Su Shi was born in Meishan, Yumei, Song Renzong on December 19th (1037 65438+ October 8th). Su Weidao, the minister in the early Tang Dynasty. Su Shi's father, Su Xun, is what Saint Amethyst called "Su Laoquan". Su Xun worked hard, although it was late. Su Shi's name "Stone" originally meant the handrail in front of the car, which means it is indispensable to help the needy. ? In the eighth year of Li Qing (1048), Su Xun closed his door to study and taught himself Su Shi and his youngest son Su Zhe. ?
Su Shi was open-minded, frank and sincere, and won the Taoist style. Good friends, good food, create a lot of exquisite food, good tea, but also elegant and good at traveling in the mountains. ?
2. Exam in Beijing
In the first year of Jiayou (1056), Su Shi left Sichuan for Beijing for the first time to take the imperial examination. Su Xun took Su Shi, 2 1 year-old, and Su Zhe, 0/9/year-old, down the river from the remote area of Xishu, and left for the east. He took the exam in Beijing in the second year of Jiayou (1057).
At that time, the examiner was Ouyang Xiu, a literary master, and the junior examiner was Mei, an old poet. They are keen on the innovation of poetry and prose, and Su Shi's fresh and free and easy writing suddenly shocked them. The title of the strategy is "the theory of rewarding loyalty with punishment" Su Shi's "Rewarding Loyalty with Punishment" won the appreciation of the examiner Ouyang Xiu, but Ouyang Xiu mistakenly thought it was written by disciple Ceng Gong, so in order to avoid suspicion, he had to come second.
Su Shi wrote in his article: "Hao Tao is a scholar and can kill people. Said to kill the third, Yao said to kill the third. " Both Ou and Mei admire his writing, but they don't know the source of these words. Su Shi thanked him and asked him. Su Shi replied, "How do you know the source!" After hearing this, Ouyang Xiu could not help admiring Su Shi's heroism and daring to innovate, and foresaw Su Shi's future: "This man can be said to be good at reading and using books, and his articles will be unique in the world in the future."
3. The famous capital
With Ouyang Xiu's repeated praise, Su Shi became famous for a while. Every time he publishes a new book, it will spread all over Beijing immediately. Just as the father and son became famous in Beijing and were about to show their talents, the bad news of Su Shi's mother's death suddenly came. The two brothers went home with their father to attend the funeral. In October of the 4th year of Jiayou (1059), he returned to Beijing after his funeral. In the sixth year of Jiayou (106 1 year), Su Shi took the Chinese secondary school exam, which is usually called the "three-year Beijing Examination", and got the third grade of "the first in a hundred years", and was awarded the qualification of judging and signing books by judges in Fengxiang Prefecture of Dali. Four years later, he returned to North Korea and was sentenced to Wen Gu College.
In the third year of Zhiping (1066), Su Xun died of illness, and Su Shi and Su Zhe returned to their hometowns with coffins, and they were in mourning for three years. Three years later, Su Shi returned to Korea. At this time, Wang Anshi's political reform, which shook the ruling and opposition parties, began. Many of Su Shi's teachers and friends, including Ouyang Xiu, who admired him at the beginning, were forced to leave Beijing because they opposed the new law and disagreed with the new prime minister Wang Anshi. The old rain in the ruling and opposition parties faded away, and what Su Shi saw in his eyes was no longer the "peaceful and prosperous times" he saw at the age of twenty.
Please leave Beijing by yourself.
In the fourth year of Xining (107 1), Su Shi wrote about the disadvantages of the new law. Wang Anshi was very angry, so he asked Xie Jing to tell Su Shi's fault in front of Zongshen. Su Shi then sought a job in Beijing and was sentenced to general punishment in Hangzhou.
In the autumn of the seventh year of Xining (1074), Su Shi was transferred to Mizhou (Zhucheng, Shandong Province). From April in the tenth year of Xining (1077) to March in the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), he served as the magistrate of Xuzhou. In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), it was transferred to Huzhou in April. When he took office at the local level, he got rid of the old and innovated, and made great achievements because of the convenience of the law.
