Swedes Swedes are tall, blond and wear wool hats in winter. They are shy, reserved, earnest and diligent, and seldom smile at themselves. Swedes like to get up at 5: 30 every morning in order to have enough time to read the morning paper before going to work. Because work always starts after eight o'clock, it can be inferred that Swedes don't read so fast. Besides themselves, Swedes usually pay attention to money, career, family, ice hockey, and then family. They also love animals, mainly dogs here. They often ride bicycles and lead a huge Altai bulldog through town streets for hours. Swedes are usually punctual, honest, trustworthy, clean and tidy, have their own teeth and obey the law. The basis for saying that they obey the law is especially reflected in crosswalks. No matter how bad the weather is, they would rather stand in the rain and get wet than run through the red light of an empty car. Similarly, they never forget to fasten their seat belts, never drink and drive, always pay TV bills and declare tax bills in time, and always take plastic bags when walking their dogs. Wait for it, etc. Swedes are very alert and rarely act impulsively except sneezing. For them, all decisions are life and death. To give a simple example, they will taste at least ten different cheeses and then decide to buy only 20 grams of one of them. It is this vigilance that makes them not easily involved in the boat of marriage. They will first live with a woman, have one or two children, and then-if no problems are found-propose to her. When it comes to marriage, Swedes are quite different from most Europeans. Everything housewives can do, from cooking to sewing buttons, they can do better. In fact, all housework is shared except breast-fed children. Swedes like to appear knowledgeable. They can spend hours studying some important issues, such as nuclear energy, the third world, environmental pollution, the situation in South Africa and the sexual habits of centipedes. At the same time, they have to pay less attention to minor matters, such as the names of neighbors or whether a certain kind of beer should be banned. When it comes to health care, most Swedes can't help following blindly. They often go running in the nearest forest on weekends and spend hours pedaling bicycles fixed on the basement floor. Considering the health problems, many Swedes give up smoking, sugar and coffee at night, don't sleep after 10 at night and don't associate with strangers. But the most striking feature of Swedes is their sense of equality, that is, everyone is the same. In order to do this, they have the same surname, such as Svencen, Nelson or persson, with similar after-tax salary, the same taste in furniture, similar clothes and similar ideas. They all drive Volvo cars and spend their summer holidays in Mallorca. Swedes will never admit any prejudice. All foreigners look like Swedes to them, although they actually have no friends from Yugoslavia, Greece, Turkey, Poland, Italy, Finland or Czechoslovakia. Apart from their names and living habits, they grow vegetables in the kitchen, carry knives, rob banks, live on social relief, pick jobs, raise rabbits, beat their wives, and speak Swedish like sticking sticks in their mouths. To be sure, foreigners are not much different from themselves. To put it simply, Swedes love sunshine, hate long queues, like getting on the bus first, and hate winter; Enjoy sex, but don't tolerate gypsies, believe everything the National Health and Welfare Bureau says, but doubt God, worship Ingemar Stenmark, get drunk only when drinking, and be a true patriot-even if the Swedish flag is painted on his underwear, he goes to the liquor store twice a week, but only visits his parents at Christmas, attends English classes, and so on. Of course, Swedes are inevitably annoyed by some things.

Danes

Danes behave gracefully in social situations, never speak loudly, and never show anxiety and panic.

Danes are slow to do things. Although they are the most relaxed people in Scandinavia, they are still very serious, conservative and serious during working hours. Don't forget to shake hands when you go in and out of his office. It's best to take a more moderate attitude towards sales. If you are invited to their home, you must bring flowers. It is a basic principle to send flowers first, or bring some unusual and exquisite gifts. Be sure to be punctual.

Danes are kind, simple, not impatient, calm and kind. Strong planning, everything step by step, follow the rules. Therefore, it is very slow to do things, such as business negotiations. We must follow the instructions from the beginning, otherwise, we will ignore them.

In Denmark, when invited to a private home, you should arrive within a quarter of the appointed time. It is customary to send the hostess a bunch of flowers, or chocolate, wine, etc. As a gift. At the dinner table, Danes have many rules for toasting. Guests should not propose a toast first, but wait for the host to propose a toast. Besides, no one should touch the cup before the host says "please". When talking with guests, Danes are always used to being a little far away from each other, and generally 1.2 meters is more suitable.

Danes in dress etiquette attach great importance to dressing neatly in formal social occasions, usually in suits and ties. People are also used to wearing evening dresses when holding grand dinners. But in daily life, they dress casually and wear all kinds of popular clothes. Many people like sportswear. In summer, tourists wearing swimming trunks can be seen everywhere in some seaside resorts in Denmark.

Manners and manners The Danes are generous and unrestrained. They like to stay away from each other when they talk together. This is just a national habit, and they have no intention of alienating each other. In fact, they are very good at making foreign friends. Danes are different from southern Europeans. They have less constraints and more freedom of action, but they also have many rules. For example, if you go to a local family to be a guest, if the host asks you to take off your coat after entering the door, it means that the host is willing to stay for a long time, otherwise the host will not want to stay for a long time.

