The long history and civilization have left a profound cultural heritage; The thought of a hundred schools of thought has influenced generations of Chinese descendants. China people's way of thinking, behavior and life style, under the infiltration of "moistening things quietly", have formed the unique characteristics of being a man and doing things of our Chinese nation. The Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Daxue and The Doctrine of the Mean are the most important Confucian classics. These four books are called "Four Books". In the "Four Books" of Confucianism, many principles of being a man are explained, namely, benevolence, righteousness, courtesy, faith and wisdom. Benevolence is the foundation of being a man; Righteousness is the integrity of being a man; Etiquette is a literary form of being a human being; Faith is the pillar of being a man; Wisdom is the dominant factor in being a man. "Benevolence" is the foundation of being a man. Whether a person does well depends first on whether he has "benevolence". One day, Yan Hui, one of Confucius' favorite students, asked Confucius what benevolence was. Confucius said, "Restrain yourself and make your words and deeds conform to etiquette. This is benevolence. Once you stick to it, people all over the world will respect you as a kind person. Ren's practice depends entirely on himself, but also on others? " Yan Hui said, "What is the action plan?" Confucius said, "Don't look at impolite things, listen to impolite words, say impolite words and do impolite things." Yan Hui said: "I am slow in Yan Hui, but I will definitely take what you just said as my motto." (The Analects of Confucius? Yan Hui) Regarding benevolence, Confucius also said to another disciple named Zhang Zi, "Doing five things is the benevolence of the world.". Zhang Zi asked him which five, and Confucius said; "Gong, Rong, Xin, Min and Li." Courtesy is not for prisoners, forgiveness is not for people, sincerity is considerate, sensitivity is meritorious, and goodness is enough to make people. "(The Analects of Confucius? Yang Huo) From this point of view, the "benevolence" advocated by Confucius includes many aspects, including knowing honesty, shame, good and evil, self-respect, strong sense of honor and disgrace, sincerity, kindness and generosity. Mencius said, "A gentleman is different from others because of his intention. The meaning of a gentleman is benevolence, and its meaning is courtesy. Benevolent people love others, while courteous people respect others. Those who love others will always love others; Respect people, people will always respect them "(pre-Qin" Mencius? Mencius' words supplemented Confucius' theory of benevolence. Confucius placed great emphasis on benevolence and strictly distinguished between "righteousness" and "benefit". In his view, the reason why people are human is to do justice without making profits, that is, to "push yourself and others." In China, this concept of benevolent love has been passed down to this day. It is generally believed that benevolence is the foundation of being a man, that is, the essence of a person and all the virtues of a person. Kindness and unkindness are signs to measure a person's moral cultivation. "Righteousness" refers to a person's integrity. Righteousness is an absolute moral concept, namely morality and moral behavior. "Righteousness" is a spirit advocated by China people since ancient times. The boundary of "righteousness" lies in taking ill-gotten gains or not; The integrity of "righteousness" lies in whether it can uphold justice; The realm of "righteousness" lies in whether you dare to devote yourself to justice. Confucius said, "Eating and drinking water and bending your arms and pillows are fun. Being unjust and rich is like a cloud to me. " (The Analects of Confucius? Confucius means that eating coarse grains, drinking cold water and bending your arms as a pillow when you sleep are also a lot of fun. For me, the wealth and expensive gained by doing dishonest things are like floating clouds in the sky. The boundaries between Confucius and saints and between benevolence and righteousness are clear. Kublai Khan failed to persuade Wen Tianxiang to surrender, so he ordered Wen Tianxiang to be executed. After Wen Tianxiang's death, people found his suicide note. "Zan" in the book says: "Confucius said to be benevolent, and Mencius said to take justice and only do its righteousness. So what did you learn from reading sage books?" Sometimes, I feel innocent. "Righteousness" needs to be decided. Instant choice is a watershed to judge whether a person is morally noble or morally bankrupt. "Rite" is the performance of being a man. The ancients said: it is not strange to be polite to many people. China is an ancient country with civilized manners, and the courtesy of China people makes westerners stunned. Traditional China's great "rites" are all included in "benevolence", among which the most important ones are offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors, such as funeral and sacrifice. In ancient times, these rituals were very common, including superstition and mystery, which were reinterpreted and poeticized by Confucianism. This can be seen in the Confucian classics Xunzi, Book of Rites and Yili. These classics give a new explanation to sacrifice and give it a new meaning, making it a kind of poetry and ritual music. In Xunzi's On Music, there is such a passage: "People can't help being happy, but happiness can't be invisible. Without the shape of Tao, there must be no chaos. "The late king hated his chaos and pretended to praise the sound of pottery, making it pleasing enough without flowing, making his prose distinguishable without cursing, making it straightforward, complicated but not cheap, and his sense of rhythm was enough to move people's kindness and make his husband's evil spirits unreasonable, which was the first way for Wang Li to be happy." It can be seen that Xunzi believes that music is a tool of moral education, which forms the general view of Confucianism: ceremony is the expression of poetry. In traditional China, there are many etiquette that must be followed, such as the ceremony of monarch and minister, the ceremony of husband