Introduction to the work:

Yuefu in the Han Dynasty was originally an official position in charge of music in ancient times. There was a "Yuefu Order" in the Qin Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty. The Yuefu in the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty was large in scale, and its function was to take charge of the music used in the court and collect folk songs and music. After Wei and Jin Dynasties, all poems sung by Yuefu organs in Han Dynasty were called Yuefu poems.

The basic principle of Han Yuefu's creation is "feeling sad and happy, starting from things" (Art History and Literature awarded by Han Dynasty). It inherits the fine tradition of realism in The Book of Songs and reflects the social reality of Han Dynasty extensively and profoundly. The most outstanding artistic achievement of Han Yuefu lies in its narrative. Secondly, he is good at selecting typical details and expressing his character through his words and deeds. Its forms are five-character, seven-character and miscellaneous words, and it is particularly noteworthy that a number of mature five-character poems have been produced in Han Yuefu. The vast majority of Yuefu poems handed down from the Han Dynasty have been included in Yuefu poems compiled by Guo Maoqian, a Song Dynasty poet.

Original text:

The trees in the garden are lush, and the crystal dew rises in the sun.

Spring fills the earth with hope, and everything presents a scene of prosperity.

I am always afraid that when the cold autumn comes, the trees in Ye Er will turn yellow and the grass will wither.

The river runs to the sea, and when will it return to the west?

A lazy youth, a lousy age.

Precautions:

This poem is selected from Han Yuefu. Yuefu is a royal musical organ established since the Qin Dynasty. During the period of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, a large number of poems were collected from the people, which were rich in content and wide in subject matter. This poem is one of them.

Long song line: the name of the Han Yuefu tune. Sunflower: an ancient vegetable. X: I did it. Yangchun: It's spring, with plenty of sunshine and abundant dew. B: spread and spread. Deze: Enze. Autumn Festival: Autumn. Festivals, seasons, festivals. Yellow: yellow. Flower: the same as "flower". Decline: For rhyme, it can be read as archaic. Hundreds of rivers: countless rivers. Sichuan, rivers. Acts 23: In vain, useless.

Today's translation:

Sunflowers in the garden are lush and soaring in the crystal morning sun.

Spring scatters hope all over the earth, and everything shows prosperity.

I am always afraid that the cold autumn will come, the leaves will turn yellow and the grass will wither.

When can a hundred rivers run to the sea and return to the west?

If young people don't work hard in time, they will only regret it for a lifetime when they are old.

Appreciate:

This poem begins with "Sunflowers in the Garden", and then the water flows to the sea and never returns, indicating that time is like running water and never returns. Finally, we should persuade people to cherish their youth and work hard, and don't wait until they are old to regret it. This poem uses things to express meaning. First, it uses the sunflower in the garden as a metaphor. "Green" means it is flourishing. In fact, under the sunshine and rain in the whole spring, everything is scrambling to grow. Why is this happening? Because they are all afraid that autumn is coming, they all know that autumn wind will wither a hundred herbs. The rhythm of life in nature is like this, and so is life? If a person doesn't work hard when he is in a good time, he will waste his youth in vain, and it will be too late to regret it when he is old. This poem thinks that life is fleeting from the beautiful scenery of youth in front of us, and encourages young people to cherish time, make warnings and inspire people to forge ahead.

Brief comments:

This is a famous Yuefu poem in Han Dynasty. The poem uses a series of metaphors to show that we should cherish time and work hard as soon as possible. The first four sentences of this poem paint us a beautiful spring scene. There are dewdrops on the green sunflowers in the garden. After sunrise, the dew dried and the sunflowers were bathed in the sun. Everything in the world is blessed by the rain and dew of nature in spring, shining with unparalleled brilliance. However, when autumn comes, they will lose their bright luster, turn yellow and fade. Everything has ups and downs, and people also have a process from adolescence to old age. Time is like the water of a big river, which flows eastward into the sea and never returns. If you don't cherish time and work hard when you are young, you will only be sad when you are old!

