Zhuge Liang, courtesy name Kongming, was a native of Yangdu, Langya County, Shu-Han Dynasty (now Yishui County, Shandong Province) during the Three Kingdoms period. Both of his parents died when he was young, so he followed his uncle to escape the chaos in Jingzhou and lived in seclusion in Longzhong, Nanyang. He often compared himself to Guan Zhong and Le Yi, loved to sing "Liang Fu Yin", and made friends with Pang Degong, Pang Tong, Sima Hui, Huang Chengyan, Shi Guangyuan and Cui Zhouping. , Xu Shu and other celebrities. His resourcefulness is recognized by everyone and he is known as "Wolong". Marry Huang Chengyan's daughter as his wife.

When Liu Bei was stationing troops in Xinye, Xu Shu served as an aide and recommended Zhuge Liang to Liu Bei. Liu Bei visited his house three times before Zhuge Liang met him and immediately proposed the famous "Longzhong Dui". That is to say, occupy the two states of Jing and Yi, unite with Sun Quan, fight against Cao Cao, and unify the world. He won Liu Bei's praise and became Liu Bei's main assistant. Later, he assisted Liu Bei in defeating Cao Cao at Chibi and assisted in establishing Yizhou, making Shu, Wei and Wu a powerful force. Cao Pi succeeded Han as emperor, Liu Bei also proclaimed emperor, Zhuge Liang became prime minister, prime minister of national affairs, and Guan Yu guarded Jingzhou.

In the spring of the third year of Zhangwu (223), Liu Bei was critically ill in Yong'an. He called Zhuge Liang to pay attention to the funeral and said: "Your talent is ten times that of Cao Pi, and you will be able to stabilize the country and finalize major events. If your heir can help, If he is not talented, you can replace him." Zhuge Liang cried hurriedly: "I will do my best to help each other and be loyal to the chastity until my death!" After the emperor came to the throne, Zhuge Liang was granted the title of Marquis of Wuxiang. The Prime Minister's Office was established to handle daily affairs, and he also served as the pastor of Yizhou. At that time, all military, political, and financial matters in the country were decided by Zhuge Liang.

After Zhuge Liang came to power, the first major thing he had to do was to restore diplomatic relations with Soochow. After Liu Bei's death, Soochow continued to declare its vassalage to Wei, but it had not yet made up its mind on how to deal with Shu, so it still maintained its army on the border of Shu. Zhuge Liang sent Shangshu Deng Zhi as an envoy to Soochow to persuade Sun Quan to unite with Shu and sever ties with Wei.

At that time, during Liu Bei's Eastern Expedition, the counties in Nanzhong rebelled under the instigation of Soochow, seriously threatening the Shu Han court. After Zhuge Liang came to power, he restored diplomatic relations with Soochow and cut off foreign aid from Nanzhong. After two years of recuperation, Zhuge Liang wrote to the emperor, determined to put down the Nanzhong rebellion. In the spring of the third year of Jianxing (225), Zhuge Liang led his army into three groups to conquer Nanzhong. In this war, Zhuge Liang used mind-attack tactics against the rebel leader Meng Huo, and captured and manipulated him seven times to convince him. After the battle against the rebellion, Zhuge Liang learned from the experience of "dividing the efforts among the feudal lords" and divided the four counties of Nanzhong into six counties. Jianning County, the center of the rebellion, was divided into the smallest divisions. For the purpose of not only transporting grain and grass, but also to manage the area, more than 10,000 "Qingqiang" families in Nanzhong were recruited into Shu, and five cavalry units were formed with their young and strong men, known as the "Flying Army": a commander-in-chief was established to take charge of Nanzhong Military and political affairs. In December of that year, Zhuge Liang led his army back to Chengdu.

In March of the fifth year of Jianxing (227), Zhuge Liang submitted a "Departure Order" to his later master and led his army to Hanzhong to prepare for the Northern Expedition. He first trained in Hanzhong for about a year, and then attacked the north. The three counties of Wei Nan'an (governing Longxi, Gansu), Tianshui, and Anding (governing Jichuan, Gansu) immediately surrendered to Shu. Emperor Wei Ming personally went to Chang'an to supervise the battle, and used Cao Zhen to supervise the armies in Guanyou, adopting a defense-oriented strategy. The Shu army first threatened to capture Yixian County from Xiegu Road, and asked Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi to lead an army to occupy Jigu (now northwest of Baocheng, Shaanxi) as a suspected army. Zhuge Liang led the main force to attack Qishan in the west. Joining the army, Ma Su led an army as the vanguard and stationed himself at the street pavilion. Ma Su acted improperly and was defeated by the Wei army, losing the street pavilion. The Shu army lost its stronghold to advance and had to retreat to Hanzhong (official history does not mention the "empty city strategy" to retreat Sima Yi's army). Zhuge Liang beheaded Ma Di with tears in his eyes, and wrote a letter demoting himself to the third rank, and performing the duties of prime minister as the right general.