and wife, the ceremony of father and son, the ceremony of old and young, the ceremony of treating people with things and so on. Confucius said, "Disciple, if you enter, you will be filial; if you leave, you will be sincere; if you believe, you will believe; if you love others all the time, you will be kind." If you have spare capacity, you should study literature. "Confucius means: teenagers should be filial in front of their parents, respect their older brothers when they go out, talk less and do more at ordinary times, be sincere and trustworthy, be kind to others and make friends with kind people. If you still have extra strength, go and learn culture. " Confucius' words made the truth of benevolence, righteousness, propriety and righteousness very simple. "Faith" is an important pillar of China people's life. Confucius said, "Words must be kept, and words must bear fruit." If a person keeps his word, he can gain people's trust. With a high degree of credibility, he can do what he wants. On the other hand, if you don't keep your word, go back on your word and fool around for a while, no one will buy your account next time, and things will be over. Everyone understands the truth, but not everyone can do it. An honest and trustworthy person can give people a foundation of trust, which makes it much more convenient to do things, sometimes even difficult things, or things that are about to get into trouble, and maybe even "make great achievements." Some time ago, a TV series reflecting Shanxi merchants' culture was broadcasted in CCTV, and the hero Qiao Zhiyong's feat of doing business in good faith, winning the trust of the people and "connecting the world" was touching. In fact, this is a true story, and most of the content in the play was written by Qiao Zhiyong, a wealthy businessman in Qixian County and the third generation head of the Qiao family. As for his own way of doing business, he once said: "first, keep your promise;" Second, give lectures; Third, profit. " There are many stories about Qiao Zhiyong's integrity and integrity. Obviously, in the last few years, his Fu Sheng oil mill got a lot of linseed oil from Baotou and prepared to do a good business in Shaanxi. Who knows that the people who handled it had evil thoughts and mixed them with oil to make huge profits. After this incident was discovered by the owner, he not only ordered to stop selling linseed oil immediately, but also recovered all the linseed oil that had been sold and replaced it with authentic good oil for customers. In this way, on the surface, although Joe's firm suffered some losses, it invisibly improved its business reputation, which in turn made Joe's business more prosperous. As can be seen from the above examples, faith is the foundation of being a man. In China, it is almost impossible for a man who breaks his word to achieve great things. "Wisdom" obviously refers to human wisdom. Wisdom is the protagonist of life. A man without wisdom will never achieve anything in his life. People can't accomplish great things just by imagination. There is a lot of knowledge in doing things, and the most important thing is to give full play to one's wisdom. Wisdom is not born, you must keep learning and get the nourishment of knowledge to become a wise person. Confucius once said, "I was not born knowing, so I was sensitive to knowledge in ancient times." "The ancient philosopher Xunzi also said:" Don't learn. "If people stop learning, they will be slow. The old adage "Read thousands of books and Walk Wan Li Road" shows the importance of learning. Learning is not accomplished overnight, so we must start with dolls. Mencius, a famous thinker, politician and educator in the Warring States period, lost his father at the age of 3. In order to cultivate Mencius into a successful person, his mother was very picky about the choice of residence, for fear of adversely affecting her son's growth. In the past, the Meng family lived near the cemetery. Mencius often went into the cemetery with the children and played games similar to imitating graves and funerals. Meng Mu saw this in his eyes and was worried about it, so he moved his home to the center of the city. Who knows, it didn't take long for Mencius to imitate the peddler's peddling vividly. Meng Mu realized that she had moved to a different place this time, so she moved again and moved her family to a nearby school. Later, Mencius no longer imitated tasteless games such as "mourning" and "selling", but seriously imitated etiquette courses taught in schools. " Meng Mu smiled with relief, and the stone in his heart fell to the ground, and he settled down from then on. The story of "Three Movements in Meng Mu" has become a well-known story. There are countless examples of the ancients studying hard, and the well-known story of the ancients "hanging their heads and stabbing their legs" and "digging the wall and stealing light" is enough to explain everything. Knowledge sublimates into wisdom, and there is a process of learning and accumulation. "If incisive, if incisive, if grinding", you are talking about the influence of cultural knowledge on people. If you want to do well, you must always learn. Just like Liu Xiang, a Han Chinese, wrote in Shuo Yuan? Jane said: "Less and more eager to learn, like the sunrise; Strong and eager to learn, such as the light of Japan and China; Old and studious, bright as a candle. " Today, many parents spend a lot of money and pain to send their children to one school or another, so that they can get ahead when they grow up, or ask someone to "open a small kitchen", hoping that their children can become the first one one day and honor their ancestors, which is more or less influenced by traditional concepts. Why do people in China attach so much importance to learning? Because since ancient times, Confucianism has been instilled, and people must acquire knowledge from learning. Only with knowledge can they have wisdom, and wisdom is the basis of success in life. Since ancient times, benevolence, righteousness, propriety and wisdom in Confucianism have been regarded as sacred by China people, so many famous stories about these principles of life will be handed down from generation to generation for thousands of years.