First, I sincerely thank the party and the government for paying attention to agriculture, which is the common aspiration of farmers.
During the discussion, several large farmers agreed that it was the policy of enriching the people and the correct and timely guidance and support of the party and government that made them embark on the road of prosperity today. Especially in recent years, the CPC Central Committee and governments at all levels have not only issued many policies to encourage and support them to engage in agricultural production, but also funded and organized them to learn agricultural production techniques. Take Cixi as an example. Last year, the municipal finance allocated 6.5438+0.92 million yuan for training subsidies. In the first half of this year, documents 654.38+0 and 8 were issued one after another, and a number of preferential policies and measures were issued to further encourage and support agricultural production. At the same time, with the strong support of the government, relevant scientific research institutions think about what farmers think, help farmers' needs and meet their urgent needs, and relevant experts and technicians provide timely and effective technical assistance to farmers through various means. For example, several farmers talked about the timely and effective help of a university teacher named Ai in Ningbo. It is said that the technical advice provided by the teacher and his colleagues to farmers effectively solved the practical problems encountered in production, encouraged them to develop agricultural production with more confidence and enthusiasm, and drove other farmers to get rich together. Chen Xiaofang, from Jiangjiaqiao Village, Guanhaiwei Town, said: Thanks to the strong support of the government, he started from contracting 448 mu of wasteland three years ago, and now he has developed into a big vegetable producer. Moreover, because of the advantages in variety, quality, quantity and price of the vegetables he planted, it has now formed brand benefits and the sales are very smooth. Now, he has led seven other farmers to jointly produce, and more than 30 farmers are discussing cooperation with him. If it can be realized, it will form a larger production scale, achieve higher benefits and drive more farmers to get rich.
Second, it is training that enables farmers to master professional production technology and provides a prerequisite for getting rich and developing.
Taking the road of specialization is an effective way to maximize the interests of all walks of life, and agricultural production is no exception. In view of the characteristics of farmers' changeable career choices, great changes in young farmers' thoughts and strong career transition, Cixi City has firmly grasped the link of farmers' training and continuously strengthened and deepened the intensity and breadth of training according to the actual situation, so that every farmer can become an expert in agricultural production and a leader in becoming rich. Therefore, what surprised us in the discussion was that four of the nine large-scale aquaculture companies only started to set foot in agriculture three or four years ago, and almost half of them became monks in agricultural production. However, their common feature is that they all began to receive farmers' production technology training organized by the city in 2003, and then gradually developed. Before that, some of them were engaged in knitting, car repair, transportation or going out to work. There is almost no basic knowledge and technology of agricultural production. However, due to their solid study and training work, and their willingness to use their brains and study hard, they have achieved remarkable results. Take Yu Jialu Village, Xinpu Town, which is famous for planting loofah, as an example. Before the training, the yield of loofah planted in the village was about 200 kg per mu. After attending the training, the yield of loofah planted in the village reached 250 kg per mu. After attending the agricultural production technology training, the grapes planted by Tongzhen Liukou Nancun Louwenguo can be kept fresh 1 week without refrigerator.
Three, cooperation and mutual assistance scale production has formed the same concept.
Modern industry can develop rapidly from workshop handicraft industry to machinery industry, mainly because the machinery industry can produce economies of scale, thus forming the joint production of industry. The rapid development of township enterprises in Cixi in recent years has also benefited from this emphasis on integration, intensification and large-scale production of low-end products. Influenced and inspired by this, Cixi people seem to see farther and have higher goals in the development of agricultural production. During the discussion, we asked the problems encountered in production several times, asked others for advice or asked ourselves. Will we have reservations when we answer? The leader of the city's agricultural mouth introduced that one of the ways to teach farmers farming techniques is to organize some experienced farmers to help them hand in hand. We also have questions about this. After all, in the era of competition, mastering technology itself means having your own wealth. The unanimous answer of large farmers is: no, not only that, but in the production process, they often sit together spontaneously, exchange production experience with each other, and promote their new technologies and experiences. So many people joined forces to produce together. They further explained: So they hope to win * * *, and hope that the same product will form a scale in a certain area, and then form a brand with far-reaching influence and more sales. What goes further in this respect is the Liping Vegetable Production and Marketing Cooperative in Changhe Town. The agency is a business entity that integrates agricultural technology training, information service, improved variety promotion and marketing, initiated by Shanghai Vegetable Group Zhenru Company, Cixi Seed Company and Pan Liping, an individual trader in Cangnan Village of Changhe Town. The number of cooperative members has now grown to 50, forming a base area of 500 mu. The main purchase and sale varieties are white edamame, peanuts, corn, cauliflower, cabbage, sword bean and so on. The annual purchasing and selling capacity is more than 7000 tons. Product acquisition has spread to Ningbo, Hangzhou, Lishui and other regions, and the marketing method is mainly direct sales. At the same time, it is also an agricultural product processing enterprise and a foreign trade export enterprise. In recent years, the production efficiency and business scale have been continuously expanded, and the actual income of farmers has also been continuously improved.
Fourth, the way out for high efficiency and high income lies in developing precision agriculture and ecological agriculture.
