First, establish a correct concept of composition teaching
1, to further clarify the nature of primary school students' compositions. The essence of primary school students' composition is to practice calligraphy, to exercise, not to create. According to the curriculum standard, write sentences and words in the lower grades and do exercises in the upper grades. Composition is not mysterious at all. As long as you can speak and write, you can write articles. Gao Yubao, Gorky and others wrote masterpieces without much education, which is proof. "Writing is writing with a pen", "I write my mouth, I write my heart". Composition is the need of life. It is not an ornament or decoration, but life itself. Writing "has become an indispensable article in life like food, clothing, housing and transportation", which can enrich and enrich life. If we make clear the nature of primary school students' compositions, we will not be too demanding and eager for success, nor will we let all students' homework be compared with "excellent compositions".
2. Pay attention to stimulate interest in homework and change "I want to write" to "I want to write". "Interest is the best teacher." Suhomlinski said. As far as talent is concerned, every child is a poet. As long as he "opens the source of creation" in teaching methods, he can make the poet's strings emit wonderful music. When writing sentences and words from the lower grades, it is necessary to stimulate interest, so that every student has a desire, an impulse and a longing mentality when practicing writing. In this way, writing words and practicing becomes a pleasure, not a burden. Teachers of all ages should attach importance to stimulating students' interest in homework and try their best to keep it for a long time. This is what teachers often do.
Obviously, truth-seeking and honesty are the most important composition requirements. Seeking truth means practicing "sincerity", telling the truth, saying your own words, and not telling lies, empty words or adult words; Honesty means "speaking your own words honestly", being honest and seeking truth from facts. Only "sincerity in the heart" can "appearance in the heart". If you are sincere, you can tell the truth and tell the truth. This is not only a question of composition, but also a question of being a man. Through composition teaching, we should not only teach composition, but also teach life, constantly improve students' composition ability and attach importance to the guidance of correct values. For primary school students, if they want to be true and sincere, they must have composition content. The source of composition is running water, which is a full and vivid life. "Ask where the canal is so clear, because there is a source of living water." Don't make things up, don't take the "five-test"-pushing a cart, holding a child, guiding the blind, taking tickets, and giving up your seat easily. You have to live, throw yourself into real life, open up the source of life, live with your heart, be good at observing, be diligent in thinking, and constantly discover-there is no shortage of beautiful things in the world, but an eye that is good at discovering.
Writing is a skill, and the formation of skills depends on training. Writing is a skill, not knowledge, and it is useless to talk about articles. We must work hard and be less bound, so that students can write freely and write what they want in their own language and ideas. It is impossible to form a strong writing ability by infiltrating writing practice into reading teaching, learning in various subjects and daily life only by writing several times a semester. Writing is still a habit, and the cultivation of habits depends on experience. Once you have developed all kinds of good writing habits, you must have strong writing ability. Therefore, teachers should take habit cultivation as an important task in composition teaching, which runs through the whole process of composition teaching. According to the requirements of different grades, teachers of all grades pay attention to the cultivation of the following habits: the habit of diligent observation and experience, the habit of accumulating life materials and language materials, the habit of thinking clearly before writing, the habit of diligent reading and willing to write, the habit of modifying their own compositions and standardizing the habit of neat writing.
5. Establish the idea that "writing is based on reading". The root of writing ability is reading ability. Reading is the basis of writing. "Study hard and relax your composition." First, "how to write" is mostly learned from reading. With the example of this text, students can draw inferences from one example to another, not only constantly mastering the skills of reading, but also constantly acquiring the skills of writing. Writing in words is often stretched, and reading can promote writing, thus broadening one's horizons. The second is to say "thick accumulation and thin hair." It is necessary to strengthen and improve reading teaching, attach importance to reading while understanding and writing while reading, and embody the combination of reading and writing; We should also strengthen extracurricular reading, read good books and complete books, broaden our horizons, enrich our knowledge, raise our awareness and increase the accumulation of culture and language. "Reading is like a million volumes, and writing is like a god." Diligent reading and extensive reading will certainly promote the improvement of writing ability.
In a word, composition teaching should embody the ideas of happy composition, bold composition, life composition and personalized composition.
Second, composition training from writing sentences, writing words to writing fragments to writing a composition, from easy to difficult, step by step.
The lower grades mainly practice writing sentences and words. Including: writing sentences with learned words; Write a few words after observing simple things or pictures; Use sentences (or simple pictures) to express what you see and hear, your feelings or blessings (such as homemade greeting cards); Can write notes (such as information) and keep simple diaries. The most important thing for junior students is that they are interested in writing and are willing to express their understanding and feelings about things around them through writing. When did primary school students start writing sentences and words? According to the arrangement of teaching materials and the reality of students, as long as students have this desire, they should actively guide them (some first-year students in the experimental area began to write more than a month after entering school; Keep a diary since the second grade).
The middle grade focuses on guiding students to write down their experiences, feelings and imagination in an informal way. Besides the practice of writing fragments in general, we should also pay attention to the practice of sketching, fairy tales and letters. Sketch is the basic skill of writing factual composition, which can cultivate the ability of observing things and describing things in words. Junior and middle school students are naive and imaginative. They like reading fairy tales, and are also interested in making them up and telling them. In terms of cultivating imagination writing ability, junior students can practice making up and telling fairy tales, and middle school students can further practice writing fairy tales. In practical writing, middle school students should learn to write letters, and encourage students to make friends and communicate with others through letters.
