The so-called aesthetic way, here, refers to the use of interesting rather than boring forms; Second, it refers to the pursuit of the beauty of human adults, which is both in-depth and beyond the normal state of life. Of course, this aesthetic way is based on their comprehensive education. Although Socrates and Confucius both came from humble origins, their strong desire for knowledge and their pursuit of "what is man" far exceeded their demand for food and clothing. Confucius' "Five out of ten is determined to learn, but standing at thirty" [2] (P9); Socrates read many works of ancient philosophers, listened to many famous wise men who studied other knowledge and some teachers in music and poetry. [1](p45) They transferred to many teachers and received the extensive education they needed at that time.

Socrates was a sculptor, a soldier and a civilian, but his main job in life was philosophical research. His philosophical research takes the form of talking to people like a drama. His way of talking and lecturing was closely related to the laid-back lifestyle of the Athenians at that time. "Socrates often appears in public places. He goes there for a walk and exercise in the morning; When the market is crowded, you can always see him there; At other times, in crowded places, he will probably be there; He often lectures, and anyone who likes him can listen to him freely. " [3] (P3-4) Sometimes he walks barefoot along the river with others, or sits under a big tree by the river and recites articles. His lecture is full of aesthetic pleasure from content to form. When someone laughed at him for being frugal and unwilling to charge for teaching, Socrates replied that he was free to choose his audience without charging. He is willing to make friends with talented people, teach him all the good things he knows, and regard mutual help as a great gain. Speak freely, listen freely, choose talented and virtuous friends freely, and realize that you are growing better and getting more valuable friends in this freedom. This is the happiness that Socrates realized.

What is more beautiful is "Socratic satire". He said that his mother is a midwife, and he tried to follow in her footsteps and become a spiritual midwife to help others generate their own ideas. He called this method midwifery.

Socratic satire is different from modern so-called satire. It is a way of talking and a free and happy social way. Socrates asked questions to induce others to think and answer, so as to doubt what he wanted to say and wait for others to think freely. For example, in MINO's article, Socrates asked MINO: What is virtue? MINO immediately answered what is a man's virtue, what is a woman's virtue and so on. Socrates sarcastically said, "When I ask you only one virtue, you give me all the remaining virtues", which is not what he wants to ask, but "virtue itself". Because virtues "no matter how many and different they are, they all have the same nature that makes them virtues". Socrates, as an "ignorant", guided MINO to deduce step by step, and guided some concepts (justice, courage, etc. ) that is, the concept of virtue is formed from concrete perceptual experience, and finally virtue is a kind of "knowledge". This leads people to reflect on themselves and seek the universal moral essence that can be found in everyone.

Socrates' method always insists on an argument, the standard is the same, the interviewee must strictly abide by the logical level of the speech itself, and the concepts used must be based on a clear and strict "definition". He questioned people like this, just as he wanted to expose his ignorance, but also exposed the ignorance of others. His aim is to deny mistakes and pursue truth. His way itself contains the Tao Zhu element of interpersonal dialogue, thus cultivating self-awareness, rational development and enhancing the understanding of universal concepts.

Socrates, in his article Drinking, borrowed Oedipus' words and said that a person can't make himself immortal just by having children, but also must be a person with self-awareness and thinking. If a person has a brain, he must cultivate what the brain is particularly suitable for-ideological wisdom and other spiritual beauty, so as to be immortal. For example, Solon was revered because he created the laws of Athens. In this way, children with hearts can win more honor for their parents than children with bodies. How can a person give birth to a beautiful spiritual child? He began to understand from the individual beautiful things in the world, from loving the beautiful body, to learning to pay more attention to the beauty of the mind than the beauty of the body, to learning to see the beauty of the behavior system and knowledge, and finally to the highest realm of beauty, which is the most worthy pursuit of a person's life realm. People who see this state, "with the beautiful Wang Yang sea, they are full of infinite joy, so they have nurtured countless beautiful and lofty truths and gained rich philosophical gains", and they will know that compared with it, gold, gorgeous clothes, handsome men, beautiful women and many other beloved things are humble. People who see this realm give birth to true merits, thus achieving immortality. In Federico, Socrates and Federico sit under a big tree by the river and say, "What you and I want to climb" is the person who "writes the truth, goodness and beauty in the reader's heart"; He thinks that books can make people lazy to think, which is better than knowing. Therefore, great thinkers do not write their thoughts on paper, but in their hearts, in their own hearts and in the hearts of their disciples. From this, we can understand the reason why Socrates "speaks without deeds".

