1. Urgently looking for ancient stories about Liu Bang and Xiang Yu (not too long, 3 articles, urgent)

1. Hongmen Banquet "Hongmen Banquet" was created by Sima Qian, a historian and writer in the Han Dynasty A historical biography of Xiang Yu from "Historical Records: The Chronicles of Xiang Yu".

The article describes a banquet held by Xiang Yu and Liu Bang, the leaders of the two anti-Qin armies after the fall of the Qin Dynasty (in 206 BC), at Hongmen on the outskirts of Xianyang, the capital of the Qin Dynasty. The full text is centered on Liu Bang's visit to Xiang camp to plead guilty, and is divided into three parts before going to camp and after escaping from the banquet. It begins with Cao Wushang's report and Xiang Yu's decision to attack, and ends with Xiang Yu receiving the jade and Cao Wushang being executed. The two issues of launching an attack and whether Liu Bang can escape safely unfold the story step by step.

2. Besieged on all sides - "Historical Records of Xiang Yu" written by Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty. Xiang Yu and Liu Bang originally agreed to use the east and west sides of the divide (in the Jialu River in Rong County, Henan today) as the boundary to prevent mutual infringement. Later, Liu Bang followed the advice of Zhang Liang and Chen Ping and felt that Xiang Yu should be eliminated while he was weak, so he joined forces with Han Xin, Peng Yue, and Liu Jia to pursue Xiang Yu's troops heading east to Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu).

Finally, several layers of troops were deployed and Xiang Yu was tightly surrounded by Gaixia (in the southeast of today's Lingbi County, Anhui). At this time, Xiang Yu had very few soldiers and no food.

At night, when he heard the troops surrounding him singing folk songs of Chu, he couldn't help but be very surprised and said: "Has Liu Bang already obtained Chu? Why are there so many Chu people in his army?" . After saying that, he had lost his fighting spirit, so he got up from the bed, drank wine in the tent, and sang with his favorite concubine Yu Ji.

After singing, I burst into tears. The people nearby were also very sad and felt unable to lift their heads. After a while, Xiang Yu mounted his horse, took the remaining 800 cavalry, and broke out from the south to escape.

Fleeing and fighting at the same time, he went to the Wujiang River and committed suicide. 3. Ambush from Daggers - The Battle of Haixia ("The Chronicles of Gaozu" by Sima Qian of the Western Han Dynasty) During the Chu-Han conflict, Han King Liu Bang reused Han Xin from Huaiyin, and successively captured Wei Wang Bao, Zhao Wang Xie, Yan Wang Zang Tu, and Qi Wang Tian Guang alive.

He was named Queen Qi by Liu Bang and led an army of 300,000 to join Peng Yue's army and besieged Xiang Yu in Gaixia (southeast of Lingbi County, Suzhou City, Anhui Province today). He adopted the tactic of ambush from all sides, forcing Xiang Yu to Wujiang committed suicide and achieved a decisive victory.

Extended information: Xiang Yu's personal experience: In his early years, he followed his uncle Xiang Liang in the uprising against Qin in Wuzhong.

After Xiang Liang was killed, he led his army across the river. Rescued King Xie of Zhao. In the Battle of Julu, he defeated the main force of the Qin army led by Zhang Han and Wang Li, and led the army to destroy the Qin State.

Claimed to be the overlord of Western Chu, and established his capital in Pengcheng (now Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province). The great generals who defeated the Qin Dynasty and established the descendants of the nobles of the six countries as kings. Liu Bang, the king of Han, set off a four-year conflict between Chu and Han.

Xiang Yu repeatedly defeated Liu Bang in the front. Destroyed the supplies of the Chu army.

Han Xin unified the north of the Yellow River and marched south. Xiang Yu was stubborn and suspicious of his father Fan Zeng.

In 202 BC, Xiang Yu retreated. Gaixia (now Lingbi County, Anhui), broke out of Wujiang (now Wujiang Town, Hexian County, Anhui). Finally, Farewell My Concubine committed suicide by the Wujiang River.

