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Marshal Chen Yi's Great Achievements
August 26th this year is the 90th anniversary of the birth of Comrade Chen Yi, a proletarian revolutionary, strategist and diplomat who enjoys a high reputation at home and abroad. Whenever we think of his noble virtues and great achievements of "joining the revolution is home" and "planting flowers for free in the world", we can't help thinking like a flood and imagining things. We just want to look back at the magnificent scene where he led the diplomatic front and led us to create a new diplomatic situation as a commemoration.

I. Limited authorization and continuous innovation

I remember that at the beginning of 1954, the first ambassadors we sent returned to China to report on their work. Premier Zhou Enlai specifically asked us to go to Shanghai to report to Comrade Chen Yi. We don't know what that means. I didn't know until I got to Shanghai that the Central Committee decided to transfer Comrade Chen Yi to the State Council as Vice Premier to assist Premier Zhou in charge of foreign affairs. When he met us, he said bluntly, "I'm afraid I can't do diplomacy alone." "I, Chen Yi, sometimes speak very destructively, sometimes emotionally. As soon as the feelings come up, I blurt them out, no matter how serious or not. Within us, if there is any harm to comrades, we can also explain to comrades that we will be abolished diplomatically. " So "I ask the Central Committee to reconsider". Later, we heard that Chairman Mao thought "fear of urgency" was an advantage. Premier Zhou gave him the words "limited diplomatic work and authorization". He took these eight words as his motto and kept it, and repeatedly educated diplomatic cadres to follow it.

In fact, Comrade Chen Yi knew the importance of discipline in his long revolutionary career. He has always attached importance to and observed discipline. Although he is generous and enthusiastic, he is cautious and disciplined. He often emphasizes that foreign affairs are national affairs, and saying a wrong word or doing a wrong thing may have a serious impact. A mistake in diplomacy is not a matter of personal gain or loss, but a matter of national interests and reputation. We must take it seriously, not treat it lightly, make our own decisions, and be emotional. In foreign activities, he can speak freely and strictly observe discipline. For example, at a news conference, when a Japanese reporter asked about China's development of nuclear weapons and specifically asked when the third atomic bomb would be exploded, he replied in a unique and humorous language: "China exploded two atomic bombs, I know, you know. A third atomic bomb may also explode. When will it break out, please wait and see the communique. " Causing the venue to burst into laughter. Then he clearly expounded China's nuclear weapons policy and answered people's concerns without revealing state secrets.

While stressing strict discipline, Comrade Chen Yi also taught us to prevent the other extreme, not to use "limited authorization" as a shield, to be cautious, timid, procrastinating and irresponsible. He asked everyone to use their brains within the scope of authorization, find ways, actively carry out work, and better complete the task. He asked everyone to pay attention to understand the new situation, study new problems, put forward new suggestions, formulate new countermeasures, and actively and creatively carry out diplomacy. In this respect, he can be regarded as our role model. He never shirks when accepting tasks, and he always resolutely follows the work assigned to him by the central authorities and works hard to complete it. Chairman Mao praised: "Comrade Chen Yi, as long as he receives the order, there is nothing that is not fully implemented." He not only has the old revolutionary's high consciousness of observing discipline and carrying out instructions, but also has superhuman strategy and courage, so he often has new creations and distinctive features in diplomatic activities, and he has accomplished diplomatic tasks vividly. For example, in May 196 1, when he led the China delegation to attend the second Geneva Conference, he was active, flexible and free to engage in war, arguing for reasons, which showed his outstanding ability to implement foreign policy and use diplomatic strategies and won a high international reputation for our country.

Second, love the motherland and support friends.

Comrade Chen Yi grew up in poor, semi-feudal and semi-colonial old China, and resented the old society since he was a child, and made up his ambition to break the old world and open up a new one. In his youth, under the influence of the May 4th Movement, he took an active part in the patriotic struggle against imperialism. In order to save the country and the people, with the purpose of "saving the country by science", he crossed the ocean and went to France to work and study. However, he gradually realized that France was not the "paradise" he longed for, and "the European capital world was the den of evil". He began to study Marxism-Leninism and took part in the patriotic movement of students studying in France and the strike of French workers. 1921June 10 was escorted back to China by the French authorities. 1922 joined the China socialist youth league, 1923 joined the China * * * production party. From then on, he fought bravely and overthrew the "three big mountains" that weighed down the people of China from "making a student movement in Beijing" to "shooting at the south of the Yangtze River" until the national liberation.