Wang Ye-Wang Ji

Wang Ji

Gaodong ① Twilight, Depend on ② What you want!

Trees are all autumn colors, and mountains are only sparkling.

The shepherd brought the calf back, hunted horses and brought birds back.

Care for no acquaintances, Long song (3) huai.

To annotate ...

①: High, water town. Wang Ji called the place where he farmed and traveled in his hometown Gaodong. At dusk, when the sun goes down.

(2) Relocation: Still hesitating.

③ Long song sentence: Wei, a fern, whose young leaves are edible. Or take this sentence as poetry, which is related to the fragment of "picking Wei" in The Book of Songs. Long song expressed his anguish. I still miss Boyi and Shu Qi for this poetic sentence, that is, Long song's Song of Picking Wei. Judging from the author's mentality and the context of the whole poem, the former solution is more appropriate.

Comment and analysis

This poem "Shan Ye and autumn scenery" is one of Wang Zhen's representative works. It is full of affection, simplicity, freshness, fluency and naturalness in the scenery, trying to correct the shortcomings of Qi Liang's flashy and gorgeous.

The first couplet is both narrative and lyrical, and the next six sentences are always carried. The first sentence casts a thin twilight on the "looking" middle scene of the middle two couplets; The second sentence is called the last sentence; Make the whole poem shrouded in faint sadness. The lower jaw couplet is about autumn scenery in the dusk, knowing each other, mountains and trees, a piece of autumn color, a touch of light. Depression and silence aroused the poet's sense of helplessness. Neck couplets describe the moving scenery of Akita, with mountains, trees, autumn colors and twilight as the background, showing the picture of "the shepherd drives the calf home and hunts the horse to return to the bird". This is a typical scene at dusk in autumn in Shan Ye. Since it is "return" and "return", its dynamics from far to near are also faintly visible. If these shepherds and hunters are old acquaintances, they can talk and laugh with them (the migration of Tao Qian). However, this is not the case, which leads to the ending of the couplet: "I have no acquaintance", and I can only use Long song to express my distress. Wang Ji worships Tao Qian, but he doesn't get comfort from rural life like Tao Qian, so his pastoral poems sometimes show hesitation and disappointment.

This poem washed away the habit of carving in the Southern Dynasties, but developed a new martial art form that was gradually legalized since the Southern Qi Yongming. It is already a relatively mature five laws, which have a great influence on the form of modern poetry.

Appreciation of poetry and prose:

Shan Ye's "Wang Ye" and "autumn scenery" are Wang Ji's representative works, which are somewhat hesitant and melancholy in a leisurely mood.

"I hope I will look forward to it and I will rely on it." Gao is a water town. Gaodong refers to a place in Longmen, Jiangzhou, his hometown. After retirement, he often traveled to Beishan and Gaodong, calling himself "Donggaozi". "Depend" means wandering. "What do you want?" In Cao Cao's "Short Songs", the meaning of "the moon stars are scarce, blackbirds fly south, and there are no branches to lean on" shows the feeling of boredom and hesitation.

The following four sentences describe the scenery seen at dusk: "All trees are in autumn, only the hills and mountains are bright. The shepherd brought the calf back, hunted the horse and brought the bird back. " Looking around, it is autumn everywhere, and it is more and more bleak in the afterglow of the sunset. On this quiet background, the close-ups of shepherds and hunting horses, with an idyllic pastoral atmosphere, enliven the whole picture. These four poems are like a picture of Shan Jutu on an autumn night. Light and color, long-range and close-range, static and dynamic match well.

However, Wang Ji could not find comfort from the countryside like Tao Yuanming, so he finally said, "I don't know each other, and Long song loves Wei." He said that he was lonely in reality, so he wanted to make friends with people like Boyi and Shu Qi.

