First, the interpretation of textbooks

1. Short text.

Life is too short to find a bosom friend; Wan Li clouds and smoke, a thousand-year-old story. The basis of pure friendship is understanding, and the most vivid and profound explanation of China culture in this respect is the story of Yu Boya and Zhong Ziqi in the Spring and Autumn Period. "Boya Juexian" is an eternal model of making friends, which has been passed down to this day and gives people eternal enlightenment. It is this story that establishes the noble standard of interpersonal relationship and friendship of the Chinese nation, and it is well-deserved to say that it is a treasure of oriental culture.

This story is gripping and intriguing. Boya likes playing the piano, and she had a high taste in music when she was a child. Boya dissolved his feelings in music, expressing his feeling of standing between heaven and earth like a mountain. His wisdom surged in the universe like the sea with the sound of the piano, and his piano skills reached perfection. And Zhong Ziqi's sentiment and wisdom just have a * * * sound with him. No matter how Boya plays, he can accurately express Boya's ideas in the second stage. Boya was ecstatic for his bosom friend and said, "We know each other all over the world. How many bosom friends can there be! " After the death of chef hippo, Boya was heartbroken and felt that no one in the world could really understand him. "It's a broken string, and I won't play drums for life." The ancients said, "A scholar dies for a confidant." Boya's unique strings show the realm of true friends, which is its charm that has been widely circulated for thousands of years.

The purpose of writing this text is: first, let students understand the general idea of classical Chinese with the help of notes; The second is to accumulate excellent China classical poems and feel the pure friendship of mutual understanding and appreciation among friends; The third is to experience the infinite charm of music art.

The focus of this kind of teaching is to let students read and understand the content with notes and reference books, and then carry out memory and accumulation on this basis.

2. Text analysis.

Understanding of (1) sentence.

① Boya drums and harps, aiming at the mountain, Zhong Ziqi said, "OK, I am like Mount Tai!" Determined to run water, Zhong Ziqi said, "Good, like a river!"

"Good", that's great. "If", it seems. When Boya plays the piano, he thinks of mountains in his mind. Zhong Ziqi listened (admiringly) and said, "You play really well! Just like the towering Mount Tai (standing in front of me)! " Boya thought of running water in his heart, and Zhong Ziqi (ecstatic, cheering and clapping): "Wonderful! This piano sound is like a rushing river (flowing through my heart)! "

After reading this sentence, we have a more real and vivid understanding of "Boya is good at drumming and Zhong Ziqi is good at listening". Boya's piano skills are superb, and Zhong Ziqi's appreciation level is equally superb. In teaching, through repeated recitation, we can appreciate Zhong Ziqi's sincere admiration and Boya's ecstatic mood when he met his bosom friend.

(2) Boya read, Zhong Ziqi will win.

No matter what Boya thinks, Zhong Ziqi can express his thoughts accurately. The exquisite music of Boya can only be truly understood by Zhong Ziqi who knows the melody, and the soul of Boya can only be truly understood by Zhong Ziqi. Love is congenial, this is the bosom friend!

Boya said that there is no confidant in the world, but the piano is broken and the drum is no longer used for life.

"Broken piano", broken piano. A "bosom friend" is someone who understands his mind and speaks the same language. Here, Boya regards Zhong Ziqi as a bosom friend. "Complex", again, again. Boya (heartbroken) felt that there was no soul mate in the world (he knew him better than Zhong Ziqi), so he broke his beloved piano and never played it.

After Zhong Ziqi's death, Boya was heartbroken and dejected, and decided to "break the piano and string". What a tragic and touching scene! The deep friendship between friends is touching. For thousands of years, the story of "bosom friend" has not only been circulated as a beautiful talk in China, but also gained great fame overseas.

(2) Understanding of words.

Boya's unique string: absolutely, cut off. Boya broke the piano because she died in childhood and never played again. It is a metaphor for giving up a certain specialty and hobby after losing a bosom friend to express condolences.

Bosom friend: someone who understands his thoughts and speaks the same language.

Second, the teaching objectives

1. Read the text aloud. Recite the text.

2. Be able to understand the meaning of words according to notes and extracurricular materials and tell stories in your own words.

3. Accumulate China's classic poems and feel the sincere friendship between friends.

Third, teaching suggestions

1. This is the second time that students have come into contact with classical Chinese. To learn this article, we should first guide students to read the article correctly and fluently, and pay special attention to the appropriate pause. For example:

Boya/Guqin is good/Zhong Ziqi/Listening is good. Boyaguqin, aiming at the mountain, Zhong Ziqi said, "OK, I'm awkward/if/Taishan!" Determined to run, Zhong Ziqi said, "OK, Yang Yang Xi/ Ruo/He!" Boya/Reed Zhong Ziqi/will get it. When I died as a child, Boya/prophecy/world/no longer had a bosom friend, and I/broke my piano/lost my string and stopped playing drums for life.

