1. How to say "talk" in classical Chinese
On
Interpretation lùn
①<; action>; discuss; discuss. "Chu Shi Biao": "Every time I talk to my ministers about this matter, I sigh and hate Huan Ling."
②<; move>; assess rewards and punishments; judge. "Shi Shi Biao": "It is advisable to pay you a punishment and a reward."
③<; move>; say. "Peach Blossom Spring": "I don't know that there was Han and no Wei and Jin."
④<; Action> Debate. "Historical Records?" "Biography of Wei Qiwu Anhou": "Today's Court~."
⑤<;motion>; research; discussion. "Five Beetles": "~The things in the world are due to preparation."
⑥
⑦
Discussion
Interpretation yì
①<; Action>; Discussion ;discuss. "The Biography of Qu Yuan": "When you enter, you will be in charge of the affairs of state with the king, so as to issue orders."
②
Discuss and comment on good and bad, right and wrong. 2. How to say "chat" in classical Chinese
In classical Chinese, or ancient Chinese, the meaning of "chat" is expressed by "talk" or "lun". The word "chao" has no meaning of conversation, let alone the word "tian".
Words such as "talking about the wind" and "talking loudly" are often used in ancient texts. Modern people also like to use modern vocabulary such as meeting and meeting, but the original meaning of the word "hui" is to meet and gather. The word "hui" for "meeting" does not express the meaning of conversation, but only expresses the meaning of "meeting and gathering". The word "meet" also has no meaning of discussion. It can be said that modern Chinese has gone too far away from Chinese characters, and gradually it is no longer a writing system.
In ancient times, people often used "words" to express themselves when talking to each other. It has the following meanings:
1. Talk; talk
2. Another example: Hua Ye (night talk); Hua Xin (heart-to-heart talk); Hua Yu (friends) Get together to talk about old things)
3. Tell. Such as: Huoxin (oral message); Huokou (dialect, tone; tone)
4. Used at the end of a partial sentence in a hypothetical complex sentence. Such as: If this is the case, I will not participate.
5. It is equivalent to the meaning of chapter chapter. For example, the book "Head of China" is divided into twenty chapters.
Extended information:
In ancient Chinese poetry, various techniques are often used to express the meaning of conversation.
For example, Meng Haoran in the Tang Dynasty visited his old friend's village: "Open the garden in front of the garden, and talk about mulberry and hemp over wine." It means opening the window and facing the garden, drinking wine and talking about the growth of mulberry and hemp. "Hua Sangma" here means chatting.
Another example is "How can you cut the candles from the west window and talk about the rainy night in Bashan." The "talk" here means chatting.
Sogou Encyclopedia—Hua 3. Translation of Classical Chinese (Tai Bo is good at talking)
Less knowledgeable, but good at talking. When he arrived in Luoyang, no one knew him. Chen Liufulong saw that he was a talented person and introduced him to Henan Yin Li Ying. Li Ying said that he was knowledgeable, elegant and knowledgeable. Such people are rare in China today. Later, he became famous in Luoyang. He had a clear understanding of people, liked to reward and train scholars, and traveled around the country. When we went to Mao Rong's house for dinner, Mao Rong killed a chicken and gave it to his mother first, then divided half of it and put it in the pavilion at the door for passers-by to eat. Tai made him his friend, recommended Taixue, and became a great virtue. He recommended countless virtuous scholars, including Julu Mengmin, Chen Guotongzi Wei Zhao, Chen Liuzuo Yuan, etc. The fortune teller was very accurate. When he saw Huang Yun, a famous scholar at that time, he persuaded him countless times, thinking that his reputation would be ruined after his death. Later, Yuan Wei agreed with his daughter as his wife, and Huang Yunguo was deposed at that time.
At that time, the great virtue Fan Pang praised him as "hidden without violating relatives, chaste without ceasing to be unconventional, the emperor cannot accept his ministers, the princes cannot make friends, I don't know anything else."
” 4. What are some famous classical Chinese sentences about what friends are?
Friendship is a kind of gentle and calm love, guided by reason and formed by habits. It grows from long-term understanding and Produced by mutual agreement, without jealousy or fear
- Homer friendship is always a sweet responsibility, never an opportunity - Gibran True friendship is like fire. —Be the brightest in the darkest moments around you.