In the winter of the sixth year of Jianxing (228), the Wei army attacked Wu in three directions, leaving Guanzhong empty. Zhuge Liang once again led his army to the Northern Expedition. The Shu army left Dashan Pass this time and besieged Chencang for more than twenty days before retreating after running out of food. In the seventh year of Jianxing (229), Zhuge Liang led his army to the Northern Expedition for the third time. The Shu army headed west, taking the two counties of Wei Wudu and Yinping and returned. Zhuge Liang was reinstated as prime minister.

During this period, the conflict between Zhuge Liang and Li Yan became the focus of attention. It turned out that the two of them were entrusted by Liu Bei together, and Liu Bei was an assistant minister. Until the fourth year of Jianxing (226), the relationship between the two was relatively good. Zhuge Liang praised Li Yan in his letter to Meng Da.

But soon, Li Yan wrote to Zhuge Liang, suggesting that he could take advantage of the power of the government, become a king like Cao Cao, and accept "Nine Tins", so that he could also reap some benefits. Zhuge Liang was very angry about this and severely criticized Li Yanyitong in his reply. Soon, before Zhuge Liang was about to attack Wei, he transferred Li Yan to lead an army of 20,000 under his command to guard Hanzhong. However, Li Yan bargained, asking Zhuge Liang to carve out five counties from the east of Yizhou to establish Jiangzhou, and let him serve as the governor of Jiangzhou, so the transfer failed. Zhuge Liang put the overall situation first, so he compromised. In the seventh year of Jianxing, before Chen Zhen went to Soochow as an envoy, he went to Zhuge Liang to report on Li Yan's deceptions, and especially talked about some of Li Yan's misdeeds when he was an official in his hometown in his early years. , but it did not attract enough attention from Zhuge Liang. In the eighth year of Jianxing (230), Cao's army wanted to attack Shu on three fronts. Zhuge Liang once again asked Li Yan to bring 20,000 troops to Hanzhong to take control. Li Yan bargained again. Zhuge Liang immediately gave in and appointed his son as the governor of Jiangzhou to take over Li Yan's job after he was transferred. Li Yan then carried out the transfer order. In the ninth year of Jianxing (231), Zhuge Liang attacked Wei for the fourth time and ordered Li Yan to be responsible for logistics supply in Hanzhong. Li Yan failed to raise food and grass in time, so he wrote to Zhuge Liang saying that the emperor ordered the troops to withdraw. After Zhuge Liang retreated, he deceived the court and said that the retreat was to lure the enemy. When Zhuge Liang came back, he pretended to be surprised and asked: "The army rations are enough, why did you suddenly retreat?" So, Zhuge Liang took out Li Yan's letter as evidence when he went to court, and signed it with many soldiers to impeach Li Yan. , exempted him from being a commoner and exiled him to Zitong.

In February of the twelfth year of Jianxing (234), Zhuge Liang launched his fifth Northern Expedition. He led his army out of the Xie Valley and occupied Wuzhangyuan (forty miles south of today's Qishan County, Shaanxi Province). This time we sent troops, we had made an appointment with Soochow to attack Wei at the same time. However, Dongwu delayed sending troops. It was not until May that Sun Quan sent Lu Xun and Zhuge Jin to lead troops to station in Jiangxia and Miokou (now Hanpu, Hubei) to attack Xiangyang. Sun Quan himself led a large army to surround Hefei Xincheng. In this regard, Emperor Wei Ming's strategy was to defeat Soochow first. He personally led the navy to march eastward, and asked Sima Yi, who was guarding the west, to hold on without fighting, and let the Shu army retreat after running out of food. But when Sun Quan learned of the Wei Lord's intentions, he believed that his side had become the main battlefield and suffered a loss, so he ordered his troops to withdraw across the board. On the Western Front. In view of past lessons, Zhuge Liang divided his troops into fields and planned to stay there for a long time. In August of this year, Zhuge Liang suddenly fell ill and died on the front line at the age of fifty-four. The Shu army withdrew across the board. Zhuge Liang left a will during his lifetime: "To be buried in Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong, just dig a grave in the hillside. The grave can hold the coffin. Wear ordinary clothes and do not carry any burial utensils."