The original text and annotations of the twelve chapters of the Analects of Confucius are translated as follows:

1. The next day: learn from the times, isn't it? Is it not delightful to have friends coming from distant quarters? Isn't it a gentleman if people don't know? Confucius said: isn't it pleasant to review and practice often after learning? Isn't it nice to have like-minded people coming from afar? People don't know me, and I don't resent or get angry. Isn't that a virtuous gentleman?

2. Zeng Zi said: I visit myself three times a day, and I am unfaithful for others. Make friends without believing them? Can you pass it on? Ceng Zi said: I have to reflect on myself many times every day and give advice and do things for others. Is it faithful? Are friends trustworthy? Have you reviewed the knowledge taught by the teacher?

3. Ziri: I am determined to learn five times out of ten, standing at 3, not confused at 4, knowing my destiny at 5, listening at 6, and doing what I want at 7, without overstepping the bounds.

Confucius said: I am fifteen years old, interested in learning, and thirty years old. I know manners and am sure of what I say and do. At the age of forty, I have mastered all kinds of knowledge and will not be confused; At the age of fifty, I learned my destiny; At the age of 6, when you listen to other people's words, you can distinguish between true and false and judge right and wrong; At the age of seventy, you can do whatever you want, and no idea will go beyond the rules.

4. Confucius said: You can learn new things by reviewing old ones, so you can be a teacher. Confucius said: when reviewing old knowledge, you can understand new things, so you can be a teacher by looking at it.

5. Confucius said: Learning without thinking is useless, and thinking without learning is dangerous. Confucius said: if you only read without thinking, you will be confused and gain nothing; Just dreaming without reading is in danger.

6. Confucius said: When you are a virtuous man, you can have a meal and a ladle of water. In a mean lane, people can't bear their worries, and you won't change your pleasure when you go back. Xian zai hui also. Confucius said: How noble the quality of Yan Hui is! Living in a humble hut with a pot of rice and a ladle of water, others can't stand this kind of poverty, but Yan Hui didn't change his interest in learning. How noble the quality of Yan Hui is!

7. Confucius said: Those who know are not as good as those who are good, and those who are good are not as good as those who are happy. Confucius said: for learning, people who know how to learn are not as good as those who like learning; People who like learning are not as good as those who take learning as fun.

8. Confucius said: Eating vegetables and drinking water, bending the brain and resting on it, is also fun, and being unjust, rich and expensive is like a cloud to me. Confucius said: I enjoy eating humble food and cold water and using it as a pillow when bending my hands. It's like floating clouds to me to make myself rich and honorable by improper means.

9. Confucius said: In a threesome, there must be a teacher. Choose the good and follow it, and change the bad. Confucius said: When several people walk together, there must be my teacher. I will choose their strengths to learn, and I will correct their shortcomings.

1. Zi Zaichuan said: The deceased is like a husband, never giving up day and night. Confucius said by the river: Time goes by like a river, day and night.

11. Ziri: The three armies can win the handsome position, but ordinary men can't win the ambition. Confucius said: the commander-in-chief of the three armed forces can be captured, and the ambition of ordinary people cannot be changed. The three armed forces: In ancient times, the armed forces were divided into Zuo Jun, Zhongjun and Youjun, which were collectively called the three armed forces. In this generation refers to the whole army. Seize ambition: change your ambition.

12. Midsummer: erudite and determined, eager to ask and close to thinking, benevolence is among them. Zi Xia said: read widely, study extensively, strengthen your ambition, ask questions earnestly, and think more about current affairs, and benevolence is among them.

Note:

1. Three provinces: conducted self-inspection for many times. Third, it refers to many times. Say, actually refers to three aspects. Save self-examination and introspection.

2. Shun: There are many explanations for this, and it is generally considered that different opinions can be heard.

3. Review the past and gain new knowledge: review the knowledge you have learned and you can gain new understanding and experience.

4, Wang: confused, which means feeling confused and at a loss.

5. Man: refers to the man among the common people, which generally refers to the common people here.

6. Ask questions earnestly and think closely: ask questions earnestly and think more about current affairs. Seriously, earnestly.