Sacrifice to National Heroes: There are legendary national heroes, as well as Wang Nangxian, what an ancient hero. Sweeping the stockade: Mo Gong organized a team to sweep the demons and ghosts of each farmer's house out of the house, and sweep the demons and ghosts of the stockade out of the stockade to ensure the safety of one party. "Silkworm Sacrifice to the Land": According to legend, in ancient times, in order to prevent young acres from being infested by insects, a farmer fried corn flowers to feed silkworms in spring sowing, and his seedlings were saved. Planting trees and hanging trees (sweeping graves): in every household, the male host carries a sickle with a backpack and a hoe, while the female host carries a sacrifice and leads the children. She painstakingly completed all the ancestral graves in one month and planted trees on the grave hill as a souvenir. There are also cases where clans collectively go to ancestral graves to hang green, and everyone kills pigs and chickens. Married girls should go back to their parents' homes with sacrificial objects to attend the hanging ceremony. Go for an outing: The custom of going for an outing is very old, which is basically formed by hanging green graves. When people have an outing in Shan Ye, children will pick tender maple leaves and throw them into balls, while women will pick some tender maple leaves and put them on their buns, and put branches of maple trees around the house. Of course, outing is not just about love, but more importantly, games and entertainment. People who are forced to work can now roam freely in the countryside and Shan Ye. As a result, girls hang swings on trees, while boys fly kites and shoot water guns in the open space. Duige: Duige's custom is also very old, which is basically accompanied by hanging out. Get together for drinks and contact each other. Young men and women singing folk songs is the theme of Buyi people's "March 3" activities. Singing is the most important activity after worship. Carry out social activities through singing, make friends through singing, and seek a spouse. Traditional sports: In duet, in addition to singing folk songs, there are also traditional activities such as hunting, throwing chaff bags, "playing guitar" (unicorn dance), "making pulp" (similar to gyro), bullfighting, cockfighting, horse racing, horse bar (similar to stilts) confrontation, playing bamboo water guns, playing Buyi chess, swinging and flying kites. Traditional rural economic and trade exchange activities: During the Buyi people's "March 3" festival, with the increase in the number of people who came to participate, vendors appeared to serve the activities. They are full of commodities, from furniture to daily necessities, as well as decorations and food unique to all ethnic groups. Moreover, it has developed into a grand meeting of material exchange and commodity trading with national characteristics, which has promoted the economic and trade development of Buyi areas. "March 3rd" is the most common traditional festival of Buyi people, and its festival source and activities vary with different living areas. The origin of Buyi people's "March 3" is related to sacrifice and gratitude. The "March 3rd" recorded by Buyi people in Chinese characters is the most solemn religious ceremony. Buyi ancestors, "their vulgarity fears ghosts and gods, especially worships them" (Biography of Wei Shou Liao, volume 10 1, twenty-five histories, Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House, 1986 edition, p. 259); 1854' s Xingyi Fuzhi records the Buyi folk custom of "March 3rd", that is, the Hongshui River in Panjiang, north and south "worships the land gods in urban and rural areas on March 3rd, June 6th and September 9th". "On the third day of March every year, pigs and cows sacrifice to the mountains, and the villages divide the meat. Men and women drink and eat yellow rice. Miao language regards it as "more general" and Chinese is also "off-year". On the third and fourth days, the villages are blocked, and those who make mistakes will be punished. " Then in Tomb-Sweeping Day, paper money is hung on the grave, which is called "hanging green". Huang, a tribute to Daoguang in the Qing Dynasty, described Wang Mo's March 3 as "March 3, when peaches and plums bloom, whistling warms the clouds." A woman looking for a man looking for a woman, one is quite awkward. "Zhang Guohua, the vice tribute of Daoguang in Qing Dynasty, also confirmed the sacrificial position of the Buyi people in Wangmo, saying that" when people heard of the drought, they prayed for rain, and all the cattle butchers went to the back hill ",and it was rain when they ate cattle.
Buyi people's custom of March 3.
Learning the etiquette of Buyi ancestors in Buyi Sacrifice Song (an ancient song of Mo culture) is the beginning of sacrificing parents (Wei, Buyi Work Newsletter, World Knowledge Publishing House, p. 187); The classic folk literature of Buyi people, Capsule Lotus Spot, also talks about the seller who sells granaries burying his parents (the famous Buyi people say that the singer Wang Ma loves Tian often sings like this); Buyi opera also has a script to sell oneself to bury parents. If we infer the origin of "March 3" according to the Buyi people's sacrificial legends, this folk custom has a history of thousands of years.