Meeting Etiquette When Danes meet guests in social situations, they usually take a handshake as a gift. Some The Danish Girl still maintain ancient customs. In elegant occasions, men who meet with status often curtsy, and some even stretch out their hands, and their palms naturally droop, which is a sign of letting each other kiss their hands. Danes don't like or even taboo to shake hands with four people. When entertaining friends, they think it is unlucky to light cigarettes for more than three people with matches or lighters.

Dining etiquette The staple food of Danes is pasta, especially bread. Non-staple food likes beef and mutton, and vegetables often eat tomatoes and cabbage. Danes like to drink, so every time they entertain guests, they always appoint someone as a driver. He doesn't touch alcohol, otherwise he is not allowed to drive no matter how much he drinks. They usually drink coffee, yogurt and scented tea. Wedding and Funeral Etiquette The Danish government pays attention to popularizing sex education for its citizens, and all kinds of schools in the country offer courses on sex knowledge. Young men and women express their feelings, communicate freely and dare to pursue their lovers boldly. Fishermen in the Fallot Islands of Denmark have the custom of catching dolphins. After the death of local people, there are two ways: burial and cremation. Lutherans hold funerals in accordance with traditional religious ceremonies.

Business Etiquette The most suitable season for business activities in Denmark is from September to May. From June to September, local businessmen take more vacations. In addition, the fifth day is implemented in Denmark, and the office hours are usually from 8 am or 9 am to 4 pm. Before negotiating with Danish businessmen, it is best to put forward a complete proposal and submit it to them. They don't like endless bargaining. Danes are good at selling. So when dealing with Danish businessmen, we should pay attention to planning. Only by relying on fine products can we always open the market smoothly. Tourism etiquette Denmark has a developed tourism industry. It has a well-served airliner flying to world-famous places, and a special tourist plane in China. In Denmark, bicycles are as important as cars. There are more than 3 million bicycles in the country, which is one of the characteristics that distinguish Denmark from other European countries. When you take a taxi, you don't have to tip.

The main taboos are Danish taboos 13 and Friday. They are afraid that someone will disturb them and talk business with them. They don't like talking about political and social issues, and they don't like people asking about their private affairs.

the Dutch

As we all know, Holland is commonly known as "Tulip Kingdom" and "Windmill Kingdom". Beautiful tulips and Don Quixote full of "passion" laid the brand of Holland. But I don't know if you know that there is such a sentence in English "let' s aa system! Translated into Chinese, it means "AA system", which seems to mean that the Dutch are naturally "stingy", and they will make it clear to each other no matter what they do, and they highly admire the "AA system". Therefore, Americans with humorous cells extended "let's Dutch" to "AA system". The Dutch used to be the most orthodox people in Europe, and now they are still a model of paying attention to cleanliness. They are frank and open-minded If you have been to Holland, the things that impress you must include that the local people don't hang curtains in their windows. "Our whole family does their own things, why are we afraid of being seen by outsiders?" This is what an old Dutch man said. Therefore, if you like to see the "western scenery", the best place to go is the Netherlands.

For some Dutch new generations, their behavior is completely opposite to that of the elderly. They are deliberately unsanitary and even refuse to be baptized, but in fact these acts are only to express their dissatisfaction with the Dutch authorities, and their political tendency seems to be anti-American. If you have to deal with these rebellious young people in your daily work, the best countermeasure is to listen to their views and then express your views without anger. They seem to appreciate honest disagreement, and once they see that you have not overreacted to their criticism, they will not pester you about political issues. The so-called "it takes two hands to make a sound".

The Dutch are relatively simple and have no aristocratic atmosphere of the Belgians. Dutch businessmen also attach great importance to business ethics, because the Netherlands is a commercial country that started with foreign trade and has a particularly profound understanding of trade. The Netherlands is a weak country, and the Dutch are the most in favor of European integration among European member States. They hate the excessive nationalism of people in other European countries. Dutch people have high cultural literacy and are good at doing business. As said at the beginning of this article, for people who are good at haggling over every ounce, knowing how to do business is their natural capital. Traditionally, the Dutch are good at making money and managing money, but they casually gave up the exploitation of natural gas in the North Sea, which reduced the tax revenue and still rankles the Dutch. So, don't take this matter to laugh at the Dutch. This is entirely a Dutch family matter, and they are in no hurry to accept your friendly opinions and criticisms. The Dutch are willing to talk about the dazzling parties in politics and government. You might as well spend more time on it.