Confucius, like Socrates, gave lectures in the form of dialogue. The dialogue between Confucius and people is like a poem. The language is concise, vivid and vivid, especially the use of metaphor and contrast, which makes it rich in connotation. Many words are life maxims. For example, "the three armed forces can win the handsome, but the ordinary man can't win the ambition." "Ill-gotten wealth, letting wealth and fame drift by like clouds" [2](p65) "Honest people are magnanimous, and villains are often sad." The tempering of language is inseparable from his requirements for human cultivation.

Confucius once said: Education should be "based on poetry, etiquette and music." He believes that a person's cultivation begins with learning poetry, ends with learning ceremony and ends with learning music. Poetry, ceremony and music are not only taught by Confucius, but also an aesthetic way of life. Because Nan Rong often repeated four poems about Bai Gui in the Book of Songs: "Bai Gui's sin can be polished, but four-word sin can't be done" (a metaphor for people being cautious), Confucius married his brother's daughter to him. In Confucius' view, learning poetry is not only a way of personal cultivation, but also a standard to measure people. He once said to his son Kong Li, "If you don't learn poetry, you have nothing to say". He also said, "There are 300 poems. In a word, it says' thinking naively'. " From the study of Poetry, we can not only temper our language, but also cultivate our temperament and emotional spirit.

What is a gift? Ceremony is a moral and institutional norm to ensure the implementation of "benevolence" (love). "Benevolence" is the purpose and "courtesy" is the means. All Confucius' remarks are for people and to solve the problem of how to "love". What should I do if I don't love? This must be guaranteed and restricted by certain moral norms and institutional norms. "Ceremony is a festival (about), so" ceremony "is called" etiquette ". What is a' system'? " "Control" means moderation and restraint.

Confucius advocated "taking comity as the country", that is, using comity principle to govern the country and realize "benevolence" politics. During the Spring and Autumn Period when Confucius lived, the vassal states brutally plundered and killed in the war, saying, "Fight for land, kill people and make profits; Fight for the city and fight for the wild. " So Confucius opposed war and advocated "indisputable". There are many symbolic meanings in the "humility" etiquette advocated by Confucius. Confucius said: "A gentleman is proud but does not dispute", "A gentleman does not dispute. Will shoot! Give up and drink. Its struggle is also a gentleman. " "Bowing" means bowing to show humility, which is the etiquette of meeting hosts and guests in ancient or modern China. The act of bowing is to clench one's fist, symbolizing not using force and paying tribute to the other party. It is a kind of performance art with classical beauty. Confucius seemed to be standing in the clouds and pointed out to the world: "There is no dispute between gentlemen. If there is, it must be to participate in sports competitions such as archery competitions! Even if you take part in archery competition, you bow to each other first, and then go on stage, shoot the arrow and then step down and toast each other. This is a gentleman's war! From this perspective, Confucius' thought is not retrogression, but progress. He described the future of human artistic life for us.

Ceremony expresses the relationship between people in the form of performing arts, while music expresses people's inner feelings in the form of vocal music, so Confucius said, "Li Liyun, jade and silk clouds?" Music rhyme, bell and drum cloud? " "Li, Li, Li, Li, Li, Li, Li, Li, Li, Li? Music, music, just musical instruments like bells and drums? "In Confucius' view, these external rules of rites and music are closely related to internal moral feelings. The foundation of Qi Zhili is the virtue of Tao. Therefore, he added, "What's the courtesy of being unkind? People are heartless, so what are you happy about? " If a person has no benevolence, how can he practice courtesy and righteousness? How can a person use music without benevolence? It can be seen that benevolence and music are inseparable and should be integrated. "Benevolence in pleasure" and "Benevolence in ceremony" are Confucius' requirements for people to practice etiquette and music, and they are also his standards for evaluating etiquette and music. He believes that Shao's music is "perfect" because it not only shows the beauty of music and dance, but also shows Shun's beauty of "meditation is sacred". It is believed that the music in Wu is "beautiful but incomplete" because of its beautiful melody and beautiful dance, but it shows the power of "taking the world", which is contrary to Confucius' thought of "benevolence" Therefore, "Yue Ze Shao" and "Dance" are the way to govern the country and teach the people, which embodies Confucius' beautiful ideal of good governance and good people, and this is also the ideal of mankind.

