zhujiu, Honorary Professor, Institute of Architecture and Urban-Rural Development, Taiwan Province University. Community construction is about self-organization, self-governance, self-development and helping to solve social welfare, economic development and social harmony. In this process, the collective social capital of the community will be promoted, thus achieving the purpose of community autonomy. -Professor Luo, Jar from the Department of Sociology of Tsinghua University provides a theoretical basis for community building and takes action on different types of community problems. "Community construction" aims at different types of community problems. Japanese professor Ito Miyazaki advocates that these problems can be divided into the following five categories. "People" refers to the satisfaction of community residents' needs, the management of interpersonal relationships and the creation of happiness in life. "Wen" refers to continuing the history and culture of the community, managing artistic and cultural activities and lifelong learning; "Land" refers to the preservation and characteristic development of geographical environment and the continuation of locality; "Property" refers to the collective management of real estate and economic activities, the creation and sale of real estate, etc. "Landscape" refers to the creation of "community public space", the sustainable management of living environment, the creation of unique landscape and the self-creation of residents. From "community construction" to "sustainable community" ① establish a set of community policies with "community value" as the core; ? Social justice: enables people to enjoy human rights, meet their needs and have greater control over the decision-making process that affects their lives. ? Participation: Based on full citizenship, autonomy, power sharing, skills, knowledge and experience, people can participate in democracy through issues that affect their lives. ? Fairness: a challenge to the personal attitudes, systems and social practices of discrimination and anti-marginalization groups. ? Learning: Demonstrate the skills, knowledge and expertise of people who have contributed to and developed social, economic, political and environmental issues. ? Cooperation: on the basis of respecting each other's cultural differences and contributions, * * * jointly confirm and take action. ? Environmental justice: Make people responsible for the environment they live in and take actions to protect and improve the environment. (2) developing community partnerships that are conducive to the accumulation of "community capacity"; The purpose of community capacity is to improve community capacity through participation, learning and cooperation, so it is also an indispensable element of community capacity building. The embodiment of community ability may be manifested in four important aspects:? Senseofcommunity: refers to the degree of connection between members and their understanding of the relationship between the environment, including the degree to which they collectively hold the same values, norms and visions. ? Commitment between members: It means that a specific individual, group or organization is willing to be responsible for what happens in the community. ? Ability to solve problems: it is not enough to turn promises into actions, only "community participation" is enough. The community must play the most important role in planning and implementing the self-change strategy. ? Aesstoresources: In addition to evaluating, confirming and acquiring existing community assets, we should also be able to link and acquire resources outside the community (such as economic, human, tangible and political resources). ? Obviously, the definition of "community competence" is broad and unclear, which may be tangible physical environment or intangible consciousness or value; It may be an individual, an organization or a social network; It may also be the connection of emotion, consciousness or value between individuals, organizations or networks. ? Community work emphasizes "bottom-up", which is a basic but not absolute concept. The basic reason is that this is the lifeblood of the sustainable development of the community, and the community must not be allowed to die out. Community needs to be cultivated, and "bottom-up" and "top-down" need to cooperate with each other. Conceptually, we emphasize "bottom-up", but in practice, we do not exclude "top-down", that is, when the community's ability is still insufficient, its focus is to improve its own ability through the assistance of external forces (including * * and experts). When it is capable, external forces should not be excessively involved, so it must be persisted. Only by adjusting the degree of intervention in this flexible way with the participation of residents can we cultivate the real ability of community residents, which is exactly what Pei Li meant from "doing for the community" to "doing with the community" and then to "doing according to the community". ③ Constructing the practical operation mode of "community alliance"; ? A sustainable community needs to be based on "community capacity". Human capital and organizational resources in community capacity are often tangible, while social capital is intangible assets. Tangible assets often make the appearance of the community dazzling, but without intangible assets as the backing, the dazzling appearance may be short-lived and lack of foundation. ? Network is one of the elements of social capital. If the concept of network is put in the context of community, it means that the functions of network include: (1) providing a complete and decentralized communication channel; (2) Creating opportunities for reflection and learning; (3) promoting collective action; (4) support the partnership between units; (5) Promote social cohesion. The exertion of these functions will contribute to the practice of the above community values to a certain extent. Specific requirements (1) The content of community awareness community construction mainly depends on the needs of the community. A basic principle of community construction is to realize bottom-up community participation, enhance community members' attention and participation in community undertakings, help them find the most critical problems and cultivate self-help ability; And promote community development through the same work plan or project. Community consciousness is essentially a democratic sense of ownership. In other words, an individual has a sense of unity with his community and a sense of harmony with his heart. This sense of unity is rooted in the individual's intuition and attitude towards the community, and at the same time shows the psychological role of identification, care and participation. This is an emotional expression produced by the interaction between people and the community. Promote the free development and automatic adjustment of community members or groups, and fully develop the potential of community residents. (2) Social communication