The largest companies in Europe have close ties with the Netherlands (such as Philips and Shell). The Dutch are good at establishing international business relations, and they are very competitive, which can be seen from their maritime rescue industry. They worked as hard as the Germans to sign the contract. When dealing with you, they will use their economic advantages to get extra benefits. People once criticized the captain of the Dutch rescue boat, accusing them of sometimes waiting until the owner of the wrecked ship agreed to his terms before starting rescue. They like to spend some time planning business agreements and talks in advance, and they don't like you to visit them without notice. Unlike in China, people often say, "Nothing, just passing by, just passing by." .

In business habits, the Dutch always insert small talk in the negotiation, and also bring out coffee and chat while drinking. After the interview, remember to write to your opponent to mention the interview in order to confirm the contents of the negotiation. People in other countries generally do not speak Dutch, but they can speak many foreign languages. Almost everyone you meet can speak English and German. Therefore, don't worry about language barriers when communicating with them. If they negotiate on their own, they will switch to Dutch, and even if you are around, they won't worry about leaks. Dutch people sometimes don't show good feelings, but they think they can get along well with foreigners.

Therefore, it is not too difficult to deal with the Dutch, as long as you remember "LetsgoDutch!" Don't go to dinner with them without your wallet.

Finnish

The typical feature of Finns who have read many books is quiet and shy. They are not good at expressing themselves, but they are quite frank and can give people a strong sense of security. So whenever I use "smile" to describe the feeling that Finns give me, their faces are full of surprises. In fact, some Finns I have met do have expressionless and cold faces, but more people still smile in a friendly way. Even if we don't know each other, we never feel embarrassed to say "hi" with a smile. Sometimes, when we find it difficult to communicate, we are even used to using a smile instead of language. Xiao Shuai should belong to a very traditional Finnish. He is quiet, introverted and extremely kind. Compared with this generation of young people, he is a very special one. He doesn't like the noise of bars, he doesn't like to treat his feelings lightly, he likes quiet activities such as photography, and he loves every tiny life around him ~ ~ ~ Walking on the road, he will smell the smell of every flower, pick up branches or garbage that others are still on the ground, and even pick up those that have been blown down by the wind. Such a person is really incredible. Finns: You can't eat without fish just as Russians can't eat without vodka, while Finns are-you can't eat without fish. Finland has a long and tortuous coastline and thousands of lakes, large and small, and is endowed with unique aquatic resources. Salmon (salmon), Baltic herring, salmon and fresh water cod have their own flavors, and there are various processing methods, such as smoking, roasting with open flame and steaming.

Summer is the best season to taste salmon, white fish and Baltic herring, and the first choice for Finnish banquets is smoked salmon. They wrapped the fish in special paper and baked them. White fish, snapper and Baltic herring can also be smoked or barbecued, and a row of herring can be neatly sandwiched and barbecued with birch plywood. This grilled fish is not only fat and tender, but also has a faint birch fragrance.

From July to September, it is the season for Finns to taste a kind of crayfish called "crayfish", and they often hold "crayfish parties". The most appetizing thing in winter is trout and salmon such as haddock and whitefish that have just been salvaged from the ice cave. In winter, the meat quality of these fish becomes extremely pure, tender and delicious, which is most suitable for raw and pickled.

Norwegian

We often say: soil and water support one person. Norwegians living near the Arctic Circle have a special personality. Some friends in China often write to me and ask me. In their eyes, Norway is too far away from China, so Norwegians are as mysterious as "polar bears". A friend asked me to draw a sketch of Norway, so that people in our country can know the Norwegians at a glance. In fact, Norway, like any other country, is an all-inclusive society, and Norwegians living in this society are all-inclusive. As the saying goes, there are many differences between people, and so are Norway, some with high grades and some with low grades. In a word, my sketch for Norway can only be thick lines, and it is impossible to cover everything. Norwegians are grim-faced, serious-looking, talkative and will not take the initiative to associate with others. Foreigners who first came to Norway have almost the same first impression of Norwegians, and I have a deep understanding of this since I came to Norway. This is my first sketch for the Norwegians. In airports, railway stations, banks, post offices and other public places, when you meet Norwegians, you are warmly nodded. Most people tend to "turn a blind eye" and generally pass you by; If you travel abroad by plane or train, the Norwegian will sit next to you. Don't expect him to "grind his mouth". They may not even bother to lift your eyes. I am in Norway, and I don't know any of my neighbors, let alone have contacts. They will never come to you unless you go to them. According to Norwegian custom, it is very impolite for you not to call home, otherwise you will be rejected. Therefore, I almost lived a life of "old age and death" in Norway. Norway is a rich and peaceful country with fresh air and elegant environment. But from time to time, I feel that "every day is like a year" because there is too little interpersonal communication in Norway. Many Norwegians would rather lead cats and dogs around, take a walk and visit the park than chat with others. If you want to live here, you must first endure loneliness and monotony. Without this patience, don't come to Norway to "suffer". However, the formidable Norwegians are a bit "duplicitous". Some people describe it as: the Norwegian character