Class is the basic unit for schools to implement education and teaching management. Students are the main body of the class. According to the characteristics and differences of each student's physiology, psychology, intelligence, character and conduct, the students who constitute the main body of the class can be divided into three levels: upper, middle and lower. Among them, the lower class students refer to some students who are temporarily behind in one or both aspects of their academic performance, ideological conduct, and are generally called underachievers. According to this, underachievers can be divided into three categories: (1) underachievers, that is, students' academic performance has been lagging behind for a long time because of their physiological and psychological factors or poor learning habits and unscientific learning methods under the influence of family and social environment; (2) Underachievers in ideological and moral conduct, that is, under the influence of family and social environment, students' moral character is low, and they are dissatisfied with everything, which often leads to violations of discipline, morality and even illegality; (3) They are underachievers with poor academic performance and ideological conduct. Such underachievers are biased in right and wrong, indifferent to learning, and indifferent to everything, and do not make progress. According to the behavior of underachievers, underachievers can also be divided into: emotional motivation, withdrawn personality, inferiority complex, improper methods, family discord and compound type. No matter what standard they are classified by, no matter what type of underachievers they are, they all have the following characteristics: low ideology and morality; Mental health is not complete; Lack of positive learning motivation and tough will quality; Bad behavior habits; The purpose of learning is not clear, and the learning attitude is not correct; Poor academic performance and other signs; However, some underachievers are active in thinking, flexible in mind, sensitive in response and have great potential, and some even have certain specialties and talents.
Second, according to the above-mentioned characteristics of underachievers, deeply analyze and study the causes of underachievers:
Doing a good job of transforming underachievers is helpful to optimize the style of study and class atmosphere, which is easy to teach and manage, and can improve the overall teaching performance of the class and save and change the fate of some students. Therefore, the transformation of underachievers is a common concern of families, schools and teachers, and it is also a difficult point in school education, which is of great significance. To do a good job in the transformation of underachievers, we must thoroughly study the causes of underachievers according to their characteristics. The causes of underachievers include many factors: < P > (1) Self-factors: Middle school students' physical and mental development is in a period of qualitative transformation, various physiological and psychological functions are becoming more and more mature and perfect, their intelligence is developing rapidly, and many new things suddenly emerge in a period of rapid physical and mental development, so that underage students have no time to digest and adapt to these changes, resulting in many negative emotional experiences psychologically. Explicit performance in behavior is obvious emotional tendency. They are often elated by a trivial matter, but also depressed and give up on themselves because of a trivial matter and a little setback. The rapid development of physical and mental immaturity and instability makes them impulsive, self-control ability easily controlled by emotions, weak will, lack of strong curiosity, greater dependence and lower control ability. Therefore, they are prone to behavioral deviation, and will develop bad behavior habits or ideological deviation for a long time.
(2) Family factors: Family has the function of educating children, and parents are their first teachers. Family education plays a very important role in the formation of children's ideological quality and character. Therefore, the analysis of the causes of underachievers must start from the family.
1. Subjective factors in the family: Some parents have improper family education methods and incorrect methods. Affected by the market economy, some parents are busy making money and are indifferent to their children's study; Or some parents spoil their children too much; Or too strict, lenient and strict; There are also some parents who only care about not teaching or neglect teaching, ignoring the care, education and guidance of their children's moral norms and study life, which eventually leads to the unclear learning purpose and incorrect learning attitude of their children, and it doesn't matter whether they study or not. Over time, their children's ideological understanding is biased and some bad behavior habits are formed, which is regarded as underachievers.
2. objective factors in the family: under the new situation of reform and opening up, people's lifestyles and ideas have undergone profound changes. Under the influence of the social environment, the degree of family stability is gradually declining, parents are not harmonious, or even divorced, or because of sudden family changes, children lose their father's love or mother's love, becoming single-parent families, causing strong contrast in life, making children's minds traumatized, unable to adapt to the external environment, resulting in psychological obstacles and becoming underachievers.
(3), school factors:
1, school environment factors: under the command of "exam-oriented guidelines", schools unilaterally pursue the enrollment rate, only pay attention to intellectual education, ignore moral education, pay attention to students' academic performance, ignore the formation and education process of students' moral character, coupled with the role of bad factors in the class environment and the influence of herd mentality, so that students' moral development lags behind, ideological deviation, and.
