Worrying about the constitution and seeking goodness is enough to smell it, but not enough to move the public. The sage is far away, enough to move the public, not enough to turn the people. If a gentleman wants to turn people into customs; Must learn.

If [the rulers] can think deeply about national affairs, [and] encourage good people to [help themselves govern the country], they can win a little reputation, [but] they can't impress people. [If] Corporal Lixian, be close to people far away. You can touch the hearts of the masses, but it is impossible to educate the people. It seems that only through school education can the rulers educate the people and cultivate good manners and customs.

Jade is not cut, not a tool; People don't learn or know. Therefore, the ancient king, establishing the people, teaching first. Explain clearly: "Reading the final code means learning", that's what it means!

Jade is not a tool; Similarly, people can't understand the truth without learning. Therefore, in ancient times, emperors started with education, built the country and ruled the people. Shangshu said: "Never forget education", that's what it means!

Although there are good dishes, food does not know its use; Although there is supreme Tao, Buddhism does not know its goodness. Therefore, learning is not enough, and teaching is difficult.

Even if there is a good dish, you don't know its delicacy if you don't eat it; No matter how good the truth is, you can't know its benefits without studying it. Therefore, only by studying can we know our own shortcomings, and only by teaching can we really feel confused.

If you don't know enough, then you can reverse; Advance despite difficulties, and then strive for self-improvement. So teaching and learning are also beneficial. He said "learning half" to his life, that's what he meant!

If you don't know enough, you can turn around and spur yourself; If you are confused, you can continue to study hard. Therefore, teaching and learning complement each other. Shangshu Dui Mingpian said: "Teaching and learning are two sides of the same thing". That's what it means!

The ancient religion, the family has a school, the party has problems, the art is orderly, and the state-owned learning. Admission the following year, middle-aged exam. Different from the classic year; Three-year-old professional music group; Five years teaching experience; Seven years, learn from each other and make friends; Call it a small success. It is a great achievement to know the class well for nine years, stand firm and never return.

The ancient education system was like this: there were schools in [every twenty-five] schools, parties in [every five hundred] schools, preface in [every twenty-five thousand] schools and universities in Beijing. The university enrolls students every year and assesses the results every other year. In the first year, examine students' ability and interest in analyzing texts; In the third year, we will examine whether students' professional ideas are consolidated and whether students can help each other. In the fifth year, whether the students' knowledge is extensive or not, and whether the students love their teachers; In the seventh year, students' ability to discuss knowledge and identify friends is investigated; [Qualified] is called "Cheng Xiao". By the ninth year, students have been able to draw inferences from others, and their views and actions are firm. This is the so-called "Dacheng".

Husband is enough to turn people into customs, those who are close to persuade them, and those who are far away are pregnant. This is also the way of university. Remember: "There is a time for moths to put out the fire", that's what it means!

Only in this way can we receive the effect of educating the people and changing customs, so that people in front of us can be convinced and people in the distance can yearn for a return. This is the process of university teaching. The ancient book says that "small ants always follow big ants", doesn't it explain this truth?

At the beginning of university education, Pigou sacrificed vegetables to show his respect for Taoism. The night is elegant, and the official is also beginning. Sun also enrolled in school. Two things in early summer, accept their prestige. If you don't look at your studies, you swim in ambition. Watch the time to talk and keep your heart. The young people listened and asked, but they couldn't wait to learn. These seven religions are also great.

At the beginning of the university, [officials should] wear dresses, prepare sacrificial dishes and hold sacrifices to show respect for teachers and respect for Taoism. Students often recite Xiaoya repeatedly and cultivate their interest in being an official from the beginning. When students go to school, they should open their books according to the drums so that they can pay attention to their studies. There is a pointer in [university] to maintain a clean and serious order. [Instructor] Check the students' grades after the summer vacation, so that students can study with peace of mind according to their own interests. Teachers often check and guide students' learning, but don't instill it, in order to cultivate students' habit of thinking hard. Young students just listen and don't ask, in order to let them learn step by step. These seven things are the basic program of university education.

Remember: "Learning to be excellent is to be an official, to be an official first, and to be a scholar first", that's what it means. The same is true of teaching in universities: you should have a proper job when teaching and live on campus when you retire.

The ancient book says, "In the matter of education, the responsibility of teachers lies in their due diligence first, and the responsibility of students lies in their determination first." That's what it means. The way for universities to carry out education is to have regular classes at the specified time, and there are also various extracurricular assignments between classes.

If you don't learn to hold the string, you can't set the string; If you don't learn bo yi, you can't learn poetry; Do not learn miscellaneous clothes; No manners. If you don't like your art, you can't enjoy learning. Therefore, a gentleman is learning, practicing in seclusion, and working on his own. Then the husband learns from his teacher, loves his friends and believes in his way, so he has no objection to leaving the teacher.