After the founding of New China, he was first the mayor of Shanghai, then transferred to the State Council as the deputy prime minister, and/kloc-0 became the foreign minister in February 1958. I remember he once told us that some people in Shanghai advocated that "China should be a bridge between the United States and the Soviet Union". After hearing this, he was very disgusted and severely criticized. When he talked with Chairman Mao about this matter, Chairman Mao said, "This means that China people should twist their heads to the ground and arch their backs, so that Americans can ride on China people's backs to the Soviet Union and Soviets can ride on China people's backs to the United States. What can we do? " He said: "The irony of the Chairman is correct. Whoever wants to do it, I, the foreign minister, will not do it. The era when Kerry Duhamel Du Monceau forced Gu Weijun to sign at the Paris Peace Conference has passed! "

However, US Secretary of State Dulles and others still miss that era. During Comrade Chen Yi's concurrent position as Foreign Minister, Dulles once again pursued the "brinkmanship", and the United States sent troops to Lebanon to suppress the revolutionary movement in the Middle East. At the same time, it incited the authorities in Taiwan Province Province to clamor for a counterattack against the mainland. Burke, chief of staff of the US Navy, also threatened that the US Navy was paying close attention to the situation in Taiwan Province Province and was ready to land like Lebanese. However, Khrushchev, the leader of the Soviet Union, wanted to pursue the line of "Soviet-American cooperation and world domination", demanding that China obey his "global strategic needs", meet his demands of undermining China's sovereignty and attempt to control China. Facing the pressure from the North and South of the United States and the Soviet Union, Comrade Chen Yi resolutely opposed foreign interference, control and threats with the heroic spirit of being a great patriot and not afraid of violence. According to the strategic decision of the CPC Central Committee and Chairman Mao, he assisted Premier Zhou in a tit-for-tat struggle against the two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union.

1On August 23rd, 958, at Chairman Mao's command, Jinmen and Mazu all fired, and Chiang Kai-shek was in a panic. At the same time, Comrade Chen Yi actively carried out diplomatic activities and exposed Dulles' so-called "cease-fire" and "escape policy" and conspiracy to create "two China" in time, which caused complaints both inside and outside the United States, intensified the contradiction between the United States and Chiang Kai-shek and made Dulles riding a tiger difficult. At this time, he told us: "The situation in Taiwan Province Province is very delicate and the contradictions are very complicated. It was by taking advantage of these contradictions that Americans could not intervene and had to restrain Chiang Kai-shek from giving us trouble. Chairman Mao's article is really wonderful. " He also pointed out: "We stopped at Kinmen not to send the plague, but to keep it", which made Dulles "hard to get away". Finally, the United States had to withdraw some naval and air forces from Taiwan Province Province and resume the ambassadorial talks between China and the United States. He heroically concluded: "If there is an American in the world who is not easy to provoke, then there is another China in the world who is even more difficult to provoke."

While "shooting tigers at the front door", Comrade Chen Yi resolutely "rejected wolves at the back door". We resolutely resist foreign interference and control. 1959 On September 30th, Khrushchev just finished his visit to the United States and came to Beijing to attend the celebration of the 10 anniversary of the founding of our country. That night, he made rude remarks at a packed and jubilant state banquet and taught our leaders not to "try the stability of the capitalist system by force." During the high-level talks in 654381October 2, Khrushchev accused China of shelling Kinmen and Matsu and retaliating against Indian border violations. Comrade Chen Yi righteously gave him a stern rebuttal. Khrushchev said in his memoirs: "This time, China decided to release Chen Yi to attack me. The negotiations suddenly became fierce and tense. " In his last words, he also "scolded" Comrade Chen Yi. This is precisely the embodiment of Comrade Chen Yi's clear love and hatred, firm stand, awe-inspiring and lofty aspirations.

Comrade Chen Yi is a great patriot and a proletarian internationalist. During his tenure as Minister of Foreign Affairs, he devoted a lot of energy to supporting the people of Asia, Africa and Latin America in their struggle for national independence and developing friendly and cooperative relations between China and Asian, African and Latin American countries. During the eight years from 1958 to 1966, he visited 26 times and nearly 30 countries. Most of them are Asian and African countries, and most of the foreign guests received by China belong to Asian, African and Latin American countries.

