1. Can the introduction and conclusion of classical Chinese be used in the body of the letter written in vernacular?
The introduction and conclusion of the letter written in vernacular can be used in classical Chinese, but the following principles must be followed: 1. Do not use excessive Uncommon words.
Letters, as a literary style, have a long history and have formed their own unique writing habits. Many prefaces and conclusions used by ancients have been used by people forever, and their meanings are well known to everyone. For example: Mother is at my knees; Sir, I have learned from you; I have been separated for many years, but I am always thinking about it; I hope for a return; I look forward to saving labor; and so on.
This type of words has clear meaning and focuses on politeness. It can be used according to the text. However, some words have gradually withdrawn from the epistolary style. If used today, they can easily cause unnecessary confusion for the recipients, so try not to use them.
For example, the ancients liked to say "fuyi" before stating something, which means prostrating themselves on the ground and discussing the following things. This type of language is too unfamiliar and few people can understand it, so it should be avoided.
2. Take care of the recipient’s feelings. The purpose of writing a letter is to express the writer's thoughts to the recipient. Making the recipient understand is the first requirement, followed by the need to demonstrate personal cultural qualities. You cannot put the cart before the horse.
If the other party has a high level of classical Chinese, you can be more "literate"; if the other party cannot understand difficult words, try not to use classical Chinese vocabulary. 3. The introduction and conclusion should be consistent with the style of the main text.
The unity of style and language is very important. Even if the text of the letter is in vernacular, there are differences between written language and spoken language. The introduction and conclusion should also take into account the main writing style.
If the whole text is spoken, there is no need to use classical Chinese language in the introduction and conclusion. 2. Regarding the opening and closing remarks of ancient literary chess,
1. Introduction to the conversation and revealing the topic Classical Chinese is a precious heritage of our country’s traditional culture. It is concise and comprehensive, recording our country’s long history and splendid civilization.
Many classical Chinese texts also reveal profound truths. Today, we will study two classical Chinese articles that combine knowledge, interest and philosophy.
Idiom introduction: Are you familiar with the idiom "concentrate"? Can anyone tell me what it means. The idiom "concentrate one's mind" comes from "Mencius?" A classical Chinese article in Gaozi - "Xue Yi" introduces information about Mencius: Mencius (about 372 BC - 289 BC) was named Ke and had the courtesy name Ziyu.
A native of Zou State (now Zou County, Shandong Province) during the Warring States Period. Ancient Chinese thinker and educator.
He was a Confucian master after Confucius and was honored as "The Lesser Sage". Later generations will call him and Confucius "Confucius and Mencius". He affirmed that human nature is inherently good and possesses innate moral consciousness such as benevolence, righteousness, propriety, and wisdom.
He put forward arguments such as "wealth cannot be fornicated, poverty cannot be moved, and power cannot be subdued". "Mencius" was co-authored by Mencius and his disciples. The content includes Mencius' political activities, political theories, philosophical thoughts and personality cultivation.
Let’s look at another classical Chinese passage: “Today’s chess game consists of numbers and decimals; if you don’t concentrate on it, you won’t be able to do it.” This is the sentence before the story “Studying Chess”.
Playing chess is just a technique, a small technique. If you don't concentrate, you won't learn.
Conclusion: It can be seen that there is much to be accomplished if you concentrate on it. 3. Can the main body of a letter written in vernacular Chinese use the opening and closing lines of classical Chinese?
The body of a letter written in vernacular can use the opening and closing lines of classical Chinese, but the following principles must be adhered to:
1. Do not use excessive Uncommon words.
Letters, as a literary style, have a long history and have formed their own unique writing habits. Many prefaces and conclusions used by the ancients have been used by people forever, and their meanings are well known. For example: my mother is at my knees; my husband has a clear understanding; I have been separated for many years, but I am always thinking about it; I hope for a good return; I look forward to saving labor; etc. This type of language expresses clear meanings, focuses on politeness and politeness, and can be used according to the writing style.