This ideal realm is also superimposed in the ideal of Yan Hui, Confucius' favorite pupil. According to the family story of Confucius, Confucius once asked Luz, Zigong and Yan Hui to state their ambitions. Lutz said that if there is a war between Qi and Chu, he is willing to try his best to defeat the enemy in the battle between the two armies. Zi Gong said that if Qi and Chu went to war, he was willing to call a truce and said he was interested. Confucius commented that Luz was a brave man and Zi Gong was a debater. He asked Yan Hui why he didn't speak. Yan Hui said that vanilla and smelly grass are not in the same vessel, and Yao Hejie is not the king of a country, because they are not the same kind! He is willing to assist the holy king, "to carry out the education of rites, music and filial piety, so that the people's battlefields will not be repaired, the ditches and ponds will not be crossed, the swords and halberds will be turned into agricultural tools, and the horses will be put back to Nanshan, so that there will be no resentment at home, and there will be no war for a thousand years. Lutz's courage and Zigong's eloquence will be useless." Confucius was very grateful. Confucius' ideal is described poetically in the chapter "I and Point". Zeng's ideal is to inherit the teacher's career. He said: "Mo Chun came to serve, with five or six champions and six or seven boys, bathed in deduction, dancing in the wind and singing back." Confucius sighed with shame:' I am with the point! ""Why did Confucius agree with Zeng's ideal? Zeng's ideal is a high degree of harmony between teachers and students, between people, between people and heaven, between learning and traveling, between learning and beauty. This is the peaceful artistic life of harmony between man and nature.

This romantic ideal advocated by Confucius is based on the artistic practice of life based on "enlightening wisdom and reason" and "benevolence". Benevolence is love. If you don't love him, you should use "etiquette" to prompt or restrain him. As mentioned above, it is elegant, chic, unique and rich in connotation to see people "bow" etiquette, with the right hand clenched and the left hand extended. It reminds you of "restraint" and "love" all the time, and makes you have to admire the life behavior art created by the ancients in China, which combines beauty and reason. Confucius is well versed in the performing art of "love". Therefore, when I met the monarch, the etiquette changed from "to worship in a place where the king can't see clearly" (first, to worship in front of the king after ascending to the court), and Confucius said, "Today, I worship Thailand (which is a sign of arrogance, quoted by Qian Xun); Although it is aimed at the public, I am from the bottom. " "Courtesy is better than luxury." As far as etiquette is concerned, Confucius opposed extravagance and waste, but he defended the etiquette that he thought was of great significance. Does the "bottom-up" etiquette symbolize this meaning? When the king's eyes can't see the courtiers, the courtiers should also "love" and "manage", not face to face and behind. This is a concrete performance art exhibition of "Music Festival, Rites and Music" (taking rites and music as a pleasure).

Confucius also used many incisive aphorisms to teach people, such as "three friends benefit, three friends lose", "three pleasures benefit, three pleasures lose", "three precepts are gentlemen", "three fears are gentlemen" and "Jiu Si is a gentleman". But what should I do if I meet a man like wood and he doesn't think about it at all? Confucius said, "It's hard to eat all day without heart!" ! No players? For this, you are still virtuous. "Confucius' prescription for this' disease' is' playing chess' and feeling the fun of intellectual activities from the game. In other words, Confucius believed that people should think with "heart" and be conscious. At this point, he and Socrates are the same, but the direction and level of "thinking" are different. He believes that the perfect person is "smart" first. " Luz asked his Excellency. Confucius said:' If Zang Wuzhong's wisdom exceeds all expectations, Bian Zhuangzi's courage, Ran Qiu's skills, courtesy and music can also be an adult.' Say:' What is the necessity of being an adult today? You can give up your life for righteousness, or you can not forget what you said in your life for a long time and become an adult. ""A person is wise, incorruptible, brave, versatile, and cultivated in manners and music. But this requirement is too high, and it can be said. If you are in danger, you can give your life. If you are poor for a long time, you won't forget your usual promises. Such people can also be said to be perfect people.