[Because, after class] if you don't learn zaju, you can't learn the piano and harp well [in class]; If you don't learn singing after class, you can't learn poetry well in class. If you don't learn chores such as sweeping the floor, coping, advancing and retreating after class, you won't learn good manners in class. In short, students can't learn the main courses well without advocating extracurricular skills. Therefore, people who are good at learning study hard when they study and like to play acrobatics when they rest. In this way, they can succeed in their studies, be close to their teachers, be willing to make friends, stick to their beliefs, and leave their teachers and friends in the future without violating their teaching.

He said to his life, "It's a good idea to respect the sensitivity of his grandson and learn from him." !

"Shangshu" said: "Pay attention to your studies, step by step, and work hard in time, and you can achieve something in your studies." That's what it means!

Nowadays, teachers are moaning that they are full of information and words, and then they ignore their own safety. People can't help being sincere, and teaching people can't make the best use of it. What it does is the opposite, and what it seeks is Buddha. However, if you are a husband, you will learn from him and get sick from his teacher. You will suffer from his difficulties and not know his benefits. Although it will end in a career, it will go quickly. Teaching is not punishment, that is why!

Now teachers [only know] to read the text, instill a lot, and only pay attention to the progress, regardless of whether the students can accept it or not. They don't consider the inherent requirements of students and can't give full play to their talents. Their teaching methods are unreasonable and their requirements are not in line with reality. As a result, students hate studying and resent their teachers. They only feel the hardships of learning and don't know the benefits of learning. Even if you barely graduate, you will soon forget all about it. This is the reason why education is ineffective!

University law: it is forbidden to say underdevelopment; When it can be called; Don't care, call Sun; Looking at each other is good, called friction. These four things are all taught by Xing Jiao.

The principle of university education is this: nip in the bud, which is called prevention; Seize the opportunity to educate, which is called timeliness; Education [step by step] does not leapfrog, which is called adaptation to [nature]; Learn from each other and learn from each other. It's called observation. These four points are the factors for the success of education.

If it is issued and then banned, it will be overwhelming. If you study outside your time, you will work hard and it will be difficult to achieve. No grandchildren, messy and untidy. Studying alone without friends is ignorance. Yan Peng rebelled against his teacher, and Yan Bi abandoned school. What these six teachers taught was abandoned.

[If] things are prohibited after they happen, there will be resistance and it will be difficult to correct them; If you miss the opportunity to study in the future, you will break down from constant overwork and it will be difficult to achieve. If [we] don't conform to [nature] and teach at will, [education] will fall into a chaotic situation and can't achieve results. If you study alone and have no friends, your views will be narrow and your knowledge will be limited. Careless friends will violate the teacher's teaching; Three friends and four friends will neglect their studies if they talk about indecent things. These six points are the reasons for the failure of education.

A gentleman knows both teaching and being taught, and then he can be a teacher. Therefore, the teaching metaphor of a gentleman is also: Tao leads the way; Strong and introverted; Kelfuda Road leads to harmony; Easy to be strong and easy to restrain; Open your mind. Harmony with Louise is a good metaphor.

Only by understanding the factors of educational success and the reasons of educational failure can teachers be competent for their work. Therefore, excellent teachers are good at education through induction, [that is] guiding students without guiding them; Encourage students instead of pushing them away; Enlighten students rather than draw conclusions for them. Only by guiding students rather than leading them can the relationship between teachers and students be harmonious; Encourage students instead of pushing them away, they will feel comfortable when they study; Only when students are inspired to draw conclusions instead of taking their place can they think independently. Harmony between teachers and students, easy study and independent thinking of students are all the results of being good at induction.

Scholars have four mistakes, and teachers must know them. People learn too much, or lose too little, or lose too easily, or stop. These four hearts are different.

There are four kinds of students' shortcomings, which teachers can't help but know. In learning, some students have the shortcomings of being greedy, some students are narrow-minded and ignorant, some students are reckless and brave, and some students are afraid of difficulties. The root of these four shortcomings is the different mentality of students.

Know his heart, and then you can recover his loss. Teach the good, save the lost. A good singer makes people follow his voice; A good teacher can make people realize their ambitions. His words are also true, but they are subtle and difficult to compare, which can be described as following the crowd.

In order to correct students' shortcomings, we must understand their ideas. The function of education lies in developing students' advantages and overcoming their shortcomings. A good singer can make the audience sing [Nature] with him; Similarly, an excellent teacher can make students follow him [voluntarily]. His explanation is concise and thorough, implicit and appropriate, and there are not many examples, but it can explain the problem and make students follow him voluntarily.