2. Teachers' factors: individual teachers lack correct views on education, talents and values, lack of theoretical cultivation, lack of scientific educational theories and methods, fail to better grasp the educational opportunity, violate the educational principle of "consistency and sincerity", and fail to treat students equally and show disrespect and consideration; Even reprimanding, sarcasm, ridicule and corporal punishment are often used, which over time makes some students suffer from the deterioration of teacher-student relationship due to coercion and intimidation, resulting in rebellious psychology or psychological obstacles, thus failing to treat the education of schools and teachers correctly and finally becoming underachievers. 4) Social factors: In the tide of reform, influenced by the incentives of market economic interests, some market entities (operators) adopt illegal business segments to pursue economic interests, which has a great impact on underage students; In addition, young students have strong curiosity and weak self-control ability; Therefore, it is easy to be influenced by bad factors in the social environment and form bad behavior habits. At the same time, bad cultural works such as literary and artistic works, pornographic books and periodicals, violent videos and films have also had a negative impact on the healthy growth of underage students.
Based on the above subjective and objective reasons, underachievers with different levels, types and representations have been formed, which makes the whole educational transformation of underachievers more complicated and arduous.
3. Countermeasures for the transformation of underachievers:
(1) Theoretical basis for the transformation of underachievers:
Teachers' transformation of underachievers is just like doctors' treatment of patients. First, they should make a careful diagnosis and understand the causes of underachievers, and then they can prescribe the right medicine. Diagnosis is research, which studies the physiological and psychological characteristics, causes, types, characteristics and manifestations of underachievers, fully understands their ideological status, family situation, study situation, life and making friends, finds out their details, and then takes certain measures to gradually remove the psychological obstacles and bad behaviors that hinder their progress. Therefore, the transformation of underachievers requires teachers to have theoretical knowledge of pedagogy and psychology, full ideological understanding and some transformation skills; Only in this way can we do a better, more effective and targeted job of transforming underachievers.
1. Psychological basis: Underachievers, like other students, are eager to be respected and cared for by their parents, teachers and classmates. However, due to their unsatisfactory academic performance, their behavior goals are difficult to meet the expectations and requirements of parents and teachers, so they are often accused and criticized. Therefore, most underachievers have a strong sense of inferiority psychologically, and over time, they have a rebellious mentality, which leads them to refuse all correct education from schools and teachers and give up on themselves. Therefore, teachers should care for underachievers with sincerity. Love is the starting point of transforming underachievers, the premise of education, trust is the beginning of education, caring for underachievers is the emotional foundation to help transform underachievers, and underachievers lack care and want trust most. As educators, teachers take the initiative to care for the underachievers, cherish every underachiever with motherly feelings, give them consideration and warmth everywhere, and melt the cold heart with enthusiasm to influence them. On this basis, teachers should respect and safeguard the personality of underachievers, respect their rights and obligations, wishes and emotions, demands and opinions, trust and care for them, inspire and guide them to correctly understand their own shortcomings and mistakes, encourage them to bid farewell to the past, repent, integrate into the collective, and make progress and develop together with their classmates.
Only by respecting and caring for underachievers, can teachers arouse the emotional "* * *" of teachers and students, effectively eliminate the inferiority complex and alert psychology of underachievers, urge them to be honest with teachers, communicate with them with confidence, heal the pain in their hearts with love, restore their self-esteem and reason, and be full of confidence and courage in their study and life, so as to eliminate psychological obstacles, form a good personality psychology, and gradually transform them into good students that everyone expects.
2. Ideological basis: In the transformation process of underachievers, we should pay attention to the repetitiveness of underachievers. It is impossible for underachievers to completely get rid of their bad behavior habits and mistakes in a short period of time. Obviously, the transformation of underachievers is a long-term and arduous task, because underachievers are repetitive, which requires teachers to be patient, pay close attention to repetition, actively guide them, be patient, careful and persistent, and don't lose confidence in him because he makes mistakes again. If so, We should be tolerant of the mistakes made by underachievers. But it is by no means connivance, we must follow closely and correct it, put forward strict requirements, and promote progress bit by bit until it is corrected. For the underachievers with poor grades, it is more necessary to be patient, make a determination for him in stages and step by step, and help him build up confidence. As long as he can arouse a little interest in learning, he will take the first step of success. Remember not to ask him at a normal level, let alone use language to damage him, so as not to hurt his self-esteem; Step by step carefully, there will be a qualitative change one day.
