1. There are many different types of geographical areas. Some are natural areas, such as the Pearl River Delta; some are economic areas, such as industrial zones; and some are administrative areas, such as the Tibet Autonomous Region. The same geographical area may have multiple "identities" at the same time.

2. According to the geographical location, natural and human geographical characteristics of each region, my country can be divided into four major geographical regions, namely the northern region, the southern region, the northwest region and the Qinghai-Tibet region. Among them, the Qinling Mountains and the Huaihe River line are the dividing line between the northern region and the southern region.

3. There are obvious differences between the northern and southern regions of my country in terms of terrain, climate, river flow and vegetation types. Affected by the natural environment, people in the north and south are also very different in terms of production methods, living habits, and cultural traditions.

Comparison of differences between southern and northern regions of my country:

Comparison project Qinling - area north of the Huaihe River Qinling - area south of the Huaihe River

The average temperature in January ( Above 0°/Below 0°) Below 0° Above 0°

Annual precipitation is much less

Main terrain: plains and plateaus, mainly plains, basins and plateaus, Staggered hills

Vegetation types: Temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest, subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest

Small and large river flow

Farming system: once a year or three crops every two years Two or three crops a year

Types of cultivated land, dry land and paddy fields

Food crops, wheat and rice

Traditional means of transportation, horse-drawn carriages and boats

Traditional Sports events include skiing, ice skating, dragon boat racing, and swimming

4. The terrain of the northwest region is dominated by plateaus and basins. The eastern part is dominated by grassland and desert landscapes; the western basin has a large area of ??desert; only sparse oases appear on the edge of the basin. All this shows that the Northwest is a region with drought as its main natural feature.

5. The Qinghai-Tibet region is a unique region due to its high terrain. Another significant natural feature that comes with "high" is "cold".

6. The northwest region and Qinghai-Tibet region are both major pastoral areas in my country. Inner Mongolia is mainly temperate grassland pasture; Xinjiang is mainly mountain pasture; Qinghai and Tibet are mainly alpine pasture. Sanhe horses and Sanhe cattle in Inner Mongolia, fine-wool sheep in Xinjiang, yaks and Tibetan sheep in Qinghai and Ningxia's Tan sheep are all famous livestock breeds.

7. In addition to animal husbandry, people in the northwest region use river water and mountain ice and snow melt water to develop irrigated agriculture.

Chapter 6:

1. Beijing is the political and cultural center of the country, as well as the center of international exchanges. The Great Hall of the People is the seat of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, and Zhongnanhai is the seat of the Party Central Committee and the State Council.

2. The urban layout of the Beijing Imperial Palace is in the shape of a "convex" character. This urban layout is a representative work of capital planning and construction in the past dynasties of our country.

3. Beijing has countless places of interest, such as the Great Wall, the Summer Palace, the Temple of Heaven, the Zhoukoudian Peking Man Site...

Among them, the Forbidden City in Beijing is the largest and best-preserved palace building in the world. group.

4. In order to enhance its international competitiveness and service functions, Beijing has increased its efforts in infrastructure construction, planning and building key functional areas including the Central Business District, International Media Avenue, etc., as well as urban rapid transit Rail transit and highways; on the other hand, actively develop high-tech industries, improve urban management efficiency and service quality, and build an urban environment where people and the environment live in harmony.

5. Hong Kong consists of Hong Kong Island, Kowloon Peninsula and the New Territories and more than 200 islands around it. Macau consists of the Macau Peninsula, Taipa Island and Coloane Island. Hong Kong and Macao have one of the highest population densities in the world.

6. Hong Kong and Macau are the two special administrative regions of my country.

Our government has formulated the policy of "one country, two systems". The mainland of the country implements the socialist system, and Hong Kong and Macao implement the capitalist system.

7. Hong Kong has more people and less land. "Going up to the sky" - building high-rise buildings and "going down to the sea" - reclamation have become two important ways for Hong Kong to expand urban construction land.

8. The tertiary industry in Hong Kong and Macao is very developed. Hong Kong is an international trade center, transportation center, financial center, information service center and tourism center. Gaming tourism is an important pillar industry for Macao's economic development.

9. For a long time, Hong Kong and Macao have maintained close economic ties with the mainland, of which Hong Kong is the most obvious. The mainland of China has rich and low-cost natural resources and labor resources, while Hong Kong has abundant capital, technology, talents and management experience. The economic cooperation between Hong Kong and the mainland of China complements each other's advantages and is mutually beneficial.