2. This article is concise and fluent, less than 100 words, with little difference between ancient and modern meanings, which is helpful to cultivate students to read the meaning of the text independently with the help of notes. The following steps are recommended:

(1) Students try to read. Teachers can demonstrate reading according to the reading situation, guide students to pause appropriately, read the two modal particles "zai, xi" well, and read smoothly on the basis of correct reading.

(2) After reading the text smoothly, ask the students to understand the meaning of each sentence according to the notes, illustrations and context. The teacher gives instructions so that students can understand the context.

3. After knowing the content of the text, guide the students to read the text and recite it. Feel the sincere friendship of mutual understanding and appreciation among friends in reading, and exchange feelings and experiences on "bosom friends". If possible, students can be arranged to listen to Mountains and Rivers, enjoy rich and smooth melodies and feel the infinite charm of music.

4. Expand the exchange of famous sayings and sentences about making friends at all times and at home and abroad, and experience people's cherish of friendship.

5. Classical Chinese teaching should pay attention to self-study since enlightenment. Read fully and deeply, and read out the charm of the article. As long as you realize the humanistic connotation, there is no need to force it.

Fourth, teaching cases.

First, the introduction of topics

There is a story that has been passed down through the ages and has been passed down to this day. It is the Boya swan song that we are going to learn today. I hope that through today's study, students can further understand and like classical Chinese.

Second, read the text as a whole

1. Read freely, read aloud, and read it several times if you don't understand.

2. Reread and comment randomly. If necessary, the teacher will demonstrate reading or reading aloud, and pay attention to guiding students to feel the rhythm and charm of classical Chinese.

Third, the initial solution of the string.

1. Understand the title of the article: What does "Boya Juexian" mean? Guide students to use familiar expressions to say that they should learn to be flexible when learning classical Chinese. )

2. Where else does the article mention Boya's solo? What does "Juexian" mean here, and what does it announce to the world? It means that you will never play the piano again for life, and you will be completely abandoned to the world. )

Fourth, untie the rope again.

(1) What is a bosom friend?

Read the article again to see what you read and what you didn't read. Students communicate after learning the text.

Several preset teaching generating points:

1. The usage of the word "good" is different: the word "good at listening to drums" can be understood as "good at it"; Two "good" is an expression of admiration.

2. Where can we see that Boya is good at drumming and Zhong Ziqi is good at listening? In-place experience: If you are a child, Boya drum piano aims at mountains and rivers. What do you seem to see through the piano sound of Boya? So how do you admire it?

3. Since Boya is good at drumming, what moving scenes will his piano sound show besides mountains and rivers? Guide the students to imagine and answer: bright moon, breeze, curling smoke, drizzle and spring rain. ...

4. Guide students to expand and use language: If you are a child now, when you play the piano with Boya and face the breeze, do you feel the tenderness of the breeze through the piano sound of Boya? So how do you admire it? ("Good, as slow as the breeze!" ) When "Boya played the piano against the bright moon", did you see the bright moon through Boya's piano? So how do you admire it? ("Good, as bright as the moon!" )

5. Imagine a picture together: Boya is playing the piano, and he is listening to the piano in the second class. When Boya Guqin aims at willows, spring rain and clouds ... how will it be respected in the next stage? Guide the students to say sentences in the form of compound sentence.

6. This is exactly: "What Boya says, Zhong Ziqi will get." If you have something on your mind, a good friend will boast. This is no ordinary friend! It's called a confidant. No matter what Boya is aiming at, whether it is mountains, running water, bright moon or breeze, no matter what Boya is reading, it will win in the next stage. This is the true confidant!

(2) It's a brief encounter.

1. Boya is already a famous musician in Chu. Do you think he will still lack praise? Why does he regard hippopotamus chef as his confidant?

2. Can you feel any emotion when Boya hears other people's irrelevant praise?

At that time, Boya must have a longing in his heart. What is that? He must have been screaming in his head for countless times. What did he ask for?

Finally, one day, Boya met her bosom friend Zhong Ziqi! How will Boya feel in the face of such a wonderful childhood and such a rare bosom friend? What will he say next semester?

If you knew me, you would be a child, too! At this time, Boya and Hippo chefs, do you think they are just a pair of musical bosom friends?

6. The gathering of intimate friends must be very happy and harmonious. Reread the text and feel the harmony and joy of the bosom friend party.