1In April, 955, as Premier Zhou's main assistant at the Asian-African Conference, he assisted Premier Zhou in starting from the overall situation of unity and anti-imperialism, in line with the principle of seeking common ground while reserving differences, made extensive contacts with delegations from all countries inside and outside the Conference, made extensive friends, expounded China's position and opinions, dispelled the doubts of some countries, made outstanding contributions to this grand event, and gained valuable practical experience for him as a foreign minister.

1958 In February, as soon as he took office as Foreign Minister, he visited the Democratic People's Republic of Korea with Premier Zhou and arranged for Chinese people's Volunteer Army to leave China. On February 17, he gave a vivid lesson on internationalism to officers and men at the headquarters of the Volunteers. After explaining the great significance of China's self-interest, hegemony, non-stationing troops in other countries and unconditional withdrawal, he said meaningfully: "At any time and anywhere, we should not be benefactors. If you think I owe you, you should kowtow to me." "Xin knows the siege of Handan and is famous all over the world. A friend advised him not to be proud, and advised Xin to say,' People are better than sons, and sons should not be forgotten; Childe is kind to others, may you forget it. "This is the national tradition of China."

Comrade Chen Yi helped Premier Zhou lead us to solve the border and dual nationality problems left over from history through peaceful consultation, mutual understanding and mutual accommodation with many neighboring countries, and further developed the friendly and cooperative relations between China and many neighboring countries. He expressed deep sympathy for the independence movements of African countries. His three visits to Africa greatly supported and encouraged the people of African countries in their struggle against imperialism, colonialism and racism. He enthusiastically praised: "Since the independence of Northwest Africa, we have been fighting and following each other. Look at the heavy light on the scale, all are invincible. " He actively participated in the five principles of China's relations with African countries and the eight principles of China's foreign aid formulated by Premier Zhou, and pointed out: "China's aid is essentially different from imperialist aid. The imperialist aid is to cultivate your dependence on him, give you some milk to eat and give you some opium. If you are addicted to smoking, you can't get rid of me. China's assistance is unique. Having suffered from this kind of assistance, we can forgive others and help them to become self-reliant. We have suffered this and can't give it to others. " What a noble internationalist mind this is!

Third, stick to principles and be good at fighting.

Comrade Chen Yi has always faithfully and conscientiously implemented the foreign policies formulated by Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou, adhered to the principle of central approval, and never wavered in compromise. He often said that diplomacy should not delay the opportunity. He always conveys and carries out the instructions or instructions of Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou quickly and effectively. Too late to do it the same day, too late to do it the next day. Often, just after the central meeting, the meeting of heads of foreign affairs departments presided over by him began; Go to Premier Zhou's office to talk about work in the morning, and convey the arrangement in the afternoon, and never delay the opportunity. When he conveyed the central government's decisions and instructions, he did not follow the script, but explained it in combination with his own experience; Immediately after the communication, organize discussion, deeply understand the spirit, seriously study the implementation methods, and better complete the task.

Comrade Chen Yi often tells us that we should put our heads together in diplomacy. The central government's principles and policies must be resolutely obeyed, but the specific implementation measures must be practical. He has always advocated that the principles set by the central authorities must be adhered to, while realization principle's strategy should be applied flexibly, and he should dare to fight, be good at fighting and be good at winning. He stressed that diplomacy, like war, should do a good job in investigation and study, know yourself and know yourself, and fight every battle. He often organizes situation retreats, and even invites Chairman Mao and Premier Zhou to participate, to discuss the changes and development of the international situation, and to put forward new ideas, new suggestions and new countermeasures in time for the reference of the central government's decision-making, which has won the attention and support of the central government and made diplomatic work always in an active position.

Comrade Chen Yi also made a reasonable analysis of the characteristics of diplomatic work. At the end of 1960, he once said to all diplomatic cadres: "the bowl of diplomacy is not delicious, because diplomatic issues cannot be completely depended on us. If people don't do it, you have no choice. " He believes that it is impossible for countries to negotiate without exchanging ideas and acquiring knowledge. Therefore, in diplomatic practice, he is good at using strategies flexibly and adopting appropriate ways to communicate the ideas of both sides in order to reach an agreement. He advocated combining formal negotiations with private contacts, taking every opportunity to talk with foreign guests, introducing China's situation and policies actively, and enhancing each other's understanding of China; At the same time, understand each other's situation and intentions, so that the two sides can reach an agreement on the basis of communication ideas and negotiate well. In his diplomatic practice, the biggest workload is talking with foreign guests. According to the existing statistics, he meets more than 300 foreign guests every year. His overseas visits are also mainly talks, and he often involves major foreign negotiations in warm and hearty talks to find solutions. When he attended the international conference, he also closely combined the speeches at the conference with the conversations under the conference. He thinks that in international conferences, it is often difficult for everyone to finish the manuscript approved in advance, so he pays more attention to side events and gains knowledge through personal conversation and exchange. Then, in accordance with the principle of seeking common ground while reserving differences, we will put forward a practical plan, win the support of most representatives, and reach an agreement acceptable to all parties. 196 1 In May, he led a delegation from China to attend the Geneva conference on Laos. 1964, when he attended the preparatory meeting of the second Asian-African conference as a foreign minister, he used this method to break the deadlock and promote the success of the conference. This not only shows his outstanding diplomatic skills of being brave and good at fighting, but also enhances China's international status and credibility.

Fourth, make friends and treat people sincerely.

Comrade Chen Yi is far-sighted and open-minded. He has always made friends with the heroic spirit of "attaching importance to ideals and striving for the world", enhancing understanding and strengthening cooperation, so as to open up the diplomatic situation in China. In foreign activities, he actively made friends, official, non-governmental, eastern and western, regardless of country size, status, and friends all over the world.

Comrade Chen Yi has always advocated making friends with sincerity. He has a strong party spirit and pays attention to sincere human feelings. When he introduces the situation to foreign guests, he always divides it into two parts, which are about achievements and problems, trying to make people fully and correctly understand the situation in China; When he asked foreign guests about the situation, he always listened patiently and objectively to their introductions and never made any comments. When discussing issues with the other side, he often frankly stated our position and proposition and sincerely sought the opinions of the other side, which was praised as "high-profile diplomacy" by foreigners.

Comrade Chen Yi, with his profound knowledge and rich experience, made the conversation between the two sides both wide and deep and fascinating. He is good at putting important policy propositions in small talk, frank and funny, and makes the other party listen with relish and accept them easily. He often exchanged ideas by laughing and laughing, and reached a * * * knowledge, which is not only conducive to the development of cooperative relations between countries, but also enhanced personal friendship and won a high reputation in the world.

Comrade Chen Yi has extensive and in-depth contacts with leaders of Asian, African and Latin American countries. For example, the leaders of Myanmar, Indonesia, Pakistan, Cambodia, Mali, Tanzania, Algeria and other countries all have sincere friendship with him, and some have deep contacts and even talk about everything. For example, President Su Jianuo once said to him, "My way of life is bourgeois. I'm afraid you don't want to hear it. " He said earnestly, "We regard you as a friend, and I don't think there is any harm in being a bourgeois revolutionary. Our Dr. Sun Yat-sen is the leader of the bourgeois revolution. " President Su Jianuo felt very cordial after hearing this, and later said to people, "After talking with Marshal Chen Yi, I feel a surge of strength and often get a satisfaction. For more complicated problems, Chen Yi can make it clear in a few words. " Not to mention the deep friendship between Prince Sihanouk and General Ne Win. After his death, Sihanouk insisted on attending his memorial service. In a message of condolence to Comrade Jess Zhang, Sihanouk said that Marshal Chen Yi is a reliable and active friend of the Khmer people, and his name will live in the hearts of the Khmer people forever.

Comrade Chen Yi's contacts with western leaders are also frank and sincere. For example, during the Second Geneva Conference, he and British Foreign Secretary Homer exchanged visits many times. When Homer asked, "Why can't you concentrate on the heavy domestic construction task without considering others?" He readily replied: "The trouble with you Westerners is that you always think from your personal life, but we feel too narrow." Many years later, Homer called Chen Yi a "useful friend" in his memoirs, and praised his contribution to the Laos neutrality agreement.

Comrade Chen Yi also had contacts with harriman, known as the "eternal star" of American diplomatic circles. At the second Geneva conference, he accused harriman of making mistakes in his speech and then shook hands with him. Harriman said, "I agree with the first two pages of your speech, but I don't agree with the third page." Comrade Chen Yi replied humorously: "It seems that you are not as good as me. I also talked about two pages you like, but I don't like any of them. The most important thing now is to implement the agreement. The United States should withdraw its troops from Laos and Thailand. " Harriman replied that things in the United States are more difficult and repeatedly said to Chen Yi, "Don't forget to invite me to China anyway."

Comrade Chen Yi has made great efforts to promote China's diplomatic career. During his tenure as foreign minister, China experienced two diplomatic climaxes, which opened a new diplomatic situation. This is the heroic poem he wrote when he visited six Asian and African countries: "The sea brews a thousand bells of wine, and the mountain bears Wan Ren onions. Wind and thunder open the earth, and there are relatives and friends everywhere. "

5. Pine trees stand forever.

Just as Comrade Chen Yi was strategizing and leading us to create a new diplomatic situation, the storm of the "Cultural Revolution" suddenly struck. At this time, he just came back from a visit abroad and was unprepared. At first, he focused on "opposing and preventing repairs", expressed support for the movement, actively sent working groups to various units, and called on cadres at all levels to correctly carry out criticism and self-criticism, stick to their posts, and ensure the smooth progress of diplomatic work. Soon, Chairman Mao decided to cancel the working group and adopt the reactionary bourgeois line of suppressing the masses. Comrade Chen Yi also took the initiative to take charge of the working group sent by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs to protect its members. When criticizing the working group in the Second Foreign Languages Institute, Chen Yi rushed to the meeting place and clearly pointed out: "The mistake of sending the working group was caused by the situation at that time, and I supported sending the working group; We should criticize the mistakes of the working group, but we have no right to kill them, but we should help them correct their mistakes; Turning the working group into a counter-revolutionary and gangster is better than turning Chen Yi into a counter-revolutionary and gangster. " He also repeatedly educated young comrades to do things according to Mao Zedong Thought, and not to mess around in order to avoid making mistakes. In order to keep diplomatic work undisturbed, he insisted on distinguishing between internal affairs and diplomacy. With the approval of the Central Committee, it is forbidden to engage in the "Big Four" in foreign embassies and consulates, and it is opposed to giving quotations from Chairman Mao and commemorative medals to foreigners at will, so as not to cause external adverse effects and damage the image of China.

Comrade Chen Yi bluntly pointed out: "Diplomatic power belongs to the central authorities and cannot be seized." When meeting with representatives of foreign students, he said: "We are old and have to hand over our classes. However, it must not be given to careerists and two-faced! You can't watch the revolutionary achievements gained by millions of martyrs with their precious lives go down the drain! " He was more fully prepared and made a just criticism and struggle against accusing him of surrendering to imperialism, revisionism and reactionaries in various countries and putting out the attacks of the people's revolution. He firmly replied that he carried out the revolutionary line of combining the firmness of principle with the flexibility of strategy. This is the idea of establishing the most extensive international united front put forward by the CPC Central Committee and Chairman Mao, which is true Marxism-Leninism and worthy of our ancestors.

1February, 967, when the storm of seizing power swept across the country and spread to the army, Comrade Chen Yi was upright, preferring to be a pine in the snow rather than a reed in the wall. He angrily rebuked Lin Biao and Jiang Qing's counter-revolutionary clique for trying to confuse the party and the country, persecute veteran cadres, usurp the party and seize power, and were labeled as "February Countercurrent". Subsequently, he was framed and persecuted, physically and mentally devastated, and suffered from cancer. 197 1 After the "September 13th Incident", Comrade Chen Yi made a solemn exposure and profound criticism on Lin Biao, and prepared to go out and do another great thing, but unfortunately his condition deteriorated and he died on June 6th, 1972.

Comrade Chen Yi has been away from us for almost 20 years, but his revolutionary spirit, lofty moral character and brilliant achievements will remain immortal and inspire us to advance forever. As he said in his poem: "The heavy snow presses the pines and cypresses, and the pines and cypresses are tall and straight. You have to know that it is loose and noble until it melts. " He is such a noble pine tree that will live in our hearts forever.