10. Re-export trade refers to a form of trade in which goods are purchased from one country and then sold directly to other countries instead of selling them locally. The mainland of China is Hong Kong’s largest re-export trade partner.

11. Taiwan Province includes Taiwan Island, as well as many nearby small islands such as the Penghu Islands and Diaoyu Islands. Taiwan Island is the largest island in my country. It borders the East China Sea to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the east, the South China Sea to the south, and the South China Sea to the west. It faces Fujian Province across the Taiwan Strait.

12. Taiwan Island is a rich treasure island and is known as the "Pearl of the Southeast Sea of ??the Motherland". More than half of the island's land is covered with dense forests, and it is known as the "Asian Natural Botanical Garden". Camphor tree is Taiwan's most famous tree species, and camphor production ranks first in the world.

13. Before the 1960s, Taiwan's economy was dominated by agriculture and agricultural products, exporting cane sugar, pineapples, rice, camphor, etc. Since the 1960s, Taiwan has focused on developing the export processing industry, forming an "import-processing-export" economy.

14. Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is the largest province in my country. Alpine mountains and basins are alternately distributed in Xinjiang, forming the terrain feature of “three mountains sandwiched between two basins”. The majestic Tianshan Mountains span these central parts of Xinjiang, flanked to the north and south by the Tarim Basin and the Junggar Basin.

15. Xinjiang has thousands of oases, large and small, and is the most important agricultural production base. Wheat, corn, sorghum, etc. are the main crops here. Cotton, sugar beet and a variety of fruits have become the characteristics of Xinjiang’s oases. agricultural products. The karez is an ancient water diversion project that has long been used by oasis residents in Xinjiang.

16. Xinjiang’s predicted oil and natural gas reserves account for about 1/3 of the country’s total land reserves. With the gradual implementation of the country’s energy strategic decision of “stabilizing the east and vigorously developing the west”, Xinjiang is expected to become an important oil and natural gas industry base. The implementation of the West-East Gas Transmission Project will quickly increase local fiscal revenue and alleviate the energy shortage problem in the eastern region.

Chapter 7:

1. The Pearl River Delta is located in the southeast of Guangdong Province, with convenient sea and land transportation, and is called the "Southern Gate" of my country.

The Pearl River Delta region has formed a multi-level open system including special economic zones (Shenzhen, Zhuhai), coastal open cities (Guangzhou), and economic open zones (the entire Pearl River Delta).

2. Taking advantage of the superior conditions here, the Pearl River Delta has attracted a large number of overseas Chinese investments (the main source of foreign investment in the Pearl River Delta is Hong Kong and Macao), and has become the forefront of my country's opening up to the outside world.

3. Since the 1980s, the Pearl River Delta has taken advantage of its superior geographical location close to Hong Kong and Macao to accept the spread of industries from Hong Kong and Macao, introducing a large amount of foreign investment, and also introducing advanced technology, equipment, and management methods. and the latest industrial and commercial science and technology information, established a large number of processing and manufacturing enterprises, and developed an export-oriented economy.

4. Products produced in the Pearl River Delta are mainly exported to Southeast Asia, Europe, Africa, America, Oceania and other regions through Hong Kong and Macao trade channels, earning a large amount of foreign exchange. By the end of the 20th century, it had become one of the world's largest production and export bases for electronics and daily consumer goods.

5. The basic model of cooperation between Hong Kong and Macao and the Pearl River Delta region is “shops in front and factories in back”. Hong Kong takes advantage of its overseas trade window to carry out marketing and external sales, playing the role of a "store". The Pearl River Delta region takes advantage of land, natural resources and labor force to process, manufacture and assemble products, playing the role of "factory".

6. The development of the processing and manufacturing industry in the Pearl River Delta has promoted the development of catering, entertainment, transportation and other service industries. These non-agricultural industries have provided a large number of employment opportunities for the local surplus labor force, and also absorbed Millions of migrant workers.

7. With the development of non-agricultural industries and the migration of population, more and more agricultural land in the Pearl River Delta has been converted into land for industry, transportation and urban construction. These non-agricultural lands are different from those that still exist. Agricultural land is adjacent to each other, forming a unique land use landscape in which residential land, industrial land, infrastructure land and agricultural land are staggered.