It is worth mentioning that the beauty of mankind lies in Confucius, and almost all of them are "male" beauty. In the Analects of Confucius, there are many women (only women are difficult to raise, Confucius sees Nanzi, Qi people are happy with women, Yu also loves his parents for three years, and his parents don't travel far. Although women who are "mothers" are respected for their virtue of loving their children, all women are not beautiful because of the saying "only women can't be raised", and they just become the objects of "lust" ("I am optimistic about virtue is not lewd"). The tragic fate of women in China for more than two thousand years began. But in fact, there are also women who "govern the country by virtue". For example, one of the ten ministers who ruled the country by King Wu was a woman, but Confucius "had only nine women". Some people say that because she is the mother of King Wu, Confucius dare not regard her as a courtier of King Wu, but at the same time she is also a woman, so isn't she tied up with a "villain" at the same time? Contrary to Confucius, women are respected in Socrates' dialogue. In the article Drinking, the woman who talked to Socrates, Oedipus, "has a profound opinion on love and many other issues." Socrates often talked about the prophecy of the Delphi priestess who conveyed the will of the gods, saying that women knew how to spin, so they ruled men. He also taught his son to respect his mother. In particular, he called himself a midwife, called his dialogue method a spiritual midwife, and compared his thought of life output to the birth of a "spiritual baby", which showed that women were not only respected, but also shared the "beauty of human nature" he pursued. These metaphors and praises of Socrates are incredible to Confucius. The beauty of women does not appear in Confucius's "beauty of human beings". In fact, Confucius also explained: "When they are close, they (women and villains-leaders) don't know how to give up; If I alienate you, I will hate you. " Did Confucius touch on the issue of independent personality? The dependence of most women leads to personality dependence and emotional instability, which sometimes restricts not only themselves but also others. In the folk song "Three Don't provoke" circulating in my hometown, there is a song "Don't provoke my daughter's house", which women should take as a warning. However, this kind of personality defect should not be a sufficient reason to deny women by generalizing.

To sum up, comprehensively speaking, Confucius pursued human beauty in the form of poetry, ceremony and music, and in the form of dialogue with his disciples. Confucius believes that a perfect person is one who has a kind heart and can "love". He advocates group consciousness, harmony between people, and yearns for a harmonious peaceful artistic life between man and nature.

Compared with Socrates, what they have in common is their tireless pursuit of human perfection in an aesthetic way. The difference between the two is mainly the different direction of thinking. "Reflection" to awaken people from "self-awareness"; One is to call for "benevolence" between people from people's "group consciousness" One is to seek the understanding of universal concepts from the rational thinking of the core of human mind; One practices "benevolence" and "courtesy" from people's external behavior. Pursuing the truth, goodness and beauty of the soul; A person practices the extreme integration of "benevolence" and "propriety", and in the pursuit of human beauty, he also begins to shape himself.

Second, shape yourself into a work of art.

Unlike some thinkers who regard "thoughts" as meditation in their minds, Socrates and Confucius have one common feature, that is, their thoughts become "scripts" of their lives. They integrate "editing, directing and acting", not only pursue human beauty in an aesthetic way, but also shape themselves into a unique artistic image of human beings in an aesthetic way. This kind of shaping of human beauty is to transform real life into an artistic life, take the purpose of art and the beauty people pursue as the criterion, and upgrade ordinary people into unique works of art. Art is no longer just art, it is integrated into life and becomes a way of life and a state of existence. In such a design and transformation of beauty, they light up their own life time, which is bright and tragic.

In Socrates' pursuit, the perfect man is not only a man with brains, but also a man who is good at thinking with brains and "breeds infinite beauty and lofty truth" by constantly affirming himself and denying the original understanding. He gradually "seems to be climbing the ladder and making progress step by step." Socrates believes that human thinking activity is the highest and most beautiful activity. "Socrates' principle is that man must find his vocation, his purpose, the ultimate goal of the world, truth, and what is self-sufficient, and he must reach the truth through himself. "This is the return of consciousness to itself. It should get rid of its special subjectivity and overcome its contingency and arbitrariness. This is Socrates' meditation.

Socrates said: "Philosophy is the greatest art, and I have been practicing it." So he engaged in "meditation" in a unique aesthetic way like an artist. He said, "I pursue the truth like a hunting dog pursues food." This pursuit of human spirit made him transcend life, "ignoring his career-he is a sculptor-and even his family." His vicious wife Zantipu never misses an opportunity to remind him of this negligence. "His behavior, especially when he is meditating, is considered strange and interesting. He "often walks away alone and stands straight on the road" thinking. Even in the army, he did the same. One day early in the morning, he met a problem and stood motionless in a place, meditating for a day and a night. It was not until the sun came out the next morning that he "started to leave". Amazingly, someone even moved out of the lower berth and slept in the open air to see if he stood up for the night. His "thinking" has become a kind of performance art and is appreciated by people. On another occasion, he invited people to Agathon's home for a celebration dinner. When he was walking on the road, he thought of a problem, so he fell behind and stood on the road, absorbed in meditation. When the servant went to look for him, he found that he had retreated to the next door and stood upright, but refused to invite him in. "In this way, he meditated and worked hard. No wonder he was able to "pick up a piece of paper" and tell such a wonderful "ode to God" when discussing philosophical issues in Drinking. It can be seen that thinking is not deep, but talking is not high; If a person is an adult, think about it. Socrates "stands upright" on the road with a "thinking" attitude, and shapes himself into the image of "thinker-human" with everyone's novel and eccentric actions.