However, some words have gradually withdrawn from the epistolary style. If used today, they can easily cause unnecessary confusion for the recipients, so try not to use them. For example, the ancients liked to say "fuyi" before stating something, which means that they prostrated themselves on the ground and discussed the following things. This type of language is too unfamiliar and few people can understand it, so it should be avoided.
2. Take care of the recipient’s feelings.
The purpose of writing a letter is to express the writer's thoughts to the recipient. Making the recipient understand is the first requirement, followed by the need to demonstrate personal cultural quality. Don't put the cart before the horse. If the other party is of high quality in classical Chinese, you can be more "literate"; if the other party cannot understand difficult words, try not to use classical Chinese vocabulary.
3. The introduction and conclusion should be consistent with the style of the main text.
The unity of style and language is very important. Even if the text of the letter is in vernacular, there are differences between written language and spoken language. The introduction and conclusion should also take into account the main writing style. If the whole text is spoken, there is no need to use classical Chinese language in the introduction and conclusion. 4. After seeing the opening statement of your classical Chinese letter, is there anything special about the conclusion?
The conclusion, that is, the conclusion of the letter, should be part of the main text. However, similar to "opening words", a series of commonly used concluding phrases have also been formed in old-style letters. They are still frequently used in the letter slips of cultural figures from all walks of life.
Here we might as well Here are some for reference.
The book is short but has a long meaning, so I won’t go into details one by one.
Sorry not to mention one by one. Not announced. Not sure.
No. Unprepared. Not redundant.
The book is not satisfactory. Too much to say. The beauty is endless.
The remaining guests will talk about it later. Yu Rong continued. More stories after the guest.
Ask the other party to reply:
I hope you will get a reply soon. The warped enterprise shows its reply. Waiting for Mingjiao. Time to teach. Looking forward to praying for the redundant warning. Wanwang is willing to teach you.
Pray for guidance from time to time. If you dare, please tell me something. I still pray for advice. Wherever you go, I'm waiting for you. I am looking forward to it
I will tell you when it is time to stop me and pray for you.
Tell the other person that they don’t have to bother to reply:
I’d like to hear this and don’t bother to reply. Thank you for your gratitude, don't work hard and give me a reply.
Reply to the other party's inquiry:
It's a humiliating inquiry, a little out of date, and a fascinating conversation. Yuan Cheng asked and briefly stated his humble opinion, hoping to teach him further.
The above-mentioned opinions are hardly elegant and we urgently apologize for them. My guess is that it may not be correct, it is for reference only. Don't be presumptuous and hurry up.
This is a conjecture. Fortunately, don't laugh at it.
Ask for permission:
Please pray for your permission. I sincerely hope that you will accept the above request. Everything takes a lot of effort, so I beg and bow down to Yu (Yun).
Expressing concern:
Photo by Fu Weizhen. Many prayers. The sea and the sky are in sight, and it will never end (I miss you). Take good care of yourself and pray for what you hope for
Save your labor for hope. My condolences and mercy (used in condolence letters).
Express your gratitude:
My dear friends, thank you again. The more you work, the more you pay for your kindness. High friendship and deep love, I will never forget it. 5. Compilation of famous quotes from ancient Chinese classics
How can the dense bamboo hinder the flow of water, and the high mountains will not hinder Ye Yunfei from studying and progressing: Aspirations should be high.----Zhuge Liang If his ambitions are not established, nothing can be accomplished in the world. ----Wang Yangming works hard and forgets to eat, and enjoys forgetting worries.---Confucius There is something wrong.--Yuan Tao, Yuan Ming, the lights are on at three o'clock, and the chickens are at five o'clock. It is the time for men to study. Black hair is too late to learn diligently, and white hair is too late to ruin studying.--Yan Zhenqing's journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.--Lao Dan ( Lao Tzu) Good work comes from hard work, waste comes from play; success comes from thinking; failure comes from following.---Han Yu I am not a person who is born with knowledge, but a person who likes ancient wisdom to seek it.--Confucius also has some other things: 1 .Easy to cut, like discussing, like puzzling, like grinding.