Baidu Encyclopedia - Besieged on all sides Baidu Encyclopedia - Hongmen Banquet Baidu Encyclopedia - Shimian. Ambush. 2. Classical Chinese essays about Liu Bang

Gaozu said: "We know the first, but we don't know the second. I am able to make plans in the tent and win a battle thousands of miles away. I am not as good as the ovary. To control the country, I am not as good as Xiao He in pacifying the people, feeding them with bread, and constantly supplying them with food. I am not as good as Han Xin in defeating an army of millions, and I am not as good as Han Xin. These three are all outstanding people, and I can use them. To conquer the world, Xiang Yu has an increased number of followers but cannot use them, so I have to capture him.

” From "The Book of Han·The Chronicles of Emperor Gaozu"

Translation: In terms of strategizing and decisive victory thousands of miles away, I am not as good as Zhang Liang; in terms of comforting the people and supplying food and grass, I am not as good as Xiao He; in terms of leading millions of troops , a decisive battle on the battlefield, a hundred battles victorious, I am not as good as Han Xin. However, I can know people well and make full use of their talents. This is the real reason for our victory. As for Xiang Yu, he only had Fan Zeng available, but he was suspicious of him. This was the reason for his final failure. 3. Xiang Yu's Classical Chinese

Xiang Ji, a person with the courtesy name Yu.

When he started to rebel against Qin, he was twenty-four years old. His younger uncle was Xiang Liang, and Xiang Liang's father was Xiang Yan, the general of Chu State, who was killed by Qin general Wang Jian.

The Xiang family served as a general of the Chu State for several lifetimes and was granted the title of Xiang Di (originally a small vassal state in the Western Zhou Dynasty, and later the city of Chu), so the surname was Xiang. When Xiang Ji was a boy, he gave up learning to read and write without completing it; he also learned fencing and other martial arts, but he also failed.

Xiang Liang was very angry with him. But Xiang Ji said: "Writing can be used to remember names.

Swordsmanship can be resisted by one person, so it is not worth learning. You need to learn the skill (that is, the art of war) that can be resisted by thousands of people. ”

So Xiang Liang taught Xiang Ji military knowledge. Xiang Ji was very happy and roughly understood the meaning of the art of war, but he refused to complete his studies.

...Xiang Liang killed someone and ran to Wudi with Xiang Yu to avoid his enemies. He and Xiang Yu fled to Wuzhong County together. The talented upper class people in Wuzhong County are all exposed below Xiang Liang.

Whenever there was large-scale corvee work (labor that ancient rulers forced people to bear, such as civil engineering, etc.) and funeral matters in Wuzhong County, Xiang Liang often took charge of the arrangements for them, secretly using military arrangements to restrain guests and guests. Young people in Wuzhong understand their abilities based on this. When Qin Shihuang visited Kuaiji County and crossed Zhejiang Province, Xiang Liang and Xiang Ji went to watch it together.

Xiang Ji said, "I can replace that man!" Xiang Liang covered his mouth and said, "Don't talk nonsense, (otherwise) you will be exterminated!" Xiang Liang therefore thought that Xiang Ji was different Commonplace. Xiang Ji was more than eight feet tall, strong enough to lift a tripod, and his talent and courage were beyond ordinary people. Even the local young people in Wuzhong were afraid of him.