During the planned economy period, Cixi was once a special cotton planting area in Zhejiang Province. At that time, although farmers were diligent in farming, they never changed their poverty and backwardness. Now the production here is diversified and developed in an all-round way. According to their own actual situation, farmers choose varieties suitable for their own production and production methods suitable for their own labor, and gradually embark on the road of prosperity. Compared with ordinary farmers, what makes the nine farmers stand out is that they have effectively selected crops with high economic value and high added value, and they have gained high returns while investing heavily and intensively. For example, Meiyuan Village, Henghe Town, this city is famous for planting bayberry in history. Five years ago, Xie Huaping, a big planter in this village, cultivated and produced "Xia Zhihong" bayberry with his own technology. The quality, output and selling price of Myrica rubra are obviously superior to other varieties, and once sold well in Ningbo, Hangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing, Hong Kong and other places. Although her planting area has now developed to the base scale of 1450 mu, although the planting area of Myrica rubra by other villagers in the same village has reached more than 8,000 mu, the output per unit area is far less than her. And Luo Yangping, who used to knit. After attending the training, she consulted experts from all directions and studied the seedling raising technology assiduously. At present, the seedlings cultivated in her nursery have had a deep influence in the local area, and the fruits produced are well received by the market. At present, an excellent eggplant cultivated by herself is very popular in the Shanghai market, with both production and sales booming. Therefore, from the perspective of realizing long-term benefits, in order to truly maintain sustainable development and realize high income, it is necessary to vigorously develop high value-added seed and seedling production, green pollution-free food production and agricultural processing industry.
If township cadres can attach importance to agriculture as much as industry, agriculture will develop faster.
Objectively speaking, compared with agriculture, industrial investment cycle is short and quick. Especially in cities and counties where private township enterprises in our province are highly developed, it is understandable that rural leaders attach importance to industrial production. But agriculture, after all, is the foundation of the national economy and the prerequisite for the independent existence of all other labor and production, so we must pay enough attention to it. However, the actual situation is not satisfactory. A survey report of Cixi CPPCC and Agriculture Bureau said: "Many grassroots cadres mistakenly believe that the share of agriculture in GDP is less, and the status of agriculture is correspondingly reduced, which leads to the relaxation and out-of-control of agricultural work. In the survey, a village party secretary reported that the leaders at the meeting rarely talked about the content of agricultural work, so we don't have to report the agricultural situation when we meet. " However, during the discussion, large farmers felt that the role of village cadres in developing agricultural production could not be ignored. For example, only rural cadres can organize land contracting, organizing rural public utilities construction, providing production information, organizing farmers' training and publicity, developing rural circular economy such as biogas digesters, organizing the implementation of village construction planning and organizing farmers to visit and study. In addition, rural cadres can play a more important role in the payment, sales and publicity of agricultural products, as well as in doing mass work, unifying mass thoughts and helping farmers change backward production concepts and understanding.
Six, farmers hope that the government can further reflect the policy of supporting agriculture.
First, agricultural insurance can be implemented as soon as possible. Such as vegetable greenhouses, the one-time investment is very large, nearly 10 yuan per square meter, and the investment and construction generally need tens of thousands of yuan. However, there are many typhoons in Ningbo, which have caused great damage to greenhouses. For example, last year's typhoon once damaged many farmers who depended on greenhouse production. With relevant insurance, production will be guaranteed, and farmers' enthusiasm will naturally rise. Second, the loan interest rate is high. For example, the loan interest rate for farmers to build aquaculture plants is as high as 7.2%, which is higher than the commercial loan interest rate, and the procedures are complicated; At the same time, the loan period of rural credit cooperatives is not suitable for the agricultural growth cycle. Most of the loans issued by rural credit cooperatives at the grass-roots level are small short-term loans, but the agricultural production cycle is long. The growth cycle of general cash crops is at least 65,438+0 years, and it takes 2-3 years for trees and fruits with good economic benefits to see their initial benefits. The loan cycle is much shorter than the agricultural production cycle. Third, the price of rural electricity is high. At present, the agricultural electricity charge in Cixi is 0.78 yuan per kilowatt-hour, which is even more unbearable for farmers in the early stage of entrepreneurship. Fourth, the requirements for purchasing agricultural machinery subsidies are too strict. The government stipulates that the agricultural machinery and tools purchased by farmers are fully automatic and give appropriate subsidies, and those that are not fully automatic are not subsidized, which also makes some farmers who have purchased semi-automatic machinery unable to get preferential treatment due to difficulties such as insufficient funds. I hope that the government can treat specific problems in a specific way and effectively reflect the benefits of benefiting farmers in some specific policies.
7. Farmers' suggestions: Developing agriculture through science and technology should consider the actual situation of farmers.
During the discussion, several large breeders reported that, in fact, at least in the rural areas of Cixi, except some outdoor farmers, most of them are older, less educated and have lower family income. Therefore, although the government has thought of many ways, such as opening online farmers' mailboxes and setting up agricultural technology 1 10 to strengthen the popularization of agricultural technology information, the original intention is good, but most farmers do not understand online technology. However, agricultural technology 1 10 is still unwilling to accept telephone charges when dialing, and it has always been a habit to save, especially for older farmers, but in fact it is precisely these farmers who need help more. Therefore, the problem facing farmers at present is: Who will tell them about agricultural production? How can farmers know in time? They suggested: first, traditional propaganda methods such as radio, wall newspaper and propaganda newspaper should not be lost; Second, the village can have contacts and introduce relevant information. Farmers can study selectively according to their own needs. When they have learning needs, they can contact the relevant departments in the town and the city through the connections in the village. Thirdly, considering that the government can spend a lot of money on farmers' training every year, can it change "agricultural technology 1 10" into a toll-free number similar to 800, which is convenient for farmers with poor economic conditions?
(Wei)