1. Historical geography is a discipline that studies the evolution law of geographical environment in historical periods. The Atlas of China Ethnic History written by Mr. Tan Qixiang, the main founder and pioneer of historical geography in China, shows that today's Xiangyang Longzhong was under the jurisdiction of Deng County, Nanyang County (this fact was recorded in historical books before the Yuan Dynasty, such as Hanshu, Jinshu, Chunqiu, Ji Shu, The History of the Three Kingdoms, Shuijing Annotation and Yuanhe County Records). "Nanyang" in Nanyang Geng refers to Nanyang County, which not only includes Nanyang City in Henan Province today, but also governs some places in Hubei Province today. Today, Nanyang County and Nanyang City in Henan Province cannot be simply equated;

Second, many historical documents record that Zhuge Liang's seclusion in Longzhong, Xiangyang is always like this. Note that it is a historical record. For the first time, I saw the history book Hanshu Jin Chunqiu written by Jin, "The hometown of light is in Xilongzhong, Xiangyang". Later, many historical classics recorded Longzhong;

Third, at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there were frequent wars in Nanyang Wan (now Nanyang City), and scholars from the Central Plains took refuge in Jingzhou (Xiangyang). When Liu Bei inspected the thatched cottage, it belonged to Cao Cao. If Liu Bei goes to Wollongong and Wancheng to find Zhuge Liang, he will definitely die. Liu Bei won't be so stupid. Xiangyang is ruled by Jingzhou Liu Biao, and Zhuge Liang's uncle Zhuge Xuan is Liu Biao's best friend. So he and his uncle can only live in Jingzhou (Xiangyang), but not in Wancheng (now Nanyang);

Fourth, Zhuge Liang made many celebrities and friends in Xiangyang, such as Pang Shiyuan, Meng, Cui, and so on. His social activities such as making friends, studying, becoming a monk and getting married are all in Xiangyang, and his relatives also live in Xiangyang. None of Zhuge Liang's relatives and friends live in Nanyang Wancheng; Even Ma Su, Ma Liang and other civilian military commanders came from Xiangyang after he joined Shu Han. If Zhuge hadn't practiced in Xiangyang Longzhong, it would be impossible to establish such social relations.

Before Yuan Dynasty, there were no historical documents about Zhuge Liang's seclusion in Nanyang City today. Xiangyang Longzhong has been recorded since the Jin Dynasty, and the record has continued. Emperor Wu of song also sent people to Xiangyang to visit Kongming's former residence. According to the viewpoint that the ancient history of China is caused by layers, the farther away from the parties, the less credible the records of the times are. So Xiangyang is more convincing.

6. The problem of Zhuge Liang's burial in the grave is an unquestionable problem in the historical circles at home and abroad. All the works in the annals of the Three Kingdoms believe that Zhuge Liang's seclusion is in the west of Xiangyang. In the document published by1986,65438+the State Council on February 8, it is also clearly pointed out that Xiangyang is the former residence of Zhuge Liang in Longzhong and Nanyang is Wuhou Temple, and the connotations of the two places of interest are described scientifically.

Therefore, it can be concluded that Zhuge Liang devoted himself to Xiangyang Longzhong, but never in Wollongong, Nanyang City.