People who are familiar with Tang poetry may not think this poem has any special benefits. However, if we read this poem by Song, Qi, Liang and Chen in the Southern Dynasties in the order of poetic history, we will suddenly applaud its simplicity. The poetic style of the Southern Dynasties is mostly gorgeous, like a jewel-like lady wrapped in satin. Walking out of the women's group, I suddenly met a village girl with a cloth skirt. Without makeup, there will be a special charm. Ji Wang's ambition has such a simple advantage.

The genre of this poem is five-character verse. Since Shen Yue and others applied legal knowledge to poetry creation in the first year of Qiyong in the Southern Dynasties, this new genre of legal poetry has been brewing. In the early Tang Dynasty, Shen Quanqi's and Song's regular poems became an important poetic genre. Wang Ji, more than 60 years earlier than Shen and Song, can write such a mature poem as Wild Hope, which shows that he is a man who dares to try new forms. The beginning and end of this poem are lyrical, and the middle is lyrical. After the repetition of emotion-scene-emotion, the meaning of poetry has deepened. This is in line with a basic composition of metrical poetry.

Brief introduction of Wang Ji:

Wang Ji (585-644), whose name was Dong Gaozi, was reactive. Jiangzhou Longmen (now Hejin, Shanxi) people.

In order to celebrate people's birthdays and indulge in drinking, most poems are based on wine, expressing dissatisfaction with reality and occasionally revealing negative thoughts. Gao Dong has a subset.

There is a mind on the Early Cold River.

Author: Meng Haoran

The south is a wilderness, because leaves are falling, and the wind from the north makes the water cold.

My home is wandering by the river, and the sea of clouds is far away.

Tears of homesickness in the journey, see the back of the sail on the horizon.

The smoke in the wind blurs where the ferry can be, and the vast river ripples in the sunset.

Precautions:

1, my sentence: Meng Haoran lives in Xiangyang, which is a song of water, so it is a cloud. Xiangshui: Also known as Xianghe, Hanshui River is in the lower section of Xiangfan City, and the water flow is tortuous, so the clouds are winding and comfortable.

2. Remote sentence: refers to homesickness far away from the clouds. Chu: Xiangyang belonged to the State of Chu in ancient times.

3. Maze sentence: The Analects of Confucius Weizi recorded that Confucius lived a long and boring life, but he was cynical about both. Here, I sigh that I am wandering and frustrated, just like a maze. Tianjin: Ferry.

4. Flat sea: refers to the height and width of the water surface. In ancient times, this river was also called the sea.

Rhyme translation:

Flowers and trees wither, and geese fly south.

The north wind is blowing, and a river is cold in spring.

My hometown is Naluxing Mountain, and the cottage is in perfume bay.

Looking at the distant Chu land, Chu land is vast in the clouds.

The tears of homesickness have run out, and the life of the tourists is so bitter.

The lonely sail is far away, and the scene is ugly.

I want to ask someone, where is the lost ferry?

I can't see anything at dusk, only the river and the sea are endless.

Comments:

This is a lyric poem about homesickness. Began in prosperity, borrowed Hongyan to fly south, and made guests homesick. I saw the distant solitary sail in the middle, thought of my own disappointment, and finally wrote the stagnation I wanted to return to.

The whole poem has complicated emotions. The poet envies rural life and intends to retire, but he also wants to ask officials to do things in order to make a big difference. This contradiction constitutes the content of this poem.

Looking at Dongting Lake from afar —— addressed to Premier Zhang

In August, the Dongting Lake is boundless, water and sky are the same color, which is connected with space.

The autumn water rises and almost blends with the shore, mixing water and sky with the sky.

Yunmeng Erze's water vapor transpiration is in vain, and the stormy waves seem to shake Yueyang City.

Ozawa's water vapor transpiration on the cloud soil is white, and the waves seem to shake the whole Yueyang.

I want to cross the river, but I can't find a boat or paddle. It's really shameful to idle around in an enlightened age.

I'm going to cross the water to find a boat and paddle. It's a shame to return home in the sacred age.

