Fan Middle School Students' Experience in Reading The Scholars
The Scholars is a masterpiece of China's literature and satirical art, and also a mirror of feudal society. Through the vivid description of feudal literati, bureaucrats, gentry and street hooligans, it made people have a profound understanding of the feudal society at that time, involving the political system, social morality and social atmosphere at that time.
When it comes to reading history, it is necessary to talk about the realm of reading history and borrow the three realms in Buddhism: "Looking at mountains is mountains, looking at water is water; Seeing mountains is not mountains, and seeing water is not water; See mountains or mountains, see water or water. " The realm of reading history may vary from person to person, but it will probably not deviate from these three meanings: the first realm is to look only at the appearance of history, "seeing mountains is mountains and water is water"; The second realm is to see the essence of society at that time through historical appearances, "seeing mountains is not mountains, and seeing water is not water"; The third realm is to extract the consciousness that can be used in today's society through the understanding of history, and apply it to today's society, "see mountains or mountains, see water or water."
The old man at leisure said that "a scholar, regardless of his personality, should take himself as a mirror", which is only the first level of reading The Scholars. Through the scholars' in-depth understanding of the thoughts of the rulers of feudal society at that time, and by setting up the subject of erudition and macro-speech as bait, they imprisoned the scholars with the stereotyped examination and imperial examination, and dealt with the intellectuals with neo-Confucianism. Among them, the imperial examination system is the most harmful and influential, which makes many intellectuals fall into the trap of pursuing wealth and become rulers' dolls and useless scholars. The Scholars reflected the objective reality of the feudal society at that time, but it was purely a matter of people's subjective consciousness that the Scholars were obsessed with art and fame and fortune, and could not see the social reality at that time. Wu is "everyone is drunk, I wake up alone", and he deeply hopes to wake up the world, or even greater. He wants to save society and save the world.
If this is really the purpose of Wu's writing The Scholars, then his ideological system is worth learning from responsible people in today's society, which should be the primary content of reading The Scholars at the third level. A responsible person in today's society should, like Wu, understand society and things with a clear vision and accurate judgment, accurately show and expose society, understand the nature of society and things, master its development law, distinguish right from wrong, attract people to love and enjoy customs, or save the world because of worrying about customs, thus promoting social progress and development. We must not look at society and things with selfish eyes and be cynical.
Middle school students' experience in reading Confucian scholars' foreign history: Fan
The Scholars is a famous satirical novel by China. Wu, the author, recreates an interesting story in an examination room at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty with humorous and sharp brushwork. The main characters of the story are mostly folk literati. The author's dissatisfaction with real life and expectation of changing such a gloomy world are expressed by praising many upright Confucian scholars and lashing corrupt politicians. The novel begins with a description of a young man named Wang Mian in Zhuji County, Zhejiang Province. Because of his poor family, he has been herding cattle for others since he was a child. He is smart and studious. His lotus paintings are vivid, well-read and brilliant. He doesn't want to make friends, let alone pursue fame and fortune. The county magistrate came to inspect and couldn't hide; Zhu Yuanzhang gave him the position of "counselor joining the army", but he didn't accept it. He willingly fled to Kuaiji Mountain and lived an anonymous life.
This book also reveals that the imperial examination system has trained a group of mediocre people. For example, Xiu Caihui, after he was appointed as the magistrate of Nanchang, the first thing he did when he took office was not to ask about local law and order, nor about people's lives, nor about the grievances of the case, but to inquire about local people's feelings, understand what local specialties are, and what places can be accommodated in various cases; Then customized a No.1 library, handed over all six rooms in the yamen, asked about the profits of various errands, and asked everyone to transfer the money back to the government. From then on, the sound of castanets, abacus and boards was heard all day in the yamen. Chiefs and people were beaten out of their wits one by one, shivering in their sleep. And his own creed is "three years to clear the magistrate, 100 thousand snowflakes and silver." When the imperial court inspected his achievements, it was agreed that he was "the first able man in Jiangxi".