4. The ancient text "Hongmen Banquet" analyzes the character traits of Liu Bang and Xiang Yu

1. The two main protagonists in the conflict between Chu and Han. Xiang Yu and Liu Bang are the two main protagonists in the conflict between Chu and Han in Chinese history. Xiang Yu is unstoppable. The 27-year-old overlord, Liu Bang, is an old man who is over 50 years old; after Xiang Yu became a famous general, Liu Bang was an unknown farmer's boy; Xiang Yu received strict training as a general, but Liu Bang himself was not a general, and he gathered a lot of mobs; later Xiang Yu He dominated the world and was at the height of his power, but Liu Bang was only named King of Han, and the land he occupied was remote and dangerous. However, the wheel of history experienced a dramatic reversal of disparity between strengths and weaknesses: Xiang Yu was defeated and committed suicide at the age of 32. Everyone lost; Liu Bang inherited Qin Shihuang's unified pattern, conquered the world, and created the Han Dynasty that lasted for four hundred years. How did this historical showdown, known as the "Lion vs. Jackal" battle, come into being? of? And why has it become a classic lesson that future generations review again and again? 2. Their most common characteristics are the courage to act and turn crises into opportunities. Their most common characteristics are: having the courage to dream big, bold behavior that does not care about worldly evaluations, and extraordinary tolerance and patience. Strength, the ability to turn crises into opportunities. But why are their situations so different? Xiang Yu - lacks patience, has high vision but low skill, but he has strong self-confidence and is active in doing things. Liu Bang - goes his own way and likes to brag, but he is generous and good at making friends. Xiang Yu's failure is the result of over-reliance on the military. He was born The general aristocrat rose up during the turmoil of Qin Shihuang's Great Qin Empire. He possessed military talent like a god in using troops. In just three years, he led the five-nation coalition forces directly into Xianyang, the capital of Qin, and ended the Great Qin Empire. He became famous as the overlord; With his natural military talents and strict military training, he gradually made amazing military achievements at the age of twenty-seven. He had unique insights in military use, dared to take risks, and was good at uniting the hearts of his soldiers with strong spiritual power, forming a Strong strength. He was supposed to be the next person to control the world after Qin Shihuang. However, after several years of confrontation with Liu Bang, who was twice his age and had a rough background, he suffered a complete defeat in the "Chu-Han War for Hegemony". The feeling of being besieged on all sides. Although he was good at fighting, his political strategy was no match for the wily Liu Bang. After destroying the Qin Dynasty, he made a series of misguided actions such as disturbing the people, burning the palace, sealing the king, and killing the Righteous Emperor, which triggered widespread public dissatisfaction and rebellions among the kings. Finally, he was good at bribery. Liu Bang, who had full wings in the hearts of the people, laid an unbreakable trap. His dominance was short-lived and his successes failed. However, there was a huge reversal in which everything was lost.

Liu Bang was brilliant in knowing people well, being magnanimous, and preferring to fight wits rather than strength. This is exactly why Liu Bang was able to stand out from the turbulent and changeable era. 3. Reasons for Xiang Yu’s failure 1 , lacks strategy and vision, and does not have the qualifications to be a politician. Reading Sima Qian's "Historical Records", we learned: Xiang Yu is a hero. He is born with supernatural power, "all the children of Wuzhong are afraid of him". His ambitions are broad and lofty. He is very trustworthy, and only because of his promise After receiving Xiang Bo's advice to "kindly encounter" Liu Bang, he ignored his father's "three warnings" and let Liu Bang go from the trap at the Hongmen Banquet. When the army was defeated in Wujiang, he refused to board the lifeboat of the pavilion leader of Wujiang. Facing the jungle fighting behind him, he smiled in the face of death, and his spirit was so heroic. The hero Xiang Yu finally committed suicide and died. A sad song sounded in his ears: "Strengthening the mountain, the world is overwhelming, but the times are unfavorable, and the spirit will not die. The spirit will not break." What can I do, what can I do?" Xiang Yu attributed the failure to bad luck until his death. However, was it really just bad luck? Some people say: Xiang Yu's biggest mistake was not listening to his adviser Fan Zeng's words at the Hongmen Banquet, and even letting the "tiger" return to the mountain, which led to his final failure. This failure shows that Xiang Yu is a man who cannot see the direction politically. How can a true and false person, who is unable to act wisely in a dangerous situation and turn danger into something easy, lead others to success? 2. There are extremely serious flaws in Xiang Yu’s character. 1. Short-sightedness, complacency, bravery, lack of magnanimity, and lack of magnanimity. A careful reading of history books shows that there are extremely serious flaws in Xiang Yu’s character: he has high ambitions but short-sightedness; He is vain and has a self-satisfied peasant consciousness; he is brave in everything but wise in the end, more than cruel but not kind enough; he lacks the temperament of a monarch who is willing to give advice and be magnanimous. This determines that in his life, he should only be a powerful man. He is a general, but he does not have an emperor's mind. His real mistake was not in killing Liu Bang, but in his own character weakness that he could not overcome. Even if he killed Liu Bang at the Hongmen Banquet, he would still be defeated by Liu Bang in the future. Zhang Bang, Wang Bang, Li Bang. 2. More than cruelty, not enough kindness; lack of the monarch's temperament of being obedient to advice and magnanimous. Let's take a look at a few short fragments in "Historical Records": Xin'an. Zhang Han led his troops to surrender. Xiang Yu did not supervise the surrendered soldiers well and use them for his own purposes, but because he was afraid that the surrendered soldiers would not obey, he "attacked and pitted more than 200,000 Qin soldiers at night." He wanted to use an army of 400,000 to defeat Liu Bang's army of 100,000. Liu Bang was afraid and hurriedly won over Xiang Yu's father Xiang Bo. He bowed and proclaimed himself a minister and praised King Xiang. Xiang Yu was obviously very pleased with himself and felt quite proud, so he listened to Xiang Bo's words and "met Liu Bang kindly". .This is the eternal regret that Fan Zeng "numbered King Xiang" at the Hongmen Banquet, but "King Xiang silently responded". After entering the Pass, Xiang Yu "led his troops to the west to massacre Xianyang, killed Prince Jiang Ying of Qin, burned Qin's palace, and burned March." If it is not destroyed, collect its goods, treasures and women and go east. This will greatly disappoint the people of Qin. After Qin was destroyed, someone advised Xiang Yu: "Guanzhong is blocked by mountains and rivers, and the land is fertile, so I can dominate them all." At this time, Xiang Yu had his heart in mind. He wanted to return home and said: "If a person does not return to his hometown when he is rich, it is like walking at night with good clothes on. Who knows?" Seeing that Xiang Yu has such a short-sightedness, the persuader could not help but feel cold and discouraged, and said: "People say that people in Chu "Monkeys are bathed and ears are crowned", and it turns out that Xiang Yu was furious when he heard it and called him "cooker". In the winter of the second year of the Han Dynasty, Tian Rong rebelled due to improper enfeoffment. After Xiang Yu put down the rebellion, "all of them betrayed Tian Rong and surrendered." He killed, captured his old and weak women, and took them to Beihai, where many of them were destroyed." There is no need to list such examples one by one. Xiang Yu's character weakness has been throughout his life, and he seems to have no intention of changing it. This is very important to a man who has great For a hero with lofty ambitions and ideals, it is his.