("Book of Songs·Wei Feng·Zhan Ao") 2. Those who speak are not guilty, but those who hear are warned.
("Book of Songs: Preface") 3. Stones from other mountains can attack jade.
("The Book of Songs·Xiaoya·Crane") 4. Give me a peach and repay me with a plum. ("The Book of Songs·Daya·Yi") 5. There is no beginning for extravagance, and there is an end for Xianke.
("The Book of Songs·Daya·Dang") 6. Take a long breath to cover your tears, mourning the hardships of people's lives. (Qu Yuan (Li Sao)) 7. The road is long and long, and I will search up and down.
(Qu Yuan (Li Sao)) 8. I cannot change my mind and follow the customs, otherwise my general will be miserable and end up poor. (Qu Yuan's "She Jiang") 9. A ruler is short, an inch is long.
("Chu Ci·Bu Ju") 10. I have a good heart, and even though I died nine times, I still have no regrets. . (The Songs of Chu (Li Sao)) 11. His songs are more noble, and his harmony is more modest.
(Song Yu (Asking the King of Chu)) 12. Fullness brings harm, modesty benefits. ("Shang Shu") 13 .If you want to accuse someone, why bother?
("Zuo Zhuan: The Ten Years of Duke Xi") 14. Who can do without mistakes? ("Zuo Zhuan") ") 15. The auxiliary chariots are dependent on each other, and the lips are dead and the teeth are cold.
("Zuo Zhuan·Fifth Year of Duke Xi") 16. The warriors are strong enough to restrain the plains, and the women are temporarily exempted from the kingdoms. From the 32nd to the 33rd year of Duke Xi") 17. Never forget the past, and be the guide for the future.
("Warring States Policy·Zhao Ce)) 18. It is not too late to mend the situation after it has been lost. ("Warring States Policy·Chu Strategy") 19. Know yourself and the enemy, and you will never be defeated in a hundred battles
("Sun Tzu's Art of War: Planning for Attack") 20. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step ("Laozi·Chapter 64"). ) 21. Misfortune lies where blessings depend, and misfortune lies behind.
("Laozi·Chapter 58")) 22. The sky is vast and sparse but not leaking ("Laozi·Seventy-three"). Chapter)) 23. He who knows others is wise, and he who knows himself is wise.
("Laozi") 24. Birds of a feather flock together, and people divide into groups. (Book of Changes) 25. If a worker wants to do his job well, he must first sharpen his tools.
("The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong") 26. Those who have gone by cannot be admonished, but those who have come can still be pursued. ("The Analects of Confucius") 27. Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you.
("The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan") 28. The three armies can seize the commander, but an ordinary man cannot seize the ambition. ("The Analects of Confucius·Zihan") 29. To learn without thinking is to lose sight, and to think without learning is to perish.
("The Analects of Confucius·For Politics") 30. Be tireless in learning and teaching. ("The Analects of Confucius·Shu Liang") 31. A gentleman is magnanimous, but a villain is always worried.
("The Analects of Confucius·Shuer") 32. People who have no long-term worries must have immediate worries. ("The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong")) 33. Be true to your words and be resolute in your deeds.
("The Analects of Confucius·Zilu")) 34. When making friends, keep your word. ("The Analects of Confucius·Xueer")) 35. If something is wrong, correct it; if not, then encourage it.
("The Analects of Confucius") 36. It is tolerable, but what is intolerable? ("The Analects of Confucius·Eight Hundreds")) 37. Sensitive and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions.
("The Analects of Confucius·Gong Yechang")) 38. My life has a limit, but my knowledge also has no limit. ("Zhuangzi: Master of Health Preservation") 39. It takes ten years to grow trees and a hundred years to cultivate people.
("Guanzi·Quanxiu") 4O. Oranges are oranges if they are born in Huainan, and they are oranges if they are born in the north. ("Yan Zi Chun Qiu") 41. If you are rich, you can help the world; if you are poor, you can only take care of yourself.