This book not only exposes that the imperial examination system deprives people of their rights, but also criticizes that the imperial examination system is an accomplice of feudal ethics. For example, Wang Yuhui, a poor scholar in Huizhou Prefecture, was over 60 years old and failed in the imperial examination every year, but stuck to the ethical code. His third son-in-law died, and his daughter wanted to be martyred, but his in-laws refused. Instead, he advised his in-laws to let his daughter die. He said to his daughter, "Son, since you are like this, this is a matter of going down in history. Should I stop you? " Do it. "Eight days later, his daughter, dressed in white mourning, died of hunger strike. He smiled and said, "Good death! Good death! "But after the incident, when his daughter's spirit tablet was sent to the martyr's shrine for public sacrifice, he suddenly felt sad. When he came home to see his wife's grief, he really couldn't bear it and left home to play. Along the way, he observed a moment of silence for his daughter. When he arrived in Huqiu, Suzhou, he saw a young woman in white on board, but suddenly he remembered his daughter who was martyred in mourning. His heart choked and tears rolled down.
The book also lists an example of "Jin Fan's move": Jin Fan of old boys in the Ming Dynasty failed in the imperial examination repeatedly, and was admitted to the scholar only at the age of 54, and then admitted to the Jinshi. Fan Jinzhong received a lot of cold eyes at home before he got together. His wife called him around and his father-in-law scolded him in every way. When Jin Fan's family was worried about selling chickens for rice, there was a happy news that Jin Fan had been recovered from the collection. After learning the good news, he was ecstatic. Fortunately, his father-in-law slapped him in the face before waking him up and curing his madness. In the blink of an eye, Jin Fan's luck changed. He not only has money, rice and a house, but also slaves and maids. Jin Fan's mother was breathless with joy and died in the West. Butcher Hu is also uncharacteristic.
"The Scholars", a volume, tells the story of rain and snow in the scholars for a hundred years, which is both bitter and bitter.
Middle school students' experience in reading Confucian scholars' foreign history: Fan Wensan
"Fame and fortune have no credentials, and I have tried my best to make mistakes. Drink three glasses of turbid wine and the water will flow. " This is the first sentence of a scholar. It can be said that this is also the soul of the whole book.
Although these words are commonplace, how many people can really understand people? It is this sentence that has harmed a group of scholars. They regard reading as a stepping stone-"Books have their own golden rooms, books have their own happiness, books have their own beautiful mothers ..." For money and wealth, they can study all night, from black hair to white hair: Liang Hao, who won the first prize at the age of 80, and Zhou Jin, a "little friend", have been very happy to be on the list for decades. Then it is not an exaggeration to call the feudal imperial examination system a system that harms people.
Reading actually emphasizes a long process of seeking knowledge. Wang Guowei said it very well. Reading is divided into three realms: "Last night, the west wind withered the green trees, and I went to the West Building alone to look at the horizon." This is my determination. "I won't regret it when my clothes get wider, and I am haggard for Iraq." This is a struggle. "Looking for him in the crowd for thousands of Baidu, suddenly looking back, that person is in the dim light" This is the final success. And those who are bent on seeking fame in the Confucian forest, the first step-determination, went wrong. In my opinion, reading is a process in which one constantly absorbs spiritual food. The most important thing is to absorb it and then turn it into your own strength.
This is consistent with the effect of three meals a day: eating, absorbing nutrition, and then promoting self-growth. It's a pity that some students in the Confucian forest only pay attention to "food", that is, they study for decades, but ignore absorption. For them, reading is just a tool to knock on the door of wealth. Once the goal is achieved, this tool is worthless. These people, even if they study all their lives, will not have any knowledge to absorb and transform into their own strength. These books are useless except that they are malnourished.
Of course, there are also people in the Confucian forest who are "drunk and awake alone, turbid and clear alone". Wang Mian is one of them. Because of his poor family, he has been herding cattle for his neighbors since childhood. On the cow's back, he still reads widely, and even taught himself to be a famous pen for painting boneless flowers. From then on, from ordinary people to rich people in the magistrate's county came to ask for paintings. However, Wang Mian has a different temperament and does not seek official positions. The court wrote to Zhejiang Political Department to recruit Wang Mian as an official, but he lived in seclusion in Huiji Mountain. Later generations often call Wang Mian Wang Shenjun. But did Wang Mian ever become an official? Can be in front of fame, inner peace, unmoved, and only Wang Mian these scholars phoenix feather scale Angle.