5. Classical Chinese Liu Bang discusses success and failure. Translate this classical Chinese article

Internet excerpt: Original text: Emperor Gaozu bought wine in Luoyang Nangong. Emperor Gaozu said: "No princes or generals dare to hide me, but they all express their feelings. That's why I have the world." What is the reason why the Xiang family lost the world?" Gao Qi and Wang Ling said to each other: "Your Majesty is arrogant and insulting, but Xiang Yu is kind and loving. However, your Majesty sent people to attack the city and seize the territory, so those who surrendered will benefit from it. Also, Xiang Yu was jealous of the virtuous and capable. He harmed those who had merit and doubted those who were virtuous. He defeated others without giving credit to others. He gained territory without benefiting others. This is why he lost the world." Gaozu said: "Everyone knows one of them, but he doesn't know the other. 2. I am not as good as Xiao He who can control the country, care for the people, provide wages, and never cut off the food supply. I am not as good as Xiao He. Even with an army of millions, I am sure to win. If you attack, you must capture them, but I am not as good as Han Xin. These three are all outstanding people, and I can use them, so I conquer the world. Xiang Yu has an increased number of followers but cannot use them, so he is captured by me." Translation: Gaozu's in Luoyang A cocktail party was held in the Nangong Palace. Emperor Gaozu said, "All princes and generals, please don't hide anything from me. Tell me frankly, why can I gain the world? Why did the Xiang family lose the world?" Gao Qi and Wang Ling replied, "Your Majesty is arrogant. He likes to insult people, but Xiang Yu is kind and caring. However, His Majesty sent people to attack the city and capture the territory. After capturing the city, he granted it to him, which was consistent with everyone's interests. However, Xiang Yu was jealous of the virtuous and capable, and the meritorious people were framed, and the virtuous people were framed. A man is under suspicion, and when he wins a battle, he does not give any reward for his merits. When he conquers a land, he does not benefit anyone. This is why he loses the world." Gaozu said: "You only know one, but not the other. When it comes to planning and planning, I am not as good as Zhang Liang, who manages the country, appeases the people, transports military supplies, and makes transportation routes smooth. I am not as good as Xiao He, who leads an army of millions and is sure to win every battle and defeat every attack. Han Xin. These three people are all outstanding talents, and I can appoint them. This is the reason why I can conquer the world. Xiang Yu has Fan Zeng under his command, but he cannot appoint him. This is the reason why he failed."