("Mencius · Be dedicated to one's heart")) 42. Old people, I am old, and people are old; young people, I am young, and people are young. ("Mencius, Part 2 of King Hui of Liang") 43. The weather is not as good as the right place, and the right place is not as good as the people.
("Mencius Gongsun Chou") 44. The people are the most valuable, the country is the second most important, and the king is the least important. ("Mencius: Devoting Your Heart") 45. Those who have attained the Way will receive many help, while those who have lost the Way will receive little help.
("Mencius Gongsun Chou)" 46. Born in good fortune and died in happiness. ("Mencius: Sue") 47. Wealth and honor cannot be fornicated, poverty and lowliness cannot be moved, and power cannot be subjugated.
("Mencius·Teng Wen Gong") 48. It is better to have no books than to believe in all the books.
("Mencius: End of the Heart") 49. Life is what I want; righteousness is also what I want; you cannot have both, and you must sacrifice life for righteousness.
("Mencius: Fish I Want") 50. If you persevere, the rotten wood will not break; if you persevere, the gold and stone can be carved. ("Gouzi Encouraging Learning") 5l. The fluffy hemp grows straight without support; the white sand is raised, and it is black with it.
("Gouzi Encouraging Learning") 52. A thousand-mile embankment collapses in an ant nest. ("Han Feizi·Yu Lao") 53. Running water does not rot, door hinges do not have beetles, and they move.
("Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals") 54. To study alone without friends is to be lonely and ignorant. ("Book of Rites·Miscellaneous Notes")) 55. One piece and one piece of relaxation, the way of civility and martial arts.
("Book of Rites·Miscellaneous Notes") 56. If jade is not polished, it will not become a tool; if a person does not learn, he will not know. ("Book of Rites·Xue Ji") 57. Everything will be established if it is forewarned, and it will be ruined if it is not forewarned.
("The Book of Rites: The Doctrine of the Mean") 58. If you are envious of fish in the abyss, it is better to retreat and build a net. ("Book of Han·Biography of Dong Zhongshu") 59. A blessing in disguise is a blessing in disguise.
("Huainanzi: Human Lessons") 60. A slight error is a thousand miles away. ("Historical Records·Tai Shi Gong's Preface") 61. The peach and plum trees are silent, and they create their own mistakes.
("Historical Records: Biography of General Li") 62. A wise man will lose something after a thousand worries; a fool will gain something after a thousand worries. ("Historical Records of the Marquis of Huaiyin") 63. Good medicine is bitter in the mouth and good for the disease, and loyal words are unpleasant to the ears and good for action.
("Historical Records") 64. Xiang Zhuang danced with the sword, aiming at Peigong. ("Historical Records·Original Notes of Xiang Yu") 65. A great deal does not care about details, and a great gift does not hesitate to make small concessions.
("Historical Records of Xiang Yu") 66. People are knives and soldiers, and I am fish and meat. ("Historical Records·The Original Notes of Xiang Yu") 67. If you don't make a sound, it will be enough.
("Historical Records·Funny Biographies") 68. King Wen was restrained and performed "The Book of Changes"; Zhongniee wrote "Spring and Autumn"; Qu Yuan was exiled, and Naifu (Li Sao); Zuoqiu was blind, and he wrote "Li Sao" "Guoyu"; Sun Tzu's Bijiao, the art of war; Bu Wei's move to Shu, "Lu Lan"; Han Fei's Guo Qin, "Shuo Nan" and "Lonely Anger"; "Poetry" 300 chapters, most of which are the works of sages and sages out of anger (Sima Qian's "Report to Ren An") 69. The rope cuts off the wood, and the water drops penetrate the stone.