——D.M. True friendship is a plant that grows slowly. ——Washington Goodwill produces happiness, and civilization brings harmony.
——Hugo’s best friends are like different bodies and one mind. ——Aristotle The most beautiful thing in the world is to have a few serious friends with integrity in mind and heart.
—— Einstein You may forget those who have laughed with you; but you will never forget those who have cried with you - Gibran A person who has no friends or enemies is an ordinary person.
——Rafat treats everyone equally, treats a few people sincerely, and does not owe anyone anything. ——Shakespeare Among all kinds of loneliness, people are most afraid of spiritual loneliness.
——Barr. Where a person may perish alone, two people may be saved together. What Balzac can best do to his friends is often not money or any material aid, but his kind attitude and cheerful conversation. , an expression of sympathy and pure praise
——Franklin, American politician and scientist Friendship is a palliative when we are sad, a reliever for ***, and an outlet for our stress. , our refuge in times of disaster, our negotiator in times of hesitation, the freshener for our brains, the outlet for our thoughts, and the exercise and improvement of our contemplation - Jeremy Taylor, Friendship among American Statesmen, A noble and beautiful friendship based on mutual respect, deep sympathy, never malicious envy of others' achievements, and cultivating a sense of collective interests above all else.
- Osterloh. Sir, if a person does not pay attention to making new friends in his life, he will feel lonely. Sir, people should constantly enrich their friendship with others.
——Ser. Johnson, British writer. Sincere and very sensible friendship is a priceless treasure in life. Whether you can keep your word to your friends and always be a person worthy of them is your soul, character, and psychology. As for the best test of morality.
——Marx, the German thinker and philosopher, the longest friendship can give people the most joy, not to mention this wise saying: "Live together." Friendships between many people are unbreakable only when they are in adversity. ”
——Cicero, the ancient Roman orator and politician’s best friend is the kind of person who doesn’t like to talk much, can talk to you silently and is in close communication with you. ——Golky Enemies and friends work together to break your heart.
When your enemies slander you, your friends rush to tell you. ——Mark Twain True friendship can tolerate the advice of friends.
——Cicero Friendship is the wine of life ——Younger only needs a lift to make friends in good times; finding friendship in times of difficulty is simply more difficult than reaching the sky. .
——Epictetus In addition to the concept of disinterest, mutual respect seems to be another key point of friendship. ——Moroa If a friend is blind, I will look at him from the side. /p>
——Jouber Many people who appear to be friends are not actually friends, and many who are friends do not appear to be friends. ——Democritus It is not too far to go to the moon; we have to go. The greatest distance is still between us.
——De Gaulle Friendship is a school that cultivates people’s emotions. ——Sukhomlinsky If friendship can adjust people’s emotions, then friendship is also a school. One function is to enhance people's wisdom.
- Bacon For wise people, advice is superfluous; for fools, advice is not enough. - Molière's portrait of friendship. As pure as the morning fog, flattery cannot win friendship, friendship can only be consolidated with loyalty.
——Marx The way we make friends should be to give benefits to others rather than asking for them. This kind of friendship is the most reliable.
——Thucydius Even the most sacred friendship may have secrets hidden in it, but you must not misunderstand your friend just because you cannot guess his secret. ——Beethoven The so-called friendship is a transaction between equal people without the relationship of interest.
——Goers The person who receives the favor must always keep the favor deep in his heart, but the person who gives the favor must not remember it. ——Cicero Friendship is a means of virtue, and it is a virtue in itself, a common virtue.
——Feuerbach We should not tarnish friendship by trying to maintain it at any cost. If friendship must be sacrificed for the greater love, there is no way around it; but if it can be maintained, then it can truly reach perfection.
——Tagore If friendship is once destroyed, even love cannot restore it. ——"Five Volumes" If the feelings between friends are sincere, enemies will have no opportunity to take advantage of them.
——Sadie Smart people should try their best to build friendship instead of making hatred. ——"Five Volumes" Friendship is always a sweet responsibility, never an opportunity.