The origin of "March 3" in the area along the Hongshui River in Wangmo County and Luodian County is related to the folk custom of "hanging green on the grave". Buyi families or clans collectively go to ancestral graves to hang green flowers and kill pigs and sheep. On this day of the festival, people go to Shan Ye for an outing. Children pick tender maple leaves to make balls and throw them out or wear maple leaf clothes. The woman picked some tender maple leaves and put them in the bun. By the way, they collected branches of maple trees and took them home, and put them on the walls around the house. In addition, every household dyes glutinous rice into colorful colors and makes glutinous rice. Young people go to the hillside to blow konoha leaves and sing folk songs. If you meet a satisfied opponent, you will be invited to Buyi Village in the evening and sing all night. Before leaving, the host wrapped glutinous rice and chicken leg with banana leaves and distributed them to the children as holiday gifts. The "March 3rd" in the middle of Wangmo County is related to Huami. At that time, there were only three colors of flowers and rice, black for father, yellow for mother and purple for matchmaker. With the deepening of people's emotions, flower rice has become a five-color flower rice. Another legend is that a long time ago, a Buyi woman wanted to visit her parents, but because her family was poor, she decided to make a flower meal and take it home to honor her parents, which won everyone's respect. The third story is that a woman came to her lover's grave and expressed her grief with flowers and rice. People were moved by this woman's behavior and realized that they still miss their lover. Everyone should be more filial and grateful to their parents, so there is a folk custom like "March 3". The origin of "March 3rd" in Guiyang is related to the folk custom of "Silkworm Sacrifice". Legend has it that in ancient times, there was a plowman who sacrificed his small acre in many ways to avoid pests, but it was useless. Later, when he was sowing in spring, he fried corn flowers and fed them to the ground silkworm, and as a result, he saved the seedlings. Since then, in order to protect crops and strive for a bumper harvest, Buyi people in this area will fry popcorn as a sacrifice on the third day of March every year, and go to the nearby hillside in groups of three to five to offer sacrifices to "God and Ground Silkworm", praying for God's blessing, so that the Ground Silkworm will not kill the seedlings in the field and let the grain harvest. After the sacrifice, people walked along the ridge and sang folk songs, scattering corn flowers in the fields.
It is related to "offering sacrifices to national heroes"
The origin of "March 3rd" is related to "offering sacrifices to national heroes". Legend has it that when the flood hit the sky directly, Jeb, the ancestor of Buyi nationality, punished Lei Gong, wiped out the flood, planted rice and finally died of exhaustion. In order to commemorate him, people choose to kill pigs and sheep in the wild on the third day of the third lunar month, and praise him by setting up tents and singing platforms with maple trees representing good luck. Buyi people are indigenous to the north and south Panjiang River basins, and most of them live in bazi, with good water sources and fertile land. According to "Guizhou Folk Tales Integration Anlong Volume", at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, a foreign tribe wanted to capture 48 Buyi villages (including Tianba village) in Longguang. Cen Peng and Ma Wu, the Han generals stationed in Guangxi at that time, fought against the enemy with the Buyi people and died unfortunately. This is the snake raising day on the third day of the third lunar month. People buried these two heroes on the mound between Nana and Zhemian Village in Tianba Village, erected a monument for them, built an ancestral temple, and designated the first Snake Farmer Day after the third day of the third lunar month as the anniversary. Buyi people worship two heroes, and hold a grand festival every year for three days. However, sacrificial activities are no longer the main content of everyone's concern, and Tianba's singing is widely known, which has evolved into traditional music and folk festivals of Buyi people. Dongsa and Dangzhang in Anlong County offered sacrifices to heroes such as Wei on March 3rd, which was related to offering sacrifices to Buyi national heroes such as Xiangu and Wei. On March 3 every year, Dongsa Village will still hold activities of offering sacrifices to the mountain and commemorating Xiangu. On the dam where spring blossoms and thousands of acres of rape flowers are scattered all over the cave, the Wang Nangxian Monument in Xiangutian is getting higher and higher. The accompanying villagers said that from the fifth day to the eighth day of the 1980s, tens of thousands of people of all ethnic groups in Ceheng, Wangmo, Xingyi, Zhenfeng and even Anshun and Ziyun spontaneously gathered from all directions to commemorate the heroes and heroes, and held various mourning activities within three days. The history related to the ancient Shangsi Festival can also prove that "March 3" is related to the ancient Shangsi Festival, which is a festival of Han, Buyi and other ethnic groups. However, in the process of inheritance and development of all ethnic groups, some ethnic groups still maintain this folk custom, and some ethnic groups have given up. In a word, "March 3" has not disappeared, it has turned from the Han area to the Buyi and other minority areas, and it exists in the world under various names. Today's Buyi people's "March 3rd" is the inheritance and development of the Chinese nation's "March 3rd" culture, where people can experience the ancient cultural connotation of Buyi people. Ethnic characteristics: The Buyi people's "March 3rd" has the characteristics of Buyi culture and is a folk custom passed down from generation to generation.