Today, hundreds of years later, I want to read The Scholars carefully. Sometimes I sigh for the vulgarity and absurdity of scholars and celebrities at that time. With his humorous language, Wu vividly portrayed the decadent and dark side of the imperial examination system in feudal society. No wonder later generations have a sigh that "be careful not to read a scholar, reading it is actually a daily entertainment, not a scholar".
I have read Wu Wenmu's The Scholars, and all kinds of Confucian books are bizarre, varied, stingy, pedantic, snobbish, quiet and elegant.
Middle school students' experience in reading Confucian scholars' foreign history: Fan
I seldom read novels before, and I always thought that novels were nothing more than plots, and it was no big deal. As long as I want, I will write ups and downs. I still like beautiful things myself, and I am also interested in sentimental feelings. This time, I was idle and bored to read The Scholars, and I had a feeling that The Scholars didn't have.
Wu's masterpiece is highly praised by history, but I also have some opinions. I always feel a little tired when reading this book. It is different from other novels, so I have to read it very carefully, or read a few chapters, and you will find that the story inside has changed. I am struggling with this, because I have two opinions at the same time.
I felt a bit of a running account from the beginning. A person will write a short story, much like a collection of short stories, not a novel. When this person's story is finished, he will find an excuse, such as meeting an old friend by boat and meeting new knowledge at home, and then that person will completely evaporate from the next story, as if nothing had happened. But the relationship between these people will be used in the next story or the next story, which is unacceptable. But this book, which consists of so many short stories, shows that the author's life experience is very rich and the information presented to the public is also very complete.
The novel tells the story of Wang Mian from the beginning, and it is of great significance for the author to start from here. By reading the stories of later scholars and comparing them with Wang Mian's life, the author's irony will be revealed. Wang Mian suffered all his life and studied hard, which made him knowledgeable, but he never entered the official career. In sharp contrast with scholars such as Yan Jiansheng and Jin Fan. Although I study hard at some nights, most of them are prepared by street hooligans, that is, changing clothes and becoming a scholar, but I always write some tricks. The author didn't write too much about the political struggle between literati to show their intrigue, but explained their clown image through some small things or some funny things. Satire at school is very obvious.
After reading this book, I can only learn one thing, that is, writing from another angle, everything is organic cotton, standing from one angle, there will never be a feeling of crossing the ridge into a peak.
Middle school students' experience in reading Confucian scholars' foreign history: Fan
This semester, I read Wu's masterpiece The Scholars. In this novel, Wu uses irony to describe his pursuit of fame and his living condition in feudal society. The characters described in the book are very vivid. Yan Jiansheng, a talented person with love; Bao Wenxi studied poetry assiduously; There is Xiangshen Zhang in the autumn wind ... and what impressed me the most is Yan Jiansheng, who loves talents like life.
Yan Jiansheng is a rich man, with a lot of money, fields, houses and servants, but he is particularly "frugal". I can't bear to buy a catty of meat at home. Sometimes children at home can't help buying cooked meat for their children. They are unwilling to take medicine when they are sick, and they often deduct the wages of their servants ... There is such a fragment in the book "Before Yan Jiansheng died", which tells that Yan Jiansheng ordered two rushes before he died, and stretched out two fingers to get angry until Zhao picked one. Only then did he die. I believe everyone can't stand such a person who loves money like life.
Isn't there something similar to Yan Jiansheng's reluctance to order two punches in our real life? Of course there is. If we don't turn on two lights in a room at the same time, why should we turn on one more light because one light is already bright enough? It's just that we modern people call such behavior saving.
In fact, in my opinion, Yan Jiansheng's "diligence and thrift" is still worth learning. Now that people's living standards have improved, they often go out to eat big meals and don't pack what they can't finish. This is a waste. Nowadays, most children are only children, and their parents will buy them many expensive toys and clothes, and don't wear them for several times ... what a waste! No one's money is blown by the wind, but it is hard earned, so save money and spend it where it should be spent, but saving money does not mean being stingy.
Yan Jiansheng's love of money is hateful, but his "saving" is worth learning.
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