Socrates' "thinking while standing" is very symbolic. It makes people realize that people should stand up and think, and they should keep looking for the truth with a forward attitude, instead of begging for the truth with their heads down.

Socrates is ugly as a forest god, but elegant as a saint. A physiognomist, Suo Virus, said that Socrates saw evil and lewd desires in his face. His students objected to this statement, and Socrates agreed. He said, "Mr. Virus is right, but these desires have been overcome by my reason." According to his students' memories, "his actual actions can better explain that he is a self-controlled person than his words." Because he not only surrendered the lust of the flesh, but also defeated everything related to money. "He" put private affairs behind him, abandoned family happiness ","took care of him silently like a father and a brother ",and urged people to" concentrate on goodness ". He "fulfilled the duties of a horse" and stimulated this "lazy" "huge thoroughbred horse" in Athens. He said: "I am convinced that God's duty is to live a life full of love and wisdom, and to look at yourself and others. If I give up the duty given by God for fear of death or other risks, it will go against my nature greatly. Although he "runs around, exhorts people to do good and serve others", he "never speaks in public and never gets involved in state affairs". This is because he "often feels a voice calling" and "discourages" him from "participating in public life". He said, "If I had tried to enter politics a long time ago, I think my life would be in danger. He thought it was "not good" for Athens and himself. Because "any upright person in the world" will be worse than death if he "tries to resolutely prevent many wrong actions and illegal activities from happening in the country to which he belongs." Socrates only participated in the political activities of the city-state and served as the honorary chairman of the' 500-member conference'. At that time, everyone put forward the proposal of executing ten generals (on the charge that they did not bring back the bodies of soldiers who died in the storm in the naval battle), and only he voted firmly against it. He is not afraid of public anger, power intimidation, "prison and death danger" and "unswervingly standing on the side of law and justice" But these ten generals were executed anyway. Later, the consuls admitted that it was illegal to interrogate the ten generals. On another occasion, when the "thirty tyrants" were in power, the tyrants ordered Socrates and four other people to arrest Leon who had fled abroad and put him to death. Several others arrested people, but Socrates "went home". He said: "I no longer use words, but use actions" to show that I am not afraid of death and will not be intimidated to do "unjust things." "Socrates explained and proved his thoughts with actions-only under the control of reason can human actions conform to justice; Only "people who know how to govern" can have rights, not "people who won the lottery" and "people elected by the masses".

Socrates also proved that his innocence and rational spirit would prevail in the form of "dying peacefully". "They were sentenced to death by truth for evil and moral corruption", thus declaring an indelible crime to the extreme "Athenian democracy". He refused his friend's suggestion to help him escape and died peacefully, setting an example for citizens to respect justice and obey the court. Finally, in the court, Socrates said to the jury in a prophetic tone: "Now I should go, I will die; You go on living; No one knows which of us is happier, only God knows. " Apollodore, who was present at that time, said sadly to Socrates, "But Socrates, we really can't stand to see you executed so unjustly." Socrates patted him on the head and said with a smile, "Dear Apollo, don't you want to see me executed fairly, not unfairly?" On the day he was executed (he was forced to take poisoned wine after sunset), he was still discussing the issue of "soul" with others, studying "his views on future life and imagining what future life would be like." His calmness and mind, his wisdom and humor can be seen from this. Like Socrates, Confucius regards "death" as the last performance art of life. He said: "People with lofty ideals are benevolent, there is no harm to benevolence, and there is death as benevolence." "If you don't do whatever you want, you will go forward bravely." "A gentleman is ill and nameless." During his fourteen years of traveling around the world, he experienced hardships. In "Fight to the Death", he can still keep "innate virtue is given, so give whatever you want!" Tolerance. It's just that Confucius "committed suicide to be a man" and Socrates "died to prove his thoughts".

