The main route of HBV entering the blood:
① Vertical mother-to-child transmission: There are about 65.438+0.4 billion HBsAg positive people in China, of which mother-to-child transmission accounts for 85%. Vertical transmission is the main reason for the spread and high incidence of hepatitis B in China. There are also some father-son communicators. Mother-to-child transmission is mainly through birth canal infection or intrauterine infection.
② Transmission of blood or blood products: Most blood products contaminated by HBV, such as albumin, platelets or blood, will have hepatitis after blood transfusion, and HBV will also be infected during hemodialysis and renal dialysis.
③ Iatrogenic transmission: medical instruments contaminated by HBV (such as scalpels, dental drills, endoscopes, laparoscopy, etc.). ) can spread HBV.
④ Close family contact: it mainly refers to sexual contact and close contact in daily life (such as using toothbrushes, towels, teacups and chopsticks), which may be infected by HBV. HBV can enter the body of close contacts through the damaged mucosa.
⑤ Public places, barber shops, beauty salons, etc. Are easily contaminated by HBV, such as baths and razors, can be infected with HBV.
preventive measure
First of all, mother-to-child transmission is the main route of transmission of hepatitis B in China, which has been highly valued in China. Since 1980s, infants born to HBsAg-positive pregnant women have been injected with hepatitis B vaccine. After 20 years' efforts, the proportion of HBsAg carriers among babies born in Shanghai has dropped from 9.8% to 0.5%. Therefore, we can proudly say that in the near future, the number of HBsAg carriers in China will be significantly reduced, and hepatitis B is completely preventable. Secondly, strictly screen blood donors to ensure that medical blood and blood products are not contaminated.
Finally, to strengthen the treatment of patients with hepatitis B, interferon-α is the first choice for chronic active hepatitis B, and to strengthen the popularization of health knowledge and develop good health habits. Through the above measures, I believe that in the near future, the number of patients with hepatitis B will be greatly reduced.
The key to eliminating hepatitis B lies in prevention. Hepatitis B virus can be transmitted in two ways:
Transmission through blood: such as transfusion of whole blood, plasma, serum or other blood products. Tropical and subtropical mosquitoes and various blood-sucking insects may spread hepatitis B virus.
Mother-to-child transmission: pregnant women are carriers of hepatitis B, which is directly transmitted to newborns through the birth canal.
Transmission of body fluids: If medical equipment is contaminated by hepatitis B virus, it will be infected due to incomplete disinfection or improper handling. The spread of sexual contact. Long-term close contact with hepatitis B patients or carriers, such as saliva, urine, blood, bile, milk, etc., will cause pollution and spread hepatitis B.
/00news/content.aspx？ Data = health and health. id=759
Health/2005-03/02/content _ 2637863.htm
Once upon a time, a couple of rural youths went to the physical examination hospital for a pre-marital physical examination three days before marriage. Results the woman found out that hepatitis B was a big three-yang disease, and the man had no problem. The girl cried on the spot, so sad that the man's parents also announced their disapproval of his son's marriage with the girl and stopped the marriage.
Although the doctor did ideological work for the boy and his family at that time, telling them that hepatitis B can be treated and will not affect marriage and children, the marriage failed because of the man's deep-rooted fear of hepatitis B. Although the girl's illness was finally cured, the psychological shadow could not be eliminated for a long time.
This case shows that many people now have a fear of hepatitis B, and coupled with some inappropriate publicity in society, many people are even afraid of contacting hepatitis B patients, let alone making friends and getting married. So, how to treat patients with hepatitis B correctly, especially how to treat his girlfriend with hepatitis B as a boy? Let's talk about it from several aspects:
I. Epidemic situation:
At present, there are 654.38+0.2 billion hepatitis B carriers in China, including 40-50 million women. If so many girls can't make friends, get married and have children, how many bachelors will there be in China?
Second, the difference between hepatitis B and hepatitis B virus carriers:
Many people in the society confuse these two concepts, thinking that as long as HBSAG(+) is detected, it is hepatitis B. In fact, there is a big difference between the two. Real hepatitis B has clinical symptoms, with repeated abnormal liver function for half a year or so, uneven B-ultrasound spots, positive hepatitis B markers or variant strains of hepatitis B. Hepatitis B carriers have no clinical symptoms, only positive hepatitis B markers, and normal liver function B-ultrasound for more than half a year to 1 year, and do not have an attack for many years.
Third, how contagious is hepatitis B girlfriend?
Infectious depends on the girlfriend's virus replication and the man's resistance. If the man has the immune antibody HB-SAB(+), he will not be infected. Injection of hepatitis B vaccine can prevent negative immune antibody.
Fourth, can hepatitis B girlfriends infect family, colleagues and friends?
No. Hepatitis B is a digestive tract-borne disease, not a respiratory tract-borne disease, that is, it is transmitted through body fluids. The so-called body fluid infection includes the transfusion of blood containing hepatitis B virus, the use of unclean syringes, and the presence of hepatitis B virus on the instruments used for tooth extraction. Hepatitis B virus can spread only when it enters the blood.
If you talk face to face with hepatitis B patients, saliva with bacteria will attach to the damaged parts of normal people and enter the blood. Normal people are likely to be infected with hepatitis B. Under normal circumstances, eating and talking will not cause hepatitis B infection.
5. Can hepatitis B marry a girlfriend?
From a medical point of view, as long as the girlfriend is not in the onset of hepatitis, or has not been diagnosed with posthepatitic cirrhosis, you can get married. If your girlfriend is only a healthy carrier of hepatitis B, you can get married even more. As for the above example, why did you break up? You need to find reasons in other ways.
6. Can you get pregnant after marrying your girlfriend with hepatitis B?
If the girlfriend's acute hepatitis B is basically cured and stable for more than 6 months, and the chronic hepatitis reaches the improvement standard and stable for more than 1 year, she can be pregnant.
7. Will a wife with hepatitis B give birth to a child and pass the virus on to the child?
At present, the prevention of hepatitis B is comprehensive and successful. As long as the prevention is carried out under the guidance of hepatologists, that is, pregnant women and newborns implement "three gears"-injecting high titer hepatitis B immunoglobulin in time within 24 hours after birth, and then injecting hepatitis B vaccine in February, March and May, the infection of hepatitis B virus can be effectively prevented, and the success rate is over 95%, that is, more than 95% newborns will not be infected with hepatitis B.
In short, hepatitis B patients need people's understanding and support, and hepatitis B girlfriends need boyfriends to love them more.