Senior students are required to write simple factual and imaginary compositions and common practical articles. In the goal of "comprehensive learning", they are also required to write simple research reports.
Third, the ability to observe, think and express should be cultivated together.
Homework must first have content, many of which come from life and need to be discovered through observation; With the content, if you want to write a good composition, you must carefully sort out and organize the materials, and you must figure out which to write first, which to write later, which to write in detail, which to write briefly, where to tell the truth and where to make the finishing point; With a "score" in mind, it depends on the efforts of language expression if you want to finally write a good composition. Therefore, observation, thinking and expression should not be ignored in composition teaching at ordinary times, and the three should be combined for training. As Ye Lao said, "In real life, it is a preparation to develop the habit of accurate observation and careful understanding." "It is also an effort to develop the habit of reasoning and judgment." "Another effort is to cultivate correct language habits." Ye Lao stressed here that if you want to write an article well, you must have keen observation, careful thinking and strong language expression ability.
Let's talk about cultivating observation ability first. Whoever has strong observation ability and is good at discovering will have inexhaustible composition materials. Ye Lao emphasized the importance of observation for writing a good composition. He said, "Beginners, especially those who want to work hard, must cultivate their observation ability." First, we should cultivate the ability of careful observation. Pupils' ability to observe carefully is not strong, so they should be carefully cultivated. Second, we should cultivate the ability to observe in a certain order. Third, we should cultivate the ability to grasp characteristics and observe things. Fourth, we should cultivate the habit of loving life, doing it with heart and observing things around us. Always keep the things around you fresh: you can see what others don't; Others know a general idea, and they observe it carefully; Every time you observe the same thing, you will find something new. Keeping an observation diary (fixed observation, walking observation and continuous observation) is a good way to improve observation ability. A primary school student learned the text "Little Gecko Borrows Tail", so he caught a Gecko and put it in a closed container, and observed it every day. A few days later, he found the gecko eating its own tail. The student kept an observation diary according to the findings in the observation.
In addition, cultivate thinking ability. Ye Lao said: Writing is nothing more than thinking. Good articles are not written, but imagined. It can be seen that conception is important for composition. Think, think about what? Nothing more than thinking about why to write (the main idea of the article); What to write and what not to write (article content); Which to write first, which to write later (narrative order); How to write (language and expression). The process of thinking is the process of thinking with thoughts, language and words, which is also called "writing with heart". When you understand it, you can often write it down in one go. Training pupils to "think" can guide them to draw up an outline and help them think more clearly, comprehensively and systematically.
Finally, cultivate the ability of expression. Here mainly refers to the expressive force of language. This depends on the accumulation of two aspects: one is the accumulation of language materials, and the other is the accumulation of language paradigms. Be sure to read more and recite more, and also give students "enlightenment" in reading inside and outside class. Thick accumulation and thin hair. Read more, recite more and practice more, and students' ability to express content in words will surely become stronger and stronger.
Fourth, the composition guidance starts with the content, and the composition evaluation focuses on the motivation.
Let's talk about composition guidance first. In the past, after the topic of composition came out, the emphasis was on writing, and then students were allowed to deduct the topic according to the law, which restricted students' initiative and creativity.
If composition guidance can stimulate students' interest in writing and make everyone have something to write and be eager to try, it will be a great success. As for the writing method, it is not suitable for indoctrination, and it is more effective to guide while doing.
In the composition guidance class, the first thing to do is to stimulate interest and open up new ideas. Zankov said: "Only in the atmosphere where students are in high spirits, constantly demanding upward, and want to express their unique ideas, those thoughts, feelings and words that enrich children's compositions can be produced." The best way to open your mind is for the teacher to guide the students to talk freely about what can be written in this exercise, so that each student can find what he particularly wants to write.
Next, we should further guide students to think about what to write around the content of this exercise. It is better to have new contents, new angles and new understandings. For example, many students have written exercises such as "introducing themselves". Can we guide students to think about their different performances at school and at home from another angle, write "two Ones" with dual personalities, touch their inner world, write a real me, and urge them to be good students at school and children at home? For another example, when primary school students in China write such a composition as My Dad and My Mom, they often think about it and write it, scratching their heads behind closed doors. Can you learn from foreign countries and ask students to interview people who are closely related to their parents: their parents, relatives and colleagues, and get first-hand materials before writing exercises? The composition written in this way is more specific and true.
Writing guidance, we must start with the content, first solve the problem of what to write, open our minds and let everyone find what they want to write and what they want to write. First, talking about writing or using model essays and examples to clear the way is easy to bind students. At the beginning, students should be "free" and feel that there is a lot to write. Teachers should guide students to choose the most interesting, useful and familiar content to write. Just like a toddler walking by himself, "although he supports carefully, he never forgets to let go." As for the question of how to write, it permeates the process of opening your mind and choosing the content to be written, and guides you in the process of writing and exchanging drafts. It is nothing more than whether the purpose of the exercise is clear, whether the content is specific, whether the order is clear, whether the words and expressions are appropriate, and whether the real feelings are expressed.