(3) the death of a confidant.

But things are unpredictable, and I died unfortunately. Show the sentences. Students read aloud: "You died when you were a child. Boya said that there would be no bosom friends, but you would break the piano and never play drums again."

1. How could Boya think that there was no confidant in the world when he died?

2. After the death of chef Hippo, Boya had to go back to his old life. It was unbearable to have no intimate friends and no one to understand him. This kind of pain, no one can talk about, is finally manifested in an extreme way: breaking the piano and never playing drums for life! Is Boya absolutely just a string here? What did he break when he broke the string?

Please read this sentence again when you understand Boya's mood at this time.

Fifth, deeply understand the unique character string.

1. Feng Menglong, a novelist of the Ming Dynasty, described this touching story with vivid brushstrokes in Shi Shuo Xin Yu. Boya wrote a short song in memory of his best friend Zhong Ziqi at the grave of the little chef hippo. Show poetry. Students reading:

Think back to last spring, there was a gentleman by the river. I visited again today, but I didn't see my bosom friend. But it hurts to see a piece of land! Sad, sad, sad, can't bear to cry. Why come and go? There are dark clouds on the river bank. This song will never be played again, and the three-foot lyre will die for you!

2. When Yu Boya dies, he will return to the life that no one can understand before. Who can listen to that song? Only this touching story has been passed down through the ages! Students read the text.

What do you want to say to Boya in the face of his pain and despair? Write down your thoughts.

Sixth, the aftertaste is unique.

According to this touching story, people wrote an equally touching piece of music: mountains and streams. Play the music "Mountain Flowing Water", please enjoy it. Read the story again with that touching song "Mountain Flowing Water". (Students read the text again and try to recite it)

(Instructional Design: Xue Yan, Teaching and Research Section of Gongshu District Education Bureau, Hangzhou, Zhejiang)

Verb (abbreviation for verb) related links

Poems about bosom friends are hard to find or the music is delicate, such as "The lyre is broken and the phoenix is cold, I don't want to play for anyone". It's hard to find a bosom friend. "Song Wang Anshi's poem Boya:" Zhu Xian has never been so sad in a thousand years, and he wants to play ghosts. The old man left me and returned to the yellow soil. The flowing water and the mountains know each other well. " Another example is Meng Haoran's poem "Summer Sympathy in Nanting" in the Tang Dynasty: "I can play the piano, I can play the piano, but, alas, who here will understand? . So I think of you, old friend. You are the bane of my midnight dream. " These poems are all about the mystery of writing piano music, the pleasure of listening to the piano, or the metaphor of exquisite works or bosom friends.

The famous sayings of making friends in ancient and modern times are "It's a great pleasure to have friends from afar", "All men are brothers within the four seas", "A friendship between gentlemen is as light as water", "Never leave a friend", "A scholar dies as a confidant", "An enemy with a narrow neck", "However, China holds our friendship, and Heaven is our neighbor", "Forgetting to make friends" and "A friend in need".

Sixth, expand reading.

Boya Qin Xue

During the Spring and Autumn Period, there was a man named Boya who studied guqin with Mr. Cheng Lian. He mastered all kinds of playing skills, but the teacher felt that when he played, he often didn't understand deeply. He just played notes and lacked charm, which could not arouse the audience's * * *. The teacher wants to train him to be a real artist. One day, Mr. Cheng Lian said to Boya, "My teacher Fang Zichun lives in the East China Sea. He can teach people how to cultivate their interests. I'll take you there and let him tell you something, which can greatly improve your artistic level. " So the master and the apprentice prepared dry food and set off by boat. After arriving at Penglai Mountain in the East China Sea, Mr. Cheng Lian said to Boya, "You stay here and practice the piano, and I'll find the master." Say and rock the boat away.

Ten days have passed and Mr. Cheng Lian hasn't come back yet. Boya waited anxiously on the island, tuning the piano every day and looking around. He faced the vast sea and listened to the surging waves. From a distance, the mountains are lush and unpredictable, and the sound of birds singing and flying comes from time to time. These interesting and strange scenes make him feel relaxed and dreamy, and feel that his taste is much higher. Boya has a passion for creation and wants to compose his feelings into music, so he set up a piano, poured his passion into the strings and wrote a poem "Mountains and Rivers" in one go.

Not long after, Mr. Cheng Lian shook back, listened to his sincere performance and said happily, "Now you are the best pianist in the world, go back!" " Boya suddenly realized that the sound of waves and birds are the best teachers. Since then, Boya has accumulated experience in life and art, and finally became the piano master of the world.