Buyi Duet Activities on March 3rd
Social characteristics: Buyi people's "March 3rd" is a custom formed and agreed by Buyi people in their common life, which has a wide range of mass, such as the system of making village rules and regulations. Collective characteristics: The Buyi people's "March 3rd" is the result of collective creation, spread in folk customs, and developed by collective response, enrichment and inheritance from generation to generation. Stability characteristics: Buyi people's "March 3" is observed by Buyi people and becomes the standard to restrain their behavior; Relatively stable, it has formed a certain scale in the process of inheritance and development. Variability: The "March 3rd" of Buyi nationality has changed in content and form due to social, political and life factors. For example, economic and trade activities have become an important embodiment of "March 3". The characteristics of cultural blending: the Buyi people's "March 3" contains cultural connotations such as filial piety, kindness, harmony, happiness, wealth, auspiciousness, unity and love. Buyi people believe that no matter how old an official you are or how many books you have read, you should go home to visit the grave on March 3. Buyi people have such a folk custom that they have to get up early on March 3 and sit late on June 6. On this day, people get up earlier than that day, cook flowers and burn incense to their ancestors and benefactors. "March 3" is a festival of "national unity", and it is a great pleasure for all ethnic groups to communicate with each other. Folk Value of Buyi People on March 3rd: Folk Value: March 3rd reflects the most authentic life and cultural state of Buyi people. Only by inheriting and developing the Buyi people's March 3rd can the cultural state of Buyi people be truly restored.
Religious value: The primitive religious culture of Buyi nationality is an important part of March 3, which reflects the evolution of Buyi nationality from natural religion to humanistic religion and has important reference value for studying the development of human religious culture. Historical value: Buyi people's "March 3" is the product of Buyi people's development to a certain stage, with typical farming culture. Literary value: "March 3rd" is one of the most important festivals of the Buyi people. Buyi folk literature is mostly expressed in the form of songs, whether it is ancient songs, folk songs or even children's songs. Language value: If the Mohist literature and ancient songs of Buyi nationality are the foundation of language, then Buyi folk songs shoulder the task of language modernization. Because Buyi folk songs are easy to understand and develop with the development of the times, they enrich and develop the vocabulary and grammar of Buyi language. Sociological value: Buyi people's "March 3" embodies the harmony between man and nature, man and man, man and society, and nation and nation, and has a positive effect on the current reform, opening up and modernization. Buyi people believe that trees are the symbol of the soul, and planting trees on March 3 can comfort their ancestors and green their homes. The value of spiritual civilization construction: it is a very effective way to promote the construction of socialist spiritual civilization in the folk activities of ethnic minorities, and it cannot be ignored that folk activities are an important position for the construction of spiritual civilization in rural areas. Economic value: The ancient "March 3rd" combines the activities of modern civilization, such as economic activities, and "March 3rd" has become not only a cultural brand, but also an economic brand. On the basis of protecting Wangmo's "March 3", we can develop Buyi folk tourism and related foods of "March 3", especially Buyi colorful flowers and rice. Some Buyi people in Anlong County, Guizhou Province said that March 3rd was the birthday of the shadow "Mountain God". In order to prevent the locusts released by the mountain gods from harming crops and ensure a bumper harvest in agriculture, people use the custom of sweeping the village to worship the mountain gods. On the third day of March, people set up roosters, knives and other offerings in front of shrines in villages and mountains, killed a dog, and sprinkled blood on paper flags, paper horses and stones at the entrance and exit of the stockade. Then the "old devil" and other personnel carried paper flags covered with dog blood, and paper horses went to every household to sweep the monsters. A bench should be set at each gate, and a "water bowl" filled with clear water and a bowl filled with gravel and stone particles should be placed on the bench. The "old monster" recited the "magic sutra" at the gate, struck several "agricultural hexagrams", and then scattered gravel stones into the house, spilling the water in the water bowl everywhere, overturning the bench in front of the door and fastening the water bowl, in order to sweep away the monster. Finally, put a paper flag with dog blood, put a paper horse and go to his house to sweep it. After all the residents in the village finished the sacrificial sweeping, "Lao Devil Gong" went to the altar to suppress the monsters swept away in front of the gods, and then the men in the village ate a meal on the altar, which was called "eating with the gods". Ward Town in this county called "March 3rd" the "Chinese fir catching festival", also known as the "Chinese fir song festival", which lasted for three days and attracted tens of thousands of people.
March 3rd of Buyi people in Badahe River, Luoping, Yunnan, is a festival for young men and women to exchange songs. On this day, men, women and children came to the river to listen to young people singing folk songs and watch children rowing bamboo rafts and shooting water guns. Some people also make flowers and glutinous rice for children and distribute them to the edge and village; Others put eggs and all kinds of food in small cloth pockets for teenagers to play and participate in competitions. Young Buyi men and women in Luoping niujie will hold a grand tour, singing and making friends in these three days. Dozens of young people from all ethnic groups in Fiona Fang will also come to the mountainside of Maba to participate in and watch this traditional song exchange activity. Singers can show their talents on such occasions. With the talent of improvising poetry and singing, they can sing with their opponents for three days and nights or even longer. Many young men and women have established love relationships through these activities.