China is a country with a serious shortage of water resources, with low per capita possession, low utilization rate of water resources, serious pollution and uneven distribution in time and space.

in China, about 56% of the annual average precipitation is consumed by land evaporation and plant transpiration, that is, the water resource utilization rate of transforming rainfall resources into surface runoff (secondary water resources) is only 44%.

At present, only 3% of urban water sources in China meet the hygienic standards, more than half of the seven major water systems in China are polluted, and about 93% of the 44 rivers flowing through 42 large and medium-sized cities are polluted. Of the 669 cities in China, 4 are short of water supply and 11 are seriously short of water, most of which are in semi-arid and arid areas in the north and northwest of China, and the shortage of water resources in North China has become an important obstacle to the development of national economy.

Of the 32 megacities with a population of over one million, 3 have been suffering from water shortage for a long time; Among the 14 coastal open cities, 9 are seriously short of water. Among them, 16.5% cities are seriously short of water, and more than 3 million people have unsafe drinking water. Moreover, according to the data, the final utilization of water resources in China is only 7.5% of the primary water resources utilization, 18% of the secondary water resources utilization and 56.25% of the tertiary water resources utilization.

the distribution of water resources in China is obviously uneven in time and space, and the distribution of water resources in the north and south is obviously uneven. 81% of the national water resources are concentrated in the Yangtze River and its south, while the Huaihe River and its north account for only 19% of the national water resources. Generally speaking, the distribution of water resources is more in the south than in the north, and more in the east than in the west.

Extended information:

Code of conduct for citizens to protect water

1. Concept: Saving water is proud

Strengthen the legal system construction and publicity work of protecting water resources and saving water, enhance the awareness of water saving of the whole people, make people consciously realize that water is a precious resource, and abandon the obsolete concept of "inexhaustible".

2. Multiple uses of one water

It can reuse water resources, improve the utilization rate and help to save water.

3. Use detergents with caution

Most detergents are chemical products, and a large amount of wastewater with high detergent content will be discharged into rivers, which will worsen the water quality.

Long-term improper use of detergents will damage people's central system, hinder people's intellectual development, reduce their thinking ability and analytical ability, and even cause mental disorders. Detergent residue on clothes will stimulate allergic dermatitis on the skin. If the detergent with high concentration is used for a long time, carcinogens in the detergent will enter the human body from the skin and mouth, which is harmful to health.

Most washing powders produced in China contain phosphorus. The annual output of washing powder in China is 2 million tons. According to the average phosphorus content of 15%, more than 7 thousand tons of phosphorus are discharged into surface water every year, which brings great harm to rivers and lakes. According to the investigation, the total phosphorus levels in Dianchi Lake, Erhai Lake and Xuanwu Lake are quite high, and the phosphorus brought by washing powder in Kunming's domestic sewage exceeds 5% of the total phosphorus load.

When a large amount of phosphorus-containing sewage enters the water source, it will cause algae in the water to grow wildly, make the water eutrophication, reduce the oxygen content in the water, and make the living things in the water die due to lack of oxygen. Water will also become stagnant water and smelly water.

4. Cherish paper

The soaring demand for paper is one of the reasons for the growth of wood consumption. The annual consumption of wood for papermaking in China is 1 million cubic meters, with more than 1.3 million tons of imported wood pulp and more than 4 million tons of imported paper. The large consumption of paper not only causes forest destruction, but also seriously pollutes rivers and lakes due to the sewage discharged from pulp production (the pollution caused by the paper industry accounts for more than 3% of the total water pollution).

5. Develop and popularize water-saving appliances

According to incomplete statistics, there are nearly 4 million sets of toilet water tanks and a large number of other sanitary appliances in China, and hundreds of millions of cubic meters of water are lost every year due to the leakage of toilet water tanks.

Changsha Hydrology Bureau-Present situation of water resources in China

Baidu Encyclopedia-Protecting water resources