Socrates believes that a perfect person is the harmony of spiritual beauty and physical beauty, which can be seen from Socrates' metaphor of "Olympia Competition" above. Socrates not only emphasized the cultivation of people from "thought", but also paid attention to the cultivation of "emotion". He listens to music, poetry, beautiful words, and enjoys drama and scenery. It is another way for Socrates to cultivate himself with art in "love". During his life journey, he often had the same dream and told him, "Socrates, practice, practice art!" " "In prison, he wrote two poems: Ode to Apollo; He also adapted an Aesop fable into a poem. Socrates also believes that physical exercise is good for both body and mind, so we should pay attention to physical exercise. He said: "Because everything people do needs a body, since everything needs a body, it is very necessary to keep the body in the best condition as much as possible. Even in the thinking activities that you think the body is the least needed, who doesn't know that many people fail because of poor health? What is particularly alarming is that he also put forward the view that "it is shameful not to exercise". He said: "It is also very shameful to make a body that could have become extremely beautiful and full of vitality through exercise become weak and aging due to its own negligence. "Raising the individual's body to the moral level shows Socrates' respect for" man "and shows the humanity of his ethical philosophy. Socrates' emphasis on physical exercise is related to the social survival of the ancient Greeks. " At that time, wars between the city-states were frequent, and powerful citizens were needed to defend them. Being strong was the symbol of the hero at that time. In addition, because Greece is located on the Mediterranean coast, the climate is like spring all the year round, and the competition is naked, which gives birth to the social, cultural and psychological environment in which the Greek nation advocates the beauty of human nature. "

Socrates is in surprisingly good health and has extraordinary endurance. Even in the severe winter in the north, he "walked barefoot on the ice in his usual coat and let the soldiers squint at him, thinking that he deliberately despised them." His endurance is inseparable from conscious exercise in peacetime. He often goes barefoot all over the street to find a theory of people who don't wear shoes; Always ignore other people's surprises and lose weight by dancing. In life, Socrates thinks that we should not be too picky. Particularly unique, he put forward the view that "an educated person should be as hardworking as a slave". He advocates a frugal life, is willing to keep pace with the times, and can scrimp and save. He said that appetite itself is the best condiment; Fasting is a good cure for anorexia. He pays attention to honing himself in life, "preparing for any test that may come to the body." Simple life and tenacious exercise are also important ways for Socrates to become an adult. In a word, Socrates guided and sculpted himself deliberately and persistently not only in terms of "thought" but also in terms of "emotion" and "body", and created a self-image of "deep thoughts, deep feelings and good health", which is a perfect image of "human" and fascinating.

Let's look at Confucius again. An interesting similarity is that Confucius once thought about how to "think" without eating or drinking like Socrates. He said, "I don't eat or sleep all day. It's no use thinking about it. It is better to learn. " Somehow, in different time and space, the two philosophers seemed to be engaged in a "thinking" behavior competition, which triggered the relay race of "thinking" that is still going on today. Confucius quit on the grounds of "uselessness" and entered "erudite and polite, but also a husband!" The way. Become a person who practices "benevolence".

Xing is an important concept in Confucius' thought. He said, "Listen to what he says and watch what he does." "Wen, I'm still human. If you are a gentleman, then I have nothing to gain. " It can be seen that "doing" is the highest standard for him to evaluate others and himself. "Praise the Three Hundred Poems and give it a political failure, so that it cannot be targeted by people from all directions. Although many, do you think it is? " Confucius said that you are familiar with Three Hundred Poems, but you can't do a political thing. You are abroad, but you can't answer well. Although you have learned a lot, what's the use? It can be seen that "doing" is also a test of "learning" "Morality can't be done, learning can't be said, learning can't be moved, and bad things can't be changed. This is my worry." It can be seen that it has become a prominent problem among the country, society and people that Confucius is worried about. "If you know it silently, you will never tire of learning, and you will never tire of humiliation." Confucius held "no" with his own "action". "A gentleman talks but doesn't do it." "It's a shame that the ancients couldn't talk." "Doing" is the virtue of a gentleman, and "not doing" is the shame of a villain. So Confucius said, "Tao can't work, take a trip to the sea." "If my idea can't come true after traveling around the world, I will go overseas by raft!" If so, perhaps Confucius' disciples can meet the young Socrates and perform "Answering Socrates' Questions"! It can be seen that the tradition of people who stick to tradition is also "anti-traditional". Socrates never left Athens in his life, and he would not leave his motherland until he died. This shows that the two people have different spiritual orientations, one is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and the other is wandering between countries. One is the consciousness of "standing" in self, and the other is the consciousness of "doing" in group.