ability Community work is a changeable job. In the course of work, many problems will be involved, such as conflicts between different stakeholders, interpersonal problems, legal problems, cooperation and coordination problems, relations with various organizations and units in the community and so on. The promotion of community work is also quite complicated. It is not only necessary to solve problems, but more importantly, to promote the development and growth of community residents through participation, activities and work. All these require workers to have strong social communication skills, which are embodied in the following aspects: First, the diversity of communication objects puts high demands on workers' communication skills. Due to the needs of work, workers often have to contact residents of different ages, genders, nationalities, backgrounds and occupations, establish relationships with them, understand their problems and needs, and organize them to study, plan and implement their work. The lifestyle of community residents of different classes, strata and occupational groups is quite different, so workers are required to have the ability to communicate with all kinds of community members. However, the complexity of the communication environment requires the staff to have skilled communication skills. Communities with different working scenes have different requirements for staff's communication skills. Even if they really agree with the community environment, with the change of residents' attitudes and behaviors, communication methods and skills will also change. (3) Organizational Ability Community builders need to organize and mobilize community residents to participate in the overall construction. By integrating various resource refinement schemes and consulting specialized agencies, we can integrate the corresponding resources of community members, groups and * * * departments to meet the needs of the community and achieve community goals. It is the basic principle and characteristic of community construction to actively explore, organize, coordinate and utilize community resources. Community builders should be familiar with all kinds of resources, be good at organically combining all kinds of elements and balancing all aspects. The organizational ability of community builders is also manifested in the ability to organize specific related activities, such as meeting hosting, administrative management, program planning and knowledge and skills to promote social actions or movements. Excellent community builders can tap and utilize all potential through analysis, planning, review, encouragement, consultation, education and consultation. (D) Social responsibility community builders have a clear understanding of their position in the community and their responsibilities. According to Maslow's needs principle, every individual has five needs: physiology, safety, belonging and love, respect and self-realization. Community builders must take it as their responsibility to improve and give full play to the objects they create. Its purpose and goal is to help solve community problems, so that the community can get the welfare (rights protection) and ability (community empowerment) it deserves, without charging any fees. Community construction is a non-profit undertaking, and funds from * * * grants and private donations (such as enterprises) are mainly used for public welfare and home construction. Community builders should have lofty ideals, love and contribute to the community (home). Specific goal a) To promote residents' participation in solving their own problems and improve the social awareness of community residents; B) Adjust or improve community relations and reduce community conflicts; C) Encourage residents to participate in community affairs, strengthen neighborhood interaction and promote community autonomy; D) Give full play to the potential of residents, explore and train community leaders, and empower communities; E) Cultivate the virtues of caring and helping each other, and establish a sense of community belonging, honor and responsibility. Community construction can be understood from the following aspects: Community construction refers to that residents living in the community spontaneously organize many small groups, carry out autonomy, solve many community problems by themselves, live in harmony in large groups, resolve contradictions through consultation, and enhance residents' various abilities. The main goal of community construction is to help community residents meet community needs, solve community problems independently, and cultivate community members' sense of participation and mission; The deeper purpose is to tap residents' self-worth, increase residents' confidence and the right of community self-organization, improve the community environment, promote the realization of their self-worth, form community autonomy and establish a sustainable community. Ning Jun, a community builder with the main characteristics of locality, uniqueness, story, experience and life, seized the opportunity that Wenchuang Village in Zeng CuO 'an Village was listed as the pilot community of "Beautiful Xiamen * * * *" and promoted local merchants and young artists to participate in brand planning, space creation, organic renewal, social governance, organizational construction and policy formulation. In just over two years, the beautiful transformation of Zeng Cuo An Village Village from a village in the city to the most literary fishing village in China has been realized. With the deep participation of Ning Jun, the community construction in the old villa and the earth wall community on Huaxin Road in Xiamen took one year, which realized the improvement of the environment, the return of humanistic spirit and the cohesion of community culture, and won unanimous praise from all walks of life. Social Construction System Ning Jun innovatively established a CSMM community construction system based on the "five * * *" model and set up a community construction team. Case data 1. Case of community construction in Furukawa-CHO, Japan Furukawa-CHO was built in 1589. It is located in Sakamoto Prefecture, Kansai, Japan, with cities in the south, temples in the north, samurai residential areas in the east and merchant residential areas in the west. Furukawa-CHO is divided into three towns with beautiful scenery. Formerly a defensive city, it is now a distribution center for forestry and small materials, with a population of 15000- 16000. After 1970, the craze of "discovering Japan" set off a craze of creating leisure space in the historic district of Furukawa-CHO, Japan. Through the continuous efforts of all residents, the environment of the block has been greatly improved, and its successful and diverse activities and achievements in building blocks are one of the successful examples of building historical blocks. The success of Furukawa-CHO residential community construction is mainly attributed to four aspects: national mobilization, the inheritance and development of carpenter culture, the formation and regularization of "old rules" and the continuation of traditional festivals and customs. 