8. Xishuangbanna is the place with the most complete preservation of original tropical rainforest in my country except Hainan Province. Tall and straight sky-watching trees, huge tube roots, cruel strangulating plants, and the majestic "single tree forest" are all unique landscapes of the rainforest.

9. There are thousands of animals living in Xishuangbanna, including Asian elephants, green peacocks and other nationally protected animals. People vividly call this place the "Tropical Animal Kingdom".

10. Xishuangbanna is also a place where ethnic minorities live together. The diverse ethnic customs, mainly Dai, add endless charm to Xishuangbanna.

11. For a long time, Xishuangbanna has been dominated by agricultural production. Since the mid-1980s, with the encouragement of relevant national and Yunnan provincial policies, Xishuangbanna has made tourism possible by virtue of its unique location and resource advantages. The industry has rapidly emerged as an important pillar industry.

Chapter 8:

1. The largest loess accumulation area in the world is the Loess Plateau, which is one of the areas with the most severe soil erosion in the world.

2. Soil and water erosion takes away fertile soil on the surface, reducing crop yields; increasing, expanding, and deepening ravines, thereby reducing the area of ??cultivated land; and transporting large amounts of sediment to the lower reaches of the Yellow River to improve river channels. and flood control caused huge difficulties.

3. The terrain of the Loess Plateau is fragmented and the climate is relatively arid. Not only is water and soil erosion serious, but also a variety of natural disasters occur frequently. Drought and flood disasters are the most important natural disasters in the Loess Plateau. Therefore, the ecology of the Loess Plateau is The environment is very fragile.

4. In order to achieve sustainable social and economic development on the Loess Plateau, we must strengthen ecological construction and improve the environment. On the one hand, we must adopt biological measures such as planting trees and grass, building terraces, and building retaining dams. Combining engineering measures to control water and soil erosion; on the other hand, rationally arrange production activities, such as returning farmland to forests and grasslands on steep slopes, and reducing the number of grazing livestock in overgrazed areas.

5. The area along the Yangtze River is a relatively typical "belt-shaped" area. It not only has a superior geographical location, but also has unique natural conditions, which has laid a solid foundation for the development of this area. This area is the key to national economic development. center area.

6. The area along the Yangtze River connects the economically developed coastal areas and the resource-rich areas in the west, forming an English letter "H" pattern, which is the link between the east and the west.

7. The area along the Yangtze River is an important agricultural area in my country and has a strong industrial foundation. It has now developed into one of the most dynamic high-tech industrial development belts in my country. Through numerous north-south tributaries and traffic arteries, these economic and technological advantages can radiate to the north and south, integrating the economies of the north and south of our country.

8. There are many cities along the Yangtze River. The middle and lower reaches are densely populated, while the upstream areas have fewer cities. Among them, the four megacities of Shanghai, Nanjing, Wuhan, and Chongqing are the regional economic, cultural, and transportation hubs. The center plays a strong radiating and driving role in regional economic development. On the basis of these four megacities, four urban agglomerations centered on them were formed.

9. The coast of the Yangtze River is a highly developed comprehensive industrial zone in our country.

At present, four major industrial bases have been formed from east to west. Industrial bases such as steel, petrochemicals, automobiles, and textiles are distributed along the river, forming the prototype of my country's east-west "industrial corridor".

10. During the large-scale development process along the Yangtze River, a series of ecological and environmental problems have emerged, such as soil erosion and flood disasters (the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River have the most concentrated and severe flood disasters in the Yangtze River Basin) , the most frequent areas), water pollution and acid rain.

11. Acid rain can cause acidification of water and soil, causing corrosive harm to plants and buildings. The acid rain area in central China is the acid rain pollution area with the largest scope and the highest central intensity of acid rain pollution in the country. The southwestern acid rain area is the third The second most severe acid rain area, the pollution intensity in the acid rain area in East China is lower than that in the acid rain areas in Central and Southwest China.

Chapter 9:

1. A vast territory and large regional differences are a basic national condition of our country. To achieve sustainable development in a region, it needs to exploit its strengths and avoid weaknesses, develop its economy in accordance with local conditions, and at the same time strengthen connections between regions.

2. A large population and low per capita GDP are another basic national condition of our country. The world in the 21st century is a world where the economy is becoming globalized. Our country must actively integrate into the process of economic globalization and seek development in the world.