(Ban Gu's "Han Shu") 70. When the water is clear, there will be no fish, and when the people are at home, there will be no disciples. "Book of Han: Biography of Dongfang Shuo") 71. If a young man does not work hard, he will be miserable! (Han Yuefu's "Long Song Xing") 72. A person who travels a hundred miles will be half ninety
(Han (Yi). The poems are elegant and elegant. 6. Ancient classical Chinese sentences are needed
1. It is like cutting and polishing.
("The Book of Songs·Wei Feng·Zhan Ao") 2 .The speaker is not guilty, but the listener is warned. ("The Book of Songs·Preface") 3. Stones from other mountains can attack jade
("The Book of Songs·Xiaoya·Heming") 4. Give me a peach, give me a plum. ("The Book of Songs·Daya·Yi") 5. There is no beginning, and there is an end.
("The Book of Songs·Daya·Dang") 6. Long. I breathe too much to cover my tears, mourning the hardships of the people's lives. (Qu Yuan (Li Sao)) 7. The road is long and long, and I will search up and down.
(Qu Yuan (Li Sao)) 8. I can't. If you change your mind and follow the customs, you will be miserable and poor. (Qu Yuan's "She Jiang") 9. A ruler is short, an inch is long.
("Chu Ci·Bu Ju") 10. Yiyu. The heart is kind, and even though he died nine times, he still has no regrets (Chu Ci (Li Sao)) 11. His music is the most noble, and his harmony is the most humble.
(Song Yu (Question to the King of Chu)) 12. Manchu. Incurring losses, modesty benefits. ("Shang Shu") 13. If you want to impose a crime, there is no excuse.
("Zuo Zhuan: The Ten Years of Duke Xi") 14. No one is a sage, and no one can do anything wrong. ? There is nothing better than being able to change things. ("Zuo Zhuan") 15. The assistants and chariots are dependent on each other, and the lips are dead and the teeth are cold.
("Zuo Zhuan: The Fifth Year of Duke Xi") 16. The husband is strong and restrains the original. ("Zuo Zhuan, Thirty-two to Thirty-three Years of Duke Xi") 17. Never forgetting the past is the guide for the future.
("Warring States Policy·Zhao Ce)) 18. It is not too late to remedy the situation after it has been lost. ("Warring States Policy·Chu Policy") 19. Know yourself and the enemy, and you can fight a hundred battles without danger.
("Sun Tzu's Art of War: Attack") 20. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. ("Laozi·Chapter Sixty-Four")) 21. Misfortunes lie on the back of blessings, and blessings lie on the backs of misfortunes.
("Laozi·Chapter Fifty-eight")) 22. The Skynet is vast, sparse and not leaking. ("Laozi·Chapter 73")) 23. He who knows others is wise, and he who knows himself is wise.
("Laozi") 24. Birds of a feather flock together, and people divide into groups. (Book of Changes) 25. If a worker wants to do his job well, he must first sharpen his tools.
("The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong") 26. Those who have gone by cannot be admonished, but those who have come can still be pursued. ("The Analects of Confucius") 27. Don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you.
("The Analects of Confucius·Yan Yuan") 28. The three armies can seize the commander, but an ordinary man cannot seize the ambition. ("The Analects of Confucius·Zihan") 29. Learning without thinking is a waste, thinking without learning is peril.
("The Analects of Confucius·For Politics") 30. Be tireless in learning and teaching. ("The Analects of Confucius·Shu Liang") 31. A gentleman is magnanimous, but a villain is always worried.
("The Analects of Confucius·Shuer") 32. People who have no long-term worries must have immediate worries. ("The Analects of Confucius·Wei Linggong") 33. Be true to your words and be resolute in your deeds.
("The Analects of Confucius·Zilu")) 34. When making friends, keep your word. ("The Analects of Confucius·Xueer") 35. If something is wrong, correct it; if not, then encourage it.
("The Analects") 36. It is tolerable, but what is intolerable? ("The Analects of Confucius·Eight Hundreds")) 37. Smart and eager to learn, not ashamed to ask questions.
("The Analects of Confucius·Gong Yechang")) 38. My life has a limit, but my knowledge also has no limit. ("Zhuangzi: Master of Health Preservation") 39. It takes ten years to grow trees and a hundred years to cultivate people.