2. Family cooperation: The family has the function of educating children, and parents are their first teachers. Family education plays a very important role in the formation of children's ideological quality and character. The causes and changes of underachievers are closely related to family education. Therefore, the transformation of underachievers should be supported and cooperated by parents. Teachers should take the initiative to strengthen the relationship between home and school, require parents' ideas to be consistent with the school's ideas, convey the school's educational ideas to parents, and urge families to cooperate with the school's educational transformation work. In doing student work, we should also give priority to reasoning, less scolding, no lectures, more encouragement, do a good job in ideological and political work, and put forward strict requirements, so that students can feel the care of their parents and the warmth of their families. In this way, with the cooperation of schools and families and the strong educational force of two-pronged approach, the transformation effect will be more obvious. Don't be eager to succeed, and when you see that your children are far from your expectations, you should stimulate them with words and deeds. This will not only help, but also increase the difficulty of transforming underachievers.
In addition, in the process of transformation of underachievers, teachers should also be good at using some basic skills: 2. Transformation skills:
(1) Teachers should pay special attention to creating a United, friendly, equal and positive class atmosphere and creating a positive and enterprising environment for underachievers. Environment influences people, and environment makes people. It is not only the needs of class management, outstanding students, but also the needs of underachievers to actively create a United, friendly, positive and progressive class atmosphere, cultivate students' positive and optimistic spirit, mobilize the collective strength to drive the progress of all students, and stimulate each student's learning motivation and emotion. As a class teacher, first of all, we should not discriminate against underachievers. We should treat every student equally, set up a good teacher image for students and set an example for them to learn. In addition, it is necessary to educate students, especially outstanding students, to be United and friendly, to do a good job in classmates' relations, especially with backward students, to actively advocate encouraging outstanding students to pair up with backward students to help students make progress, and to pay attention to the collocation of grades in dormitory arrangement; Pay attention to the combination of good and bad in the ranking of seats; Pay full attention to students' complementary personalities; Pay more attention to the opportunities and positions of underachievers in class meetings, team activities and the composition of class committees; Make them feel the unity, friendship, equality and warmth of the class at all times, without discrimination, indifference and prejudice, make them feel their value to the class at all times, and get beneficial influence and help in a good class atmosphere, so as to better stimulate their learning enthusiasm. Therefore, the construction of class spirit and the cultivation of collective consciousness and team consciousness are more important for underachievers.
(2) Teachers should know big goals and take small steps. The bad behavior habits of underachievers can't be changed overnight, so we can divide the overall goal into several small requirements, so that they can easily achieve it, experience the joy of success constantly, and thus constantly build confidence. Change the bad behavior habits of underachievers step by step.
(3) Teachers should be good at discovering the bright spots of underachievers, fully tap their potentials and specialties, and make use of them. Using appreciation education, we should consciously create an environment for them to display their special skills in classes, schools and families, encourage them to enter the role, give play to their potential and special skills, get the affirmation of others, stimulate their internal drive, and enhance their self-esteem and self-confidence, so as to consciously correct their mistakes and make continuous progress.
(4) Teachers should be good at using "cold treatment" and "heat treatment" when dealing with the mistakes of underachievers. "Cold treatment" means that teachers sometimes ignore the problems that occur among students, turn a blind eye, deliberately remain indifferent, and deal with them later. "Heat treatment" means that some events or contradictions in the class should be triggered and remedied in time. Good use of "cold treatment" and "heat treatment" means to control the temperature, grasp the discretion, and choose the right time, that is, to be moderate. Teachers should make it clear that "cold" and "heat" are relative and dynamic, and the choice of "cold treatment" or "heat treatment" must depend on people, time and things.
(5) Teachers should set an example by themselves and influence underachievers with noble personality charm. "The power of example is infinite." Teachers' words and deeds have a subtle influence on students. Image moral examples can arouse students' imitation psychology and have a deeper influence on students than language education. If a teacher doesn't make progress, complains about others, pulls a long face all day and is irresponsible for his work, students will think he is hypocritical and dishonest, thus resenting his preaching. Therefore, teachers must be strict with themselves, do what they say, set an example for students, and the best education is to educate with truth. Suhomlinki believes that knowledge can be transformed into belief only when behavior brings realism to students and inspires them to leave happy, exciting and energetic feelings in their hearts.
(6) Teachers should insist on positive education and care for underachievers. Mr. Lu Xun said: "Education is rooted in love". Love is the premise of education, trust is the beginning of education, and respecting and caring for underachievers is the emotional basis for transforming underachievers. As a teacher, we should take the initiative to care for and respect the underachievers, and be considerate and careful in life; Help improve in study, insist on encouraging praise and positive education, but pay attention to timeliness and moderation, treat underachievers with a "development" perspective, and firmly believe that they are settled in love and care.