5. Wutai Poetry Case
In the second year of Yuanfeng (1079), 43-year-old Su Shi was transferred to Huzhou. After taking office, he wrote a letter to Huzhou to thank the table. This is a routine, but Su Shi is a poet and often writes emotionally. Even if you write a red-headed document, you can't forget to add some personal colors, saying that you are "stupid and ill-timed, and newcomers are hard to catch up with" and "an old friend can make trouble and raise a king". These words were used by the new party, saying that he "fooled North Korea and was arrogant. They picked out sentences that they thought implied sarcasm from a large number of Su Shi's poems, and for a time there was an anti-Soviet voice in the court.
On July 28th, Su Shi, who had been in office for only three months, was arrested by Yushitai officials and escorted to Beijing. Dozens of people are involved. This is the famous "Wutai Poetry Case" in the Northern Song Dynasty (Wutai, the Jade Terrace, is called Wutai because there are cypresses planted on it and crows inhabit it all the year round).
The great blow of Wutai poetry case became the turning point of Su Shi's life. The new party insisted on killing Su Shi, and the ruling and opposition parties also launched rescue activities. Not only many elders who share the same political views with Su Shi wrote articles one after another, but even some reformists also advised Zongshen not to kill Su Shi. Wang Anshi retired to Jinling at that time, and also wrote: "How about killing talents with saints?"
Thanks to everyone's efforts, this poem case was judged by Wang Anshi, and Su Shi was given a lighter sentence, demoted to Huangzhou (now Huanggang, Hubei) as an assistant envoy, "placed in this state" and monitored by local officials. Su Shi was imprisoned 103 days and was killed. Thanks to Song Taizu's national policy of not killing Zhao Kuangyin literati, he dodged a bullet.
6. Being demoted to Huangzhou
The position of Huangzhou's deputy envoy is quite humble and has no real power, while Su Shi has been disheartened after this campaign. After Su Shi took office, he was unhappy. He traveled to Chibi Mountain outside Huangzhou for many times, and wrote famous works such as "Red Cliff Fu", "Post-Red Cliff Fu" and "Niannujiao Chibi Nostalgia" to express his thoughts and feelings in exile. In his spare time, he led his family to cultivate a sloping land in the east of the city to help make a living. The nickname "Dongpo lay man" was coined by Su Shi at this time.
Step 7 make a comeback
In the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084), Su Shi left Huangzhou and was stationed in Ruzhou. Due to the long distance and tiring journey, Su Shi's children died unfortunately. Ruzhou is far away, and all the tolls have been used up. Coupled with the pain of losing his son, Su Shi wrote to the court, requesting not to go to Ruzhou for the time being, and to live in Changzhou first, and then was approved. When he was ready to return to Changzhou, Zongshen passed away. Changzhou area is criss-crossed with water networks and beautiful scenery. Living in Changzhou, he has no worries about hunger and cold, and he can enjoy the beautiful scenery. Moreover, he is far away from the political disputes in Beijing and can get along with his family and many friends day and night. Su Shi chose Changzhou as his final resting place. ?
In the eighth year of Yuanfeng (1085), Song Zhezong ascended the throne, and the empress dowager, in the name of the young philosopher, listened to politics in the recent dynasty. Sima Guang was reactivated and the new party headed by Wang Anshi was suppressed. Su Shi returned to the post of assistant minister of the DPRK and went to Dengzhou (Penglai). Four months later, the doctor was recalled to North Korea. In the first half, he was promoted to a living room. Three months later, I entered middle school. Soon after, he was promoted to a bachelor's degree in Hanlin, an imperial edict and a tribute to the Ministry of Rites. ?
Su Shi saw the emerging forces desperately suppressing the figures of Wang Anshi Group and abolishing the new law. He thought that they were just birds of a feather with the so-called "Wang Dang" and made suggestions to the court again. He attacked the corruption exposed after the old Party came to power, which aroused strong opposition from conservative forces and was falsely accused and framed. So far, Su Shi can neither tolerate the new party nor forgive the old party, so he once again asked for a transfer.
8. Building Su Causeway
Yuan You four years (1089), Su Shi holds a bachelor's degree in Longtuge, knowing Hangzhou. Because the West Lake has not been dredged for a long time, it has been silted up for more than half. "The long-term weeds in Taiping Lake and Pinghu Lake have seriously affected agricultural production." In the second year of Su Shi's arrival in Hangzhou, he dredged the West Lake, mobilized more than 200,000 migrant workers, expelled farmland, restored the old scenery, and erected three towers (now reflecting the moon in three ponds) in the deepest part of the lake as a symbol. He collected the dredged silt and built a long dike running through the West Lake, which was connected by six bridges for pedestrians. Later referred to as "Su Gong Di" or "Su Causeway".