("Guanzi·Quanxiu") 4O. Oranges are oranges if they are born in Huainan, and they are oranges if they are born in the north. ("Yan Zi Chun Qiu") 41. If you are rich, you can help the world; if you are poor, you can only take care of yourself.
("Mencius: Devoted to the Heart")) 42. Old people, I am old, and people are old; young people, I am young, and people are young. ("Mencius, Part 2 of King Hui of Liang") 43. The weather is not as good as the right place, and the right place is not as good as the people.
("Mencius Gongsun Chou") 44. The people are the most valuable, the country is the second most important, and the king is the least important. ("Mencius: Devoting Your Heart") 45. Those who have attained the Way will receive many help, while those who have lost the Way will receive little help.
("Mencius Gongsun Chou") 46. Born in good fortune and died in happiness. ("Mencius: Sui Yu Xia") 47. Wealth and honor cannot lead to sexual immorality, poverty and lowliness cannot move, and power cannot bend.
("Mencius·Teng Wen Gong") 48. It is better to have no books than to believe in all the books. ("Mencius: End of the Heart") 49. Life is also what I want; righteousness is also what I want; you cannot have both, and you are willing to sacrifice life for righteousness.
("Mencius: Fish I Want") 50. If you persevere, the rotten wood will not break; if you persevere, the gold and stone can be carved. ("Gouzi Encouraging Learning") 5l. The fluffy hemp grows upright without support; the white sand grows in the hemp, and it becomes black with it.
("Gouzi Encouraging Learning") 52. A thousand-mile embankment collapses in an ant nest. ("Han Feizi·Yu Lao") 53. Running water does not rot, door hinges do not become beetles, and they move.
("Lu's Spring and Autumn Annals") 54. To study alone without friends is to be lonely and ignorant. ("Book of Rites·Miscellaneous Notes")) 55. Relaxation is the way of civility and military affairs.
("Book of Rites·Miscellaneous Notes") 56. If jade is not polished, it will not become a tool; if a person does not learn, he will not know. ("Book of Rites·Xue Ji") 57. Everything will be established if it is forewarned, and it will be ruined if it is not forewarned.
("The Book of Rites: The Doctrine of the Mean") 58. If you are envious of fish in the abyss, it is better to retreat and build a net. ("Book of Han·Biography of Dong Zhongshu") 59. A blessing in disguise is a blessing in disguise.
("Huainanzi: Human Lessons") 60. A slight error is a thousand miles away. ("Historical Records: Tai Shigong's Preface") 61. The peaches and plums do not speak, and they create a trail of their own.
("Historical Records: Biography of General Li") 62. A wise man will lose something after a thousand worries; a fool will gain something after a thousand worries. ("Historical Records of the Marquis of Huaiyin") 63. Good medicine is bitter in the mouth and good for the disease, and loyal words are unpleasant to the ears and good for action.
("Historical Records") 64. Xiang Zhuang danced with the sword, aiming at Peigong. ("Historical Records·Original Notes of Xiang Yu") 65. A big business does not care about details, and a big gift does not refuse small concessions.
("Historical Records of Xiang Yu") 66. People are knives and soldiers, and I am fish and meat. ("Historical Records·The Original Records of Xiang Yu") 67. If you don't make a sound, it will be enough.
("Historical Records·Funny Biographies") 68. King Wen was restrained and performed "The Book of Changes"; Zhongnieu wrote "Spring and Autumn"; Qu Yuan was exiled and wrote "Li Sao"; Zuoqiu lost his sight and wrote "Li Sao" "Guoyu"; Sun Tzu's Bijiao, the art of war; Bu Wei's move to Shu, "Lu Lan"; Han Fei's "Shuo Nan" and "Lonely Anger" in the Qin Dynasty; three hundred "Poems", most of which are the works of sages and sages out of anger. (Sima Qian's "Report to Ren An") 69. The rope cuts the wood, and the water drops penetrate the stone.
(Ban Gu's "Han Shu") 70. When the water is clear, there will be no fish, and when the people are at home, there will be no disciples. Han Shu·Dongfang Shuo Zhuan").