Sitting by the river watching others fish hard, you can only envy others for their success in fishing.

Sitting around watching other people's hard river fishing can only envy the fish caught in the fish.

Yellow Crane Tower

Author: Cui Hao

The fairy of the past has flown away by the yellow crane, leaving only an empty Yellow Crane Tower.

The yellow crane never revisited earth, there have been no long white clouds for thousands of years.

Every tree in Hanyang has become clear due to sunlight, and Nautilus Island is covered with sweet grass.

But I looked at my hometown, and the twilight was getting thicker, and the mist of sadness was filled on the river waves.

Precautions:

1, Yellow Crane Tower: The former site is in Wuchang County, Hubei Province. It was burned in the early years of the Republic of China. It is said that there was a man named Wen Fei in ancient times. about

Fairy, take a crane to ascend to immortality here. Some people think that the past is blowing in the wind.

2, leisurely: the meaning of a long time.

3, vivid: clear and distinct.

4. Nautilus Island: It is in the southwest of Wuchang County, Hubei Province. According to the records of the later Han Dynasty, Zu Ren was here when he was the satrap of Jiangxia.

Among the banquet guests, some people presented parrots, so some people called it Parrot Island.

Rhyme translation:

The legendary fairy flew over the yellow crane long ago,

There is only the empty Yellow Crane Tower left in this place.

The flying yellow crane will never come back,

Only the long white clouds will last for thousands of years.

The trees in Qingchuan Pavilion in Hanyang are lifelike.

The grass on Nautilus Island grows thick and thick.

I don't know where my hometown is at dusk

Facing the foggy river, it is worrying!

Comments:

This poem is a masterpiece of nostalgia. The poet climbed the historic site Yellow Crane Tower and enjoyed the scenery in front of him.

Poetry is a masterpiece, blurt it out, and it pours thousands of miles. It is both natural and magnificent, full of personality. Poetry is not harmonious, but the syllables are clear.

Bright but not clumsy. It's really one step at a time, and it has become a treasure admired by all previous dynasties. Legend has it that Li Bai boarded this building,

This poem left a deep impression on me. He said: "There is a scene in front of me, with Cui Hao's poems on it." Yan Canglang also said that the Tang Dynasty

Seven-character verse should be the first. It shows that poetry is precious to nature, even if it is metrical.

Send a friend away

Lipper

Green mountains are located on the north side of the city wall, and the sparkling water surrounds the east of the city.

Here we say goodbye to each other, and you, like losing your father, are floating in the wind and traveling far away.

Floating clouds are like wanderers, like wandering, and the sunset slowly goes down the mountain, which seems to be nostalgic.

With a wave of his hand, he will be separated from now on, and his friend on horseback will carry him on a long journey, blowing a long wind, as if reluctant to leave.

-

Interpretation of poetry

Qingshan stands on the north side of the city wall, and the bright white river surrounds the east side of the city wall. We are about to break up here, and you will set foot on the journey of Wan Li like a lonely grass. White clouds are fluttering in the air, which seems to be your mood. The sun that is about to set cannot bear to sink, and it is also like my attachment to you. We waved goodbye and parted ways. The two horses seem to understand their master's feelings and are reluctant to leave their companions.

words explanation

Guo: Outer city.

Z: Here you are.

Rustle: The neighing of horses.

Appreciation of poetry and prose

This farewell poem blends scenes and sounds. "I will think of you in the clouds, just like thinking of me in the sunset. The second sentence, expressing the deep feelings of parting with neat duality, is particularly intriguing. Qiu, a poet in A Qing, once said, "Taibai's poem' I miss you in the clouds, and the sunset clouds miss me'. "This is of great significance to the scenery. In fact, although Li Bai's poem is a common farewell poem, its meaning is lingering, its language is close to emotion, and it has overtones, which makes people fascinated to read. The language of the whole poem is naturally simple, not exaggerated and unique.

Autumn ci