Li Bai (February 8, 7065438+0-65438+February 762) [1], whose real name is Taibai, was named Qinglian layman, also known as "fallen immortal". He was a great romantic poet in Tang Dynasty, and was praised as "Poet Fairy" by later generations. It is also called "Du Li" with Du Fu. In order to distinguish it from the other two poets, Li Shangyin and Du Mu, namely "Little Du Li", Du Fu and Li Bai are also called "Big Du Li". He is cheerful and generous, loves to drink and write poems, and likes to make friends.

Li Bai was deeply influenced by Huang Lao's idea of sorting out villages. Li Taibai's poems have been handed down from generation to generation, and most of his poems were written when he was drunk. His representative works include Looking at Lushan Waterfall, it is hard to go, Difficult Road to Shu, Entering Wine, Liang, First Sending Baidicheng, etc.

There are biographies of Li Bai's Ci and Fu in the Song Dynasty (such as Wen Ying's Xiang Ji). As far as its pioneering significance and artistic achievements are concerned, Li Bai's Ci Fu enjoys a high status.

2. Li Qingzhao (poetess of Song Dynasty)

Li Qingzhao (1March 08413—1May 55 12) was born in Zhangqiu, qi zhou (now Zhangqiu, Shandong), Han nationality. Song (the turn of the Song Dynasty) poetess, the representative of graceful and restrained words, is known as "the first talented woman through the ages".

Li Qingzhao was born in a scholarly family and had a good life in his early years. Her father Li has a rich collection of books, and she has laid a literary foundation in a good family environment since she was a child. After marriage, she and her husband Zhao Mingcheng devoted themselves to the collection and arrangement of calligraphy and painting stones. Nomads from the central plains, south, lonely situation. In the lyrics, he wrote more about his early leisure life, his later life experience and sentimental mood. In form, it makes good use of line drawing, forms its own school and has beautiful language. On the theory of ci, it emphasizes harmony and elegance, puts forward the theory that ci is different from one family, and opposes the method of writing ci into poetry. There are not many who can write poems. Some chapters have a sense of the times, praise history and use generous words, which is different from their style of words.

There are Yi 'an Jushi Collection and Yi 'an Ci, which have been lost. Later generations have a collection of Yu Shu's ci. There is a collation of Li Qingzhao's collected works today.

3. Du Fu (a famous realistic poet in Tang Dynasty)

Du Fu (A.D. 7 12- A.D. 770) was born in Xiangyang, Han nationality, and then moved to Gong County, Henan Province. A great realistic poet in the Tang Dynasty, who claimed to be a young man at night, was called "Du Li" together with Li Bai. In order to distinguish Li Shangyin, Du Mu and Xiao Du Li, Du Fu and Li Bai are also called Da Du Li, and Du Fu is often called Lao Du.

Du Fu's influence on China's classical poetry is far-reaching, and he is called "the sage of poetry" by later generations, and his poems are called "the history of poetry". Later generations called him Du Shiyi and Du Gongbu, and also called him Du Shaoling and Du Caotang.

Du Fu wrote such famous works as Spring Hope, Northern Expedition, Three Officials and Three Farewells. In 759, Du Fu abandoned his official position and went to Sichuan. Although he fled the war and lived a relatively stable life, he still cared about his life and managed state affairs. Although Du Fu is a realistic poet, he also has a wild and unruly side. It is not difficult to see Du Fu's heroism and dry clouds from his masterpiece Song of Drinking Eight Immortals.

The core of Du Fu's thought is the Confucian thought of benevolent government, and he has the great wish of "making the monarch Yao and Shun superior, and then making the customs pure". Although Du Fu was not famous during his lifetime, his fame spread far and wide, which had a far-reaching impact on China literature and Japanese literature. About 65,438+0,500 poems of Du Fu have been preserved, most of which are collected by Du Gongbu.

4. Li Yu (South Tang Li Houzhu)

Li Yu (937-978), the sixth son of Li Jing, the ruler of the Southern Tang Dynasty, was originally named Jia Cong, whose name was Chongguang, and whose name was Zhong Yin and Lian Feng lay. Born in Pengcheng (now tongshan district, Xuzhou, Jiangsu), he was the last monarch in the Southern Tang Dynasty.

In the second year of Jianlong in the Northern Song Dynasty (96 1), Li Yu succeeded to the throne, respected the orthodoxy of the Song Dynasty, and paid tribute at the age of 20 to protect peace. In October of the fourth year of Kaibao (97 1), Song Taizu destroyed the Southern Han Dynasty, and Li Yu changed his name to "Jiangnan Master" except the Tang Dynasty. The following year, he derogated from the ritual system and removed the kiss from the rostrum in Jinling (now Nanjing) to show his respect for Song Ting. In the eighth year of Kaibao (975), when he attacked Jinling, Li Yu was forced to land in the Song Dynasty and was captured in Bianjing (now Kaifeng). He was named General Wei and disobeyed orders. On July 7th, the third year of Taiping and Xingguo (978), Li Yu died in Bianjing, known in history as Li Houzhu, Queen of Southern Tang Dynasty.

Li Yu is proficient in calligraphy, painting, melody and poetry, especially in ci. Li Yu's ci has inherited the tradition of Huajian poets such as Wen and Wei Zhuang since the late Tang Dynasty, and has been influenced by Li Jing and Feng Yansi. Its language is bright, vivid, sincere and distinctive. After the national subjugation, his ci was characterized by a wide range of themes and profound meanings, and it was unique among the five pronouns in the late Tang Dynasty, which had a far-reaching influence on the later ci circles.

5. Li Shangyin (Tang Dynasty poet)

Li Shangyin (about 8 13-858), born in West Henan (xi), Fan Nansheng, originally from Hanoi, Huaizhou (now Qinyang, Henan), and his grandparents moved to Xingyang (now Xingyang, Zhengzhou, Henan). A famous poet in late Tang Dynasty.

In the second year of Tang Wenzong (837), Li Shangyin became the first scholar, and served as secretary of the provincial school, bookkeeper of the school and commander of Hongnong. Because he was involved in the political whirlpool of "the dispute between Niu and Li", he was excluded and frustrated all his life. In the last years of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (about 858), Li Shangyin died in Zhengzhou and was buried at the foot of Beishan Mountain in Dongyuan Tsinghua. His ancestral home was Yongdian, Huaizhou (now Wangzhuang Town, Qinyang Mountain).

Li Shangyin was one of the few poets who deliberately pursued the beauty of poetry in the late Tang Dynasty and even the whole Tang Dynasty. He is good at poetry writing, and parallel prose has high literary value. He was called "Little Du Li" with Du Mu and "Wen Li" with Wen. His poems are novel in conception and beautiful in style, especially some love poems and untitled poems are touching, beautiful and moving, and are widely read. However, some poems are too obscure to be solved, and there is even a saying that "poets always love Quincy and hate that no one writes about Jian Zheng".