2. The case of community construction in Taomi Village, Nantou County, Taichung, Taiwan Province, provides the reconstruction and regeneration experience of natural environment, traditional industries and interpersonal relationships in the disaster area. After the 92 1 earthquake, the New Hometown Cultural and Educational Foundation entered the Taomi community in Puli to help residents find a new direction for reconstruction and transformation from the landscape of their homes. Taomi residents go up and down, strive to create the ideal of ecological village, and beautify their homes and landscape facilities by means of ecological construction. Up to now, through sustainable education, we have sought new knowledge, trained instructors to spread the concept of ecological conservation, driven local residents to set up characteristic homestays, built DIY, flavor catering and rice washing workshops, and created employment opportunities for 1/4 community residents. Recently, the Paper Dome Learning Park was established, and you can experience how to turn a crisis into a turning point. 3. Tugou Community in Tainan City, Taiwan Province Province provides the experience of cooperation between rural areas and universities in community construction. It turned out to be in Tugou Village, Houqiang, Tainan County, a declining countryside. 200 1 establish tugou rural culture construction association to carry out community transformation. Thanks to the creative efforts of the association, the guiding groups of residents and colleges, cultural schools, grandmother's stoves, pigsty cafes and buffaloes were established, making this village a village. 4. Xizhimeng Community in Taibei County, Taiwan Province Province provides experience for private enterprises to participate in community construction through artistic activities. The Dream Foundation mainly aims to improve the quality of life and artistic atmosphere of the community, create demand for the community, and care for the living environment and this land. It takes restaurants, teahouses and talent classes operated in the community as its main sources of funds and income, and invites artists from all over the world to provide round-trip air tickets, meals and pocket money free of charge. The living part is provided by foundations and community residents. Because there are a variety of activities, it provides opportunities for community residents to show their creativity and participate, so that strangers in different places have a sense of glory, and then form community ties and cohesion. Dreams are no longer fantasy, but concrete ideal practice. 5. Taiwan Province Xinyi Housing Group's "Community No.1" Sponsorship Scheme In 2004, Mr. Zhou, Chairman of Taiwan Province Xinyi Housing, launched the "Community No.1" Community Sponsorship Scheme to encourage individuals or groups who are interested in making the community better to break down interpersonal barriers and work together for the further prosperity of the community. In the process of promotion, Xinyi Housing not only allocated funds, but also set up an expert advisory group, and gave the most practical suggestions for the implementation of the activities, gradually breaking the indifferent relationship and enhancing the interaction between people. Witnessed the process of many community spaces from barren to wonderful, strung up happiness, established trust and respect, and further enhanced the vitality and quality of community creation. As of 20 14, Xinyi Housing has successfully promoted the Community Happiness Action Plan 10, and has sponsored NT$ 200 million in total, successfully helping Taiwan Province 127 1 community realize their dreams. A Case Study of Puhan cun Community in Yongji, Shanxi Pu han cun Community spans two towns, Zhou Pu and Han Yang in Yongji, Shanxi Province, 43 natural villages, with 40,000 mu of cultivated land, 4,300 households and nearly 20,000 people. The rural community in Puhan takes farmers' association as the organizational carrier, taking into account the comprehensive development of economy, society and culture, and creating a "comprehensive rural community" governance model. In this mode, farmers are effectively organized and explore a comprehensive development path of "getting rich together and speaking collectively". In the rural community of Puhan, farmers raised their own funds and operated independently, forming the integration of 22 economic cooperatives and 10 social organizations, restoring the lifestyle of mutual assistance and cooperation in rural society, rebuilding social trust and credit, promoting the growth of organizational assets and farmers' income by integrating the collective strength of agricultural cooperatives, restoring the self-confidence and self-reliance of scattered small farmers, and making rural grass-roots society full of vitality. Based on community life, Chengdu community construction project gathers various social forces and resources, and through the mobilization and action of people in the community, the community completes the process of self-organization, self-governance and self-development. "We hope to build more trust and contact between neighbors in the community and make the community warmer, instead of living in the same building and closing the door." Yesterday, the action plan for sustainable overall construction of urban and rural communities in Chengdu was officially launched. 100 project was funded by Chengdu civil affairs bureau with 8.2 million yuan, and 100 warm community construction was launched in an all-round way. "Community building" is still a relatively unfamiliar word in China. A person in charge of the grassroots political power and community construction department of the Civil Affairs Bureau concluded: "Community construction is to connect individuals in the community into a whole, so that everyone has a sense of responsibility and participation, play a leading role, and make their living environment better. For a small example, for example, everyone lives in a community. Some people get off work early, and parents who get off work late can rest assured that their children will go to their neighbors' homes to study and play. This was the norm a few decades ago, but now every family has to pick up their children, and their trust in the neighborhood is weak. "According to reports, Chengdu Civil Affairs Bureau funded 100 community construction projects with 8.2 million yuan, which has no precedent in the country. The reporter visited 100 funded projects, some organized community reading activities, some organized community environmental protection actions, some paid attention to the lives of retired elderly people in the community, and some devoted themselves to the safety education of left-behind children. " Because the situation of each community is different, the starting point of community construction is naturally different. "The person in charge explained.