"Dongpo built Su Causeway everywhere", and Su Shi built three long dikes in his life. When Su Shi was demoted to Yingzhou (now Fuyang, Anhui), he also dredged the West Lake and built a levee in Yingzhou. During Shao Shengyuan's reign (1094), Su Shi was demoted to Yuan Ningjun's deputy envoy and lived in Huizhou (now Huiyang, Guangdong). Su Shi, who was nearly sixty years old, galloped day and night and came to the relegation center all the way, which was warmly welcomed by the people in Lingnan. Su Shi took out the gold given by the emperor and donated it to dredge the West Lake and build a long embankment. To this end, "the father and the old get together and the pot is empty. If you can't drink it for three days, you will kill all the chickens in the village. " People are celebrating.
9. Living in Danzhou
Su Shi lived happily in Hangzhou and compared himself to Bai Juyi in the Tang Dynasty. But in the sixth year of Yuan You (109 1), he was recalled to North Korea. However, due to political disagreement, Yuan You was transferred to Yingzhou in August of six years, Yangzhou in February of seven years (1092) and Dingzhou in September of eight years (1093). Yuan You's Empress Dowager died in the eighth year, and Zhezong came to power, and the new party came to power again. In June of the first year of Shaosheng (1094), he was once again demoted to Huiyang (now Huizhou City, Guangdong Province).
Born four years younger (1097), 62-year-old Su Shi was sent to Danzhou, Hainan Island (now Danzhou, Hainan) by boat. It is said that in the Song Dynasty, banishing Hainan was only a lighter punishment than copying others. He regards Danzhou as his second hometown. "I'm from Daner, and I live in Xishu." He runs a school here, introduces the style of study, and makes many people travel thousands of miles to Danzhou to learn from Su Shi.
10, the final outcome
After Song Huizong acceded to the throne, Su Shi was successively transferred to Lianzhou Resettlement, Yong Ying Assistant and Yongzhou Resettlement. In April of Fu Yuan's third year (1 100), the imperial court granted amnesty and Su Shi was reinstated as Chao.
Su Shi died in Changzhou (now Jiangsu) on July 28th (11August 24th) in Jianzhong, at the age of 65. Su Shi left a will and was buried in Shangrili, Juntai Township, Tancheng County, Ruzhou (now Jiaxian County, Henan Province). The following year, his son Su Guo transported his father's coffin back to Tancheng County for burial. After Song Gaozong acceded to the throne, he posthumously awarded Su Shi as a teacher and posthumous title as a "Wen Zhong".
Extended data
Su Shi (1037 65438+10.8-1August 24), also known as He Zhong, Tieguan Taoist, Dongpo layman, Su Dongpo, Su Xian, Han nationality, Meishan, Meizhou (now Sichuan)
In the second year of Jiayou (1057), Su Shi was a scholar. Song Shenzong worked in Fengxiang, Hangzhou, Mizhou, Xuzhou and Huzhou. In the third year of Yuanfeng (1080), he was demoted to be the permanent assistant ambassador of Huangzhou because of Wutai poetry case. After Song Zhezong acceded to the throne, he was known in Hangzhou, Yingzhou, Yangzhou, Dingzhou and other places. In his later years, he was exiled to Huizhou and Danzhou because of the ruling of the New Party. Song Huizong was granted amnesty and returned to the north, where he died. Song Gaozong posthumously awarded a surname, posthumous title "article".
Su Shi was a literary leader in the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, and made great achievements in poetry, ci, writing, calligraphy and painting. His writing is arbitrary; His poems are broad in subject matter, fresh and healthy, good at exaggeration and metaphor, and unique in style. He is also called "Su Huang" with Huang Tingjian. His words are bold and unconstrained, and they are both bold and unconstrained representatives with Xin Qiji, and they are called "Su Xin"; His prose creation is rich and unrestrained, and he is also called "Ou Su" with Ouyang Xiu, and he is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties".
Su Shi is also good at books and is one of the "Song Sijia"; He is good at literati painting, especially ink bamboo, strange stones and dead wood. There are seven episodes of Dongpo, Dongpo Yi Zhuan, Dongpo Yuefu, Xiaoxiang Bamboo Stone Atlas, and ancient and strange stone atlas handed down from ancient times.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Su Shi (a writer and painter in the Northern Song Dynasty, one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties)