Recently, due to the epidemic, primary and secondary schools in Beijing have been conducting online learning at home. How to guide parents to do a good job in home education and accompany their children to have a happy home study life has become the responsibility and obligation of every class teacher.

From May 10th to 20th, in order to improve the family education guidance ability of the class teacher and implement the guidance responsibility of family education, the Moral Education Section of the Haidian District Education Commission, the Haidian District Education Science Research Institute and the Modern Education Newspaper jointly organized Online class teacher’s family education guidance ability improvement training activities.

The event invited education experts, university professors and representatives of outstanding primary and secondary school teachers to conduct live lectures one after another to improve the home-school communication, online home visits, student development guidance and other aspects of the class teacher’s ability to effectively respond to the epidemic. During the prevention and control period, teachers and parents were "separated from each other", and they jointly shouldered the educational purpose of caring for students and helping students grow, forming a joint force in educating people, achieving "suspension of classes without stopping learning", and jointly implementing moral principles The fundamental task of tree people.

The content of this training includes the skills of observing and analyzing students, the skills of communication and cooperation in primary and secondary school home visits, and the skills of family education guidance. Through these three aspects, the content of these three aspects can be used to alleviate the anxiety of class teachers during the special period of the epidemic and provide them with Scientific and effective support and help.

This training aims to achieve three major purposes: first, to improve home-school communication skills and help solve educational problems; second, to improve teachers’ professional quality and help home-school collaborative education; third, to strengthen Family education guidance to promote students’ physical and mental development.

Expert opinions

Wu Yinghui

Dean of the Beijing Haidian District Educational Science Research Institute

How a class teacher skillfully observes and analyzes students

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Observing and analyzing students is a basic work skill for every class teacher. Suhomlinsky said in "Suggestions for Teachers": "A teacher's educational quality depends to a large extent on whether he or she is good at integrating children's mental work and physical work into games, visits, and extracurricular breaks. Observe children internally, and how to transform or embody the results of observation into ways and means of exerting individual influence on students. "As the class teacher who is closest to the students, understands them best, and is most easily remembered by students, how should he observe and analyze students. , and apply the results of observation to the growth and development process of students? The following will talk about four key points: observing students skillfully, analyzing students in depth, guiding students effectively, and guiding parents.

The first is to observe students. This is the basic work skill of every class teacher, and it is also a way to study students. By watching, listening, and asking surrounding students, teachers, and parents, etc., carefully observe and understand students' speech, non-verbal behavior, emotions, and thoughts. Changes and anomalies in other aspects, and then collect materials and information for students to analyze.

The class teacher should understand the discourse system of students in the corresponding academic period, cultivate keen observation and identification skills, respect the differences of different students, observe more and record more, and gradually grasp the interests, expertise, and personality of each student in the class , features, etc.

For example, the class teacher can observe changes in students’ classroom performance, changes in students’ friendships in the class, changes in the quality of students’ homework, changes in students’ recess activities, changes in students’ clothing, and changes in students’ daily activities. Changes in group activities, etc., can also be observed through comprehensive methods such as quizzes, homework, class works, self-reports, group counseling, individual conversations, etc., to understand students' abilities and achievements, difficulties and setbacks.

The second is to analyze students. This is a process of looking at the essence through phenomena. You can see the students' psychological state through their behavioral performance, or you can see the students' emotional changes, thought changes, etc. through a certain behavior.

Observing students’ external characteristics is the basis and condition for understanding their inner world, because students’ inner world is implicit and deep. Class teachers should combine the different tasks and psychological development characteristics of students at each stage of development, Only by deeply interpreting students' inner needs through students' external performance can we stimulate students' interest in learning, generate emotional resonance, and convince students.

Therefore, the class teacher should go into the students' hearts and see through the "little secrets" that the students do not want to express. At the same time, they should break the inherent thinking patterns, look at the students from a developmental perspective, and not arbitrarily post "bad students" Labels such as "backward elements" and "backward elements" are used to comprehensively understand students' performance in and out of school and at home, trying to form a three-dimensional image of students in their minds and eliminate "blind spots" in observation.

The third is to guide students. The ultimate purpose of observing and analyzing students is to apply the results of observation to the students' growth and development process. How to guide students to develop positively has become the top priority.

Therefore, the class teacher should try to create a class that truly belongs to the children, set up a stage for them, provide resources and platforms, create conditions and opportunities, and provide different guidance according to the different characteristics and problems of the students.

For example, set up a small spiritual mailbox in the class. For children who are not good at expressing and introverted, small notes, letters, individual communication, etc. should be used. Individual counseling should be used for individual problems; Questions should be answered through class group activities, themed class meetings, resource push, etc. Through rich and diverse forms, we guide students correctly and cultivate positive qualities such as emotional stability, sound personality, adaptability to society, harmonious interpersonal relationships, and responsibility.

The fourth is to guide parents. Family and school are two important places for students to learn and live. Family education and school education must work together to maximize educational effectiveness. The same applies to the maintenance and prevention of students' mental health. It requires the joint attention and assistance of schools and families to achieve the most effective prevention.

The class teacher should not only observe students’ words and deeds at school, but also guide parents to observe their children’s abnormal emotions, behaviors, speech, etc. Only by identifying and judging based on performance can blind spots and biases in observation be avoided.

Therefore, in addition to observing and analyzing students' abnormal behaviors through various methods at school, class teachers also need to actively encourage and guide parents to use some reasonable methods at home to help observe students' every word and deed. , every move, home and school work together to understand a child more comprehensively, and make comprehensive and accurate judgments through information obtained from multi-faceted observations.

Deng Linyuan

Department of Education, Beijing Normal University

How to improve the family education guidance skills of class teachers

January 1, 2022, " The Family Education Promotion Law of the People's Republic of China was officially implemented. As an important role in family education guidance, how can class teachers improve their family education guidance skills? I think there are two important aspects: one is to grasp the prerequisite for the smooth development of family education guidance, that is, establishing a good "teacher" relationship between the class teacher and the parents; the other is to grasp the content of family education guidance, including how parents Understand the impact of family factors on children's behavior, as well as specific methods of family education.

Grasp two elements to establish a good “teacher” relationship

First of all, in order to promote the effective development of family education guidance, we must pay attention to how to establish a good “teacher” relationship. Because only with a good "teacher" relationship can parents truly trust the class teacher, be willing to accept the guidance of the class teacher, and practice the family education methods shared by the class teacher. This requires effective communication between teachers and parents.

In the process of communication, listening and expression are two elements. When parents encounter difficulties in educating their children, when communicating with teachers, teachers first need to be a good listener, so that they can "see, hear, feel, and speak". They must not only listen to the stories and opinions told by parents, but also listen to the stories and opinions told by parents. We also observe their non-verbal messages through our eyes, and carefully understand their moods and feelings in the context of such a story, and use non-verbal messages at appropriate times, such as eye contact, smiles, nodding, leaning forward, etc. And simple verbal feedback, such as "I know..." "Yeah..." "Uh-huh..." to show that you are listening carefully to the parents and understand the views and worries they want to express.

On the basis of listening, teachers also need to pay attention to the attitude and way of talking to parents. In short, there are several things to pay attention to:

First, be emotional , Xiaozhi reason. Based on the early listening, we convey to the parents our emotions and empathy for them, and shorten the emotional distance with the parents.

The second is to encourage and affirm parents as much as possible. Many times when parents come to teachers for guidance and help, they often encounter a lot of confusion when educating their children. At this time, they often feel frustrated and have no confidence in educating their children. Therefore, if the class teacher can give them some encouragement and affirmation, they will Only then are they truly willing to take action and practice the parenting methods we teach them.

Third, the guidance to parents must comply with the principles of specific, positive, and operable. It is the method shared by teachers with parents, and they can easily take it back and use it directly after listening to it. For example, teachers hope that parents can spend more time with their children's growth. A more appropriate guidance should be "Parents can put down their mobile phones for 15 minutes a day and do things with their children that they are interested in, such as reading, playing Lego, playing ball, etc., or chatting." Topics they are interested in." rather than just "parents should spend more time with their children's growth", such more general guidance.

Start from two aspects to guide parents to carry out family education

On the basis of a good "family-teacher" relationship, the next step is the specific content of the class teacher's guidance on family education to parents.

On the one hand, it guides parents to understand their children's behavior from a systematic, interactive and dynamic perspective.

How to understand children’s behavior from a systemic perspective? For example, when we complain that our children are procrastinating in doing things, we cannot just attribute it to the child being lazy or lacking motivation. Instead, we need to ask some self-questions to reflect on what role we play in the child's procrastination and how we can solve it. *To change together.

How to understand children’s behavior from an interactive and dynamic perspective? For example, a child may say, "When you don't yell at me, I will finish my homework consciously," but a parent may say, "If you can complete your homework consciously, I will naturally not yell at you." - We must remember Remember, the relationship between parents and children affects each other. Changes in either party will lead the interaction cycle to a different track. In addition, we also need to guide parents to think about which factors in the family are related to their children's behavior. From a large perspective, it is nothing more than parents' example and words.

On the other hand, the class teacher can also share some practical family education methods with parents. In the specific guidance of family education methods, we can teach by example to guide parents to reflect on the role models of their own thoughts, behaviors and emotions for their children. On this basis, we can actively adjust ourselves and set a good example for our children. ; It can also guide parents through words and phrases how to create a warm and loving family environment for their children by adjusting and improving the relationship between husband and wife and parent-child. In addition, we can also share and discuss some specific family education methods so that parents can master more practical and scientific parenting methods.

Class teacher’s experience discussion

Yin Lina

Tsinghua University Affiliated Middle School

How to carry out home visits with high quality and efficiency

The main idea of ??home visits is to form a joint educational effort in which schools and families work closely together to jointly promote the healthy growth and all-round development of students. Teachers can capture the growth trajectory of students through effective communication with parents, find the root of the problem, and effectively guide parents to cooperate in solving their children's problems.

Collect information before home visit

First, collect information.

Compile and record the basic information of the target students, such as personal information, hobbies, personality traits, interpersonal interactions, and recent mental state or mood swings.

Compile and record the information of the main members of the target student’s family, including the parents’ occupations, concepts of educating children, living habits, etc., which can be used as a guide for the conversation.

Organizing and recording the target student’s status in school requires the evaluation of the student by all teachers in the recent period, including classroom listening status, homework status, error correction status, unit testing status, learning attitude, etc. .

Compile and record the personal social information of the target students during their time in school, including feedback from students in the class on various aspects of the target students, with a focus on understanding their social-related information.

Compile the strengths and weaknesses of the target students. When communicating with parents, fine-tune the content of the evaluation based on what the parents can accept, so that parents can better cooperate in completing the home visit.

Secondly, formulate a home visit solution plan.

It is necessary to select the most important problem items that parents need to solve and put it first to solve. It can help parents effectively solve the problems they are concerned about, which is a successful home visit.

An emergency plan needs to be prepared in advance before home visits. For example, for adolescent junior high school students, students and parents may encounter some unexpected situations during the home visit. Here is an emergency plan for how to deal with them.

Communicate in advance. Through the collation of information, simple communication is conducted with parents and students before the home visit. Ensure that all three parties proceed in a stable state of mind, and the ultimate goal is to work together to educate people.

Develop a strategy. Choose appropriate communication methods based on the characteristics of students and parents. Do not talk about all the issues at once, but focus on the core issues; if the communication is smooth and the core issues are resolved, the discussion can focus on other issues that parents are concerned about.

Pay attention to interactive methods during home visits

For parents who are not good at talking, the head teacher can first introduce the children's various performances at school, so that parents can understand their children's situation at school and guide them They take the initiative to communicate with teachers. Communicate with parents in a sincere manner, with the purpose of solving problems, not asking for blame.

Comprehensively understand students’ performance at home, fully communicate with parents, and understand each other’s occupation, learning ability, academic qualifications, past experiences, etc., as a reserve of information for future communication with students. For example, when students have problems at school, they compare their family situations and find more effective ways to solve the problems.

It is necessary to objectively evaluate the students' situation in school and persuade parents to agree that students must obey the overall management of the class. It conveys to parents the concept of paying attention to the details of their children's life and study. Even small mistakes will affect the students' future. When introducing students' performance in school, it is particularly recommended to express more about students' growth and progress.

Parents should be given guidance on student development and family education, and executable improvement guidance should be given on students’ core issues to help parents conduct effective family education. Forming a joint effort between home and school, students can improve in other aspects, which will naturally lead to improved performance.

Form an objective judgment on the type of parent. Fine-tune the focus of home visits. Guide parents to establish a correct outlook on talent and educational concepts, treat problems that arise in students' growth rationally, and discuss solutions with parents from the perspective of caring for students.

Continue to track the improvement of problems after the home visit

It is necessary to organize all work records in a timely manner. Combined with what we learned during the home visit, we find the essence of the student's problems, try to communicate in multiple ways, and continue to track until the problem is improved. Evaluate and summarize the results of this home visit to facilitate the development of the next home visit.

About unsolvable problems. Don’t rush to solve problems that cannot be solved in one home visit. Some students may need to evaluate their family's educational philosophy multiple times and provide reasonable family education guidance at the same time. If you can't find a suitable method, you can slow down temporarily. You must not use students as guinea pigs, and you cannot use uncertain guidance methods as an experiment to reflect on and improve. If you are not sure, you would rather not provide guidance.

In short, have more contact with parents. Every family has its own story, and the problems behind every student are related to these stories. Communicate with parents sincerely, try to make friends with parents, change cold solutions through warm attention, sincerely try to solve problems, listen patiently and provide targeted guidance.

Observe every child carefully and touch the heart of every student. In fact, every student hopes to be affirmed and praised.

Xing Yan

Qiyi Primary School, Haidian District, Beijing

Home-school cooperation should follow six major principles during the epidemic

"Communication" What is it? "Communication" is the process of transmission and feedback of thoughts and feelings between people and between people and groups. It is an art to achieve consensus in thoughts and smooth feelings. It is also a science.

In special times, we communicate more with students and parents to understand the needs of students and parents from a professional perspective. This is our professional attitude. "Being needed is a kind of happiness." Although teachers cannot solve various problems of students face-to-face during special periods, we can use professional methods and effective communication to help students and parents solve problems that urgently need to be solved in real life. Good communication at this stage is not only the "fusion agent" for home-school cooperation, but also the "catalyst" to promote the healthy growth of students, and it is also the "placebo" for stable home life.

Prevent the "interruption phenomenon"

There is no rule without rules. In offline education and teaching work, we will use homework registration, class performance records, health records, class speeches, classroom records, etc. Performance, such as the number of teacher criticisms and praises, etc. These seemingly trivial records can allow students to directly recognize the causes of their own problems, and also allow parents to understand their children's performance in a timely, comprehensive, objective and fair manner.

During home learning, teachers’ guidance on students’ growth may be “interrupted”, which requires teachers to communicate with parents in a timely manner and use the advantages of home education to pay attention to their children’s growth. Parents very much need guidance from teachers, both in form and method.

In special times, effective home visits are the highlight of education and teaching work at this stage. Teachers can also use the platform of home visits to gain a comprehensive understanding of students, their growth environment and their family's parenting style, and gain an in-depth understanding. Provide targeted positive guidance to students and help parents solve various "difficult and complicated diseases" in family education.

Home-school cooperation follows six major principles

During home learning, home-school cooperation must follow the following basic principles:

First, it is open to everyone. Teachers should establish an equal and friendly cooperative relationship with parents, insist on treating different families and all students equally; focus on the purpose of student growth and development, mobilize all parents to actively participate, and jointly develop a life that combines universality and individualization , study plan.

The second is the same goal. Teachers take the initiative to form consistent educational goals with parents and promote the all-round development of students. Home and school work together to guide students so that even if they study at home, students can return to normal learning status, develop good living habits, cultivate a positive and sunny attitude, and grow up healthily.

The third is to actively intervene. Fighting the epidemic is the responsibility of the whole society. Teachers, parents and children should all take active responsibilities. As professional educators, teachers provide educational support and academic assistance to students and parents.

The fourth is division of labor and cooperation. Home learning includes family life and family education. Parents are the main body of family education and the legal guardians of students' growth. Parents provide students with necessary conditions and life situations through example, words and deeds, and family traditions. Teachers provide professional guidance and guidance to jointly influence and help children. Learn to study, learn to live, and learn to be a human being.

The fifth is to respect choices. The school organizes online learning. The content, methods and arrangements of learning must be based on the differences in each family's education. It must not only obey the general laws of school teaching, but also obey and serve the general laws of family life and family education, and be consistent with family life. Organic coordination. We should also pay attention to the subject of learning and pay attention to the needs of students.

Teachers should provide appropriate advice to parents and encourage middle school students at home to independently carry out learning activities such as educational small productions, small inventions, sharing of reading and watching movies, family topic discussions, intellectual games, etc. Properly organize class network exchanges to publicize and promote the vivid experiences and practices created by students during home learning.

Sixth is effective communication. In response to the problems that arise in students' learning and family education, and with a problem-solving orientation, home-schools carry out process-based interactive communication. Teachers should establish personal contact with parents through multiple channels, actively create a home-school communication atmosphere in which home and school respect each other, pay attention to language arts, and treat parents sincerely. It is necessary to use multiple communication channels to communicate in a timely and effective manner, solve problems that arise, and effectively convey scientific family education methods, epidemic prevention knowledge and mental health knowledge.

At the same time, the management of communication platforms such as WeChat groups should be strengthened. Teachers should pay attention to policy guidance when sending WeChat messages and adhere to these three principles: "Think about it before writing, check after writing, and send if there is no problem." At the same time, class group management should prevent and promptly stop rumors among parents. It is necessary to encourage parents to share the positive energy and good examples in the "fight against the epidemic" in the WeChat group, as well as share the happy and happy times in family life at home.

Planner: Zhang Jiyuan, Zhen Youchuan

Editor: Hao Bin

Editor: Hao Bin

Final review: Wang Yu, Su Jinzhu, Bao Danhe

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