A gentleman knows the difficulty of learning, the beauty and evil of learning, and then he can make a metaphor. It can be a metaphor, then it can be a teacher. If you can be a teacher, then you can be a teacher, then you can be a teacher, then you can be a king. Teachers should also learn to be kings. Therefore, you should not be careless when choosing a teacher. Remember: "Three kings and four generations are only their teachers", that's what it means!

Teachers know that students' levels and qualifications are different, and then they can be induced in many ways. Only those who are good at inducing in many ways can be teachers. Only when you can be a teacher can you be an official, and only when you can be an official can you be king, so a teacher is someone who can learn from him the art of governing. It can be seen that the selection of teachers can not but be cautious. The ancient book says: "The selection of teachers is the most important in three kings and four generations", which is the truth!

For a strict teacher, any learning method is difficult. Teacher Yan respected the Tao, and the Tao respected the people and respected learning. Therefore, the place where you are not a minister is the second: when you are a corpse, you are a minister; When he was a teacher, he was also a servant. The gift of a college student, although written, respects the teacher.

In education, the most difficult thing is to respect teachers and attach importance to morality. [Because] Respecting teachers and stressing morality can make people pay attention to learning. Therefore, in the two cases, the king's attitude towards his courtiers is different: [that is,] when his courtiers play the victim in the sacrificial ceremony, they treat him differently; Detained officials are teachers, not detained officials. According to university etiquette, it is impolite for a teacher to tell a book to the king, that is, to respect the teacher.

A good scholar can learn from his teacher and get twice the result with half the effort, which makes him mediocre. Poor scholars complain because they study hard and get half the result. A good questioner is like a hard worker; The first one is easy, then the procedure; For a long time, I will explain it to you. People who are not good at asking questions are the opposite.

Teachers who are good at learning spend little energy and get great results. They can express their gratitude to their teachers. For those who are not good at learning, the teacher spends a lot of energy and has little effect, but will blame the teacher. People who are good at asking questions [asking questions is like cutting hard wood]; First cut from the place where it is easy to cut, and then cut the joint of wood; Over time, [joints] can be cut at will. People who are not good at asking questions are just the opposite.

Be kind to the questioner like a bell: those who knock lightly will ring, those who knock loudly will ring, wait for him calmly, and then make his loudest sound, while those who are not good at answering questions will do the opposite. This is the way to learn.

People who are good at answering questions seem to be ringing bells. Light blow, small ring, heavy blow, loud ring; Play calmly and ring calmly. People who are not good at answering questions are just the opposite. These are all some teaching methods.

It is not enough to be a teacher, but also to listen to the language. Force can't ask, let's talk. I don't know what I said, but I can give up.

A little knowledge learned by rote learning alone is not qualified to be a teacher. You must be good at explaining according to students' questions. Only when students can't ask questions can they be told directly. If you don't understand, don't go on.

A son who is good at smelting must learn to be a prostitute; The son of a good bow must learn to be a basket; On the contrary, the first driver is in front of the horse. Only a gentleman who abides by these three points can have an interest in learning.

The son of an excellent smelter must first learn to embed leather into clothes; The son of a good bowmaker must first learn to weave baskets with willow branches; This pony is a beginner [contrary to our habit]. It follows the car. When people understand these three truths, they will know how to learn.

Ancient literati were uglier than things. Drums are not worth five tones, and five tones are not harmonious; Water does not deserve five colors, and five colors do not deserve chapters; Learning is not suitable for the five senses, and the five senses are incurable; Teachers don't deserve five clothes, and five clothes don't kiss.

Drum is not equal to pentatonic, but without drum, pentatonic is not harmonious; Ancient scholars were good at understanding the relationship between things from the analogy of things. Water is not equal to five colors, but without water, five colors are not clear; Learning is not equal to the five senses, but without learning, the five senses will not play a role; The teacher is not among the five clothes, but without the teacher, the relationship between the five clothes is not intimate.

The gentleman said: Dade is not an official; Avenue is not a device; Daxin does not agree; When you get older, it will be uneven. Observe these four things, and you can be interested in this.

Therefore, the person with the highest virtue is not limited to holding official positions; Universal truth is not limited to explaining a specific thing; The most trustworthy person can keep his promise without entering into a contract; The most punctual person can be punctual without crossing the line. If you understand these four truths, you will understand that [learning] should start from the roots.

The sacrifices made by the three kings to Sichuan were both the first and the last, either the source or the winding. This is called a service manual.

[Ancient] When the three kings sacrificed to the river, they all sacrificed to the river first and then to the sea, because the river was the source and the sea was the destination. This is the significance of attaching importance to fundamentals.

Fu Rengan: Yukime, 198 1.