——Kahlil Gibran Only when people treat each other sincerely can they be true friends. Anyone who plots against his friends is deceiving himself.
——Alhaji Abubakar Emang Friendship is often formed by a common interest that is easier to achieve for two people than for one person. This relationship can only be achieved when there is mutual satisfaction. is pure. ——Strindberg The songs of friendship, activity and youth will alleviate our pain.
——Kontzkewicz Friendship is the most virtuous mother of generosity and honor, the sister of gratitude and kindness, the mortal enemy of hatred and greed; it is always ready to sacrifice itself for others, and is completely out of it. Yu voluntarily does not need to be asked by others. ——Boccaccio The best way to maintain friendship is not to do anything to him, and not to lend him money.
——Paul Leaving aside friendship, we cannot talk about youth, because friendship is the most beautiful flower that embellishes youth. - Daisaku Ikeda Compromise is not a solid foundation for any friendship.
——Tagore A common man should not make friends carelessly. Friends, so they have each other.
——Xun Kuang If a scholar has jealous friends, then virtuous ministers will not be close to each other; if the king hinders his ministers, then virtuous ministers will not come to him. ——Xun Kuang If two people are of the same mind, their sharpness will break through metal; if they speak of the same mind, their fragrance will be like orchids.
——"Yi·. 5. Understanding of classical Chinese
1. Analysis of the necessity of creating a good atmosphere for learning classical Chinese.
The "New Chinese Curriculum Standards" emphasizes: "Read simple classical Chinese and be able to understand the basic content with the help of annotations and reference books." It can be said that the "New Chinese Curriculum Standards" have lowered the requirements for learning classical Chinese, and the classical Chinese for the high school entrance examination The exam topics were limited to the textbooks. Logically speaking, I should have achieved quite satisfactory results, but the result was the opposite, which was quite unexpected. The author surveyed more than 50 middle school Chinese teachers and found that in the process of teaching classical Chinese, most teachers attach great importance to sentence translation, memory, and targeted exercises, and the teaching process is rigorous.
However, in the process of learning classical Chinese, most students think that the process of learning classical Chinese in this way is boring, inefficient, and they do not have a deep understanding. They are as confused as learning another foreign language. They even feel that the teacher has taken great pains to teach it well. Classical Chinese is the teacher's wishful thinking, and students can only "submit it." The reasons why learning classical Chinese is not efficient are analyzed by the author as follows: 1. Students are out of the context of understanding classical Chinese.
Classical Chinese is indeed not like modern literature, which allows students to read it fluently and understand its meaning at once. It is difficult for students to accept the cumbersome process of carefully considering words and sentences in translation, to understand the stubborn expressions of classical Chinese, and to appreciate the true and rich expression of the emotions of the ancients.
For example, in "Zou Ji satirized the King of Qi for Accepting Admonitions", Zou Ji asked his wife, concubines, and guests the same question, "Who is more beautiful than Mr. Xu in the north of the city?" His wife said: "You are so beautiful, how can Mr. Xu be as beautiful as you?" ", the concubine said: "How can Mr. Xu be as beautiful as the king?" The guest said: "Gong Xu is not as beautiful as the king."
” They answered in unison, with the same meaning but different sentence patterns. The words were slightly changed, but they expressed different tones and different psychology of different characters.
Students often have trouble understanding the words and sentences as soon as they understand the above. Competing in style, and then rushing to answer the teacher's question "why the tone is different" without understanding it in the specific story situation. In this way, the understanding of classical Chinese is superficial and dull, and the grasp is hasty and unstable.
< p> 2. Students are out of the context of applying classical Chinese. Zhao Pu’s “Half of the Analects Rules the World” illustrates the importance of applying what one has learned to the context.However, in daily life, students do not deliberately use classical Chinese in communication. Expression, I think it is a relatively pedantic expression, as evidenced by Kong Yiji's "There are too many, not too many". In the teaching classroom, we teachers may also ignore the particularity of the use of classic sentences in different situations.
For example: "The drunkard is not interested in drinking." Teachers often describe the United States' high-profile performance of human rights at the United Nations and interpret it as an ulterior motive. However, at this time, "the drunkard is not interested in drinking." , it is not appropriate to understand it this way in "The Drunkard's Pavilion"
In fact, the use of classical Chinese also requires students to have a certain cultural taste. Due to the limitations of students' cultural quality, students are not familiar with the new and simple online language. They have a special liking for classical Chinese, but ignore the (application of) classical Chinese.
3. Students leave the context of classical Chinese and humanities. Classical Chinese contains rich poetic and painting connotations, exudes unique cultural charm, and embodies profound meaning.
However, students seem to be unable to appreciate the subtleties of classical Chinese. For example, in the article "Born in Worry and Die in Peace", students understood the article's "consciousness of sorrow" and "adversity produces talents." However, when asked about the modern significance of the sense of urgency and how to become talents, students are at a loss and are at a loss.
The key lies in the lack of humanistic situations in classical Chinese, which is the requirement. Students pay attention to contemporary social and cultural life, pay attention to their own quality, and strive to be well-educated in classical Chinese learning, improve their taste in life, and cultivate healthy personalities.
For example, the creation of a humanistic situation of "worry awareness" allows students to worry about worries. War in peaceful times, the environment in a developing society, terminal diseases in a better life... let students learn the broad mind of the ancients, shoulder the responsibility of inheriting excellent civilization, and establish a correct outlook on life and values. It can be seen that creating classical Chinese learning. A good atmosphere for classical Chinese learning is very necessary.
2. Strategic thinking on creating a good atmosphere for learning classical Chinese. Since learning classical Chinese requires a good situation, and it is so important to create a good atmosphere for learning classical Chinese. They should think strategically about it.
1. Chanting and reciting require students to read aloud, read correctly and fluently, and visualize the language in cadences, beautifying and deepening their emotions. Students are immersed in it, can read the flavor of the article and gain something.
"Read old books without getting tired of reading them a hundred times, and you will know yourself if you read them thoroughly and think deeply." "Read three hundred Tang poems by heart, and you can recite them even if you don't know how to compose them." This is the exquisite presentation of chanting and satirical recitation. For example: in the "Chen She Family", the repeated reading of "Fa Lu Zuo is suitable for garrison in Yuyang, and nine hundred people are stationed in Daze Township" is distinguished from "Fa Lu Zuo is suitable for garrison in Yuyang, and nine hundred people are stationed in Daze Township". Qin Xing We have a profound understanding of the history of corvee service and the banishment of people to the garrison.
In "Zou Ji satirized King Qi for accepting advice", King Qi Wei said "good" after Zou Ji satirized him. One word is concise, pure and properly used, which shows King Qi Wei's affirmation of Zou Ji's advice and shows that he is a courageous and enlightened monarch.
Therefore, when the word "kind" is read, the majesty and wisdom of King Qi Wei should be read in the short sound, and the bold mind of King Qi Wei should be read in the high pitch. A generation of wise kings can be described as similar in appearance and spirit. 2. Savor insights and focus on self-cultivation. Regarding the teaching of classical Chinese, Mr. Ye Shengtao believes: "When reciting, you not only understand intellectually what you have learned, but also experience it intimately. Unknowingly, the content and principles become the readers themselves. This is the most precious state."
When Tao Yuanming read, he "appreciated the wonderful articles and analyzed the doubts", and "every time he understood something, he happily forgot to eat." , is a good example.
In "Yueyang Tower", when we chant Fan Zhongyan's great political ambition of "worrying about the world's worries first, and rejoicing after the world's happiness", we should also appreciate "worry first and happiness later", that is, "endear hardship first, enjoy happiness later" practical significance.
When we sing about the sacredness of "Sacrificing one's life for righteousness" in "Fish I Want", we should also feel the will of people with lofty ideals in the past generations to sacrifice their lives for the country and generously face hardships. Through taste and perception, students can experience it intimately, making the study of classical Chinese interesting and interesting; students' unique aesthetic taste also makes the connotation of classical Chinese shine brightly.
At the same time, students also absorb and internalize the excellent cultural essence, achieve perfection, and improve their own cultural accomplishment to varying degrees. 3. Accumulate and understand and apply what you have learned. Ouyang Xiu's poem says: "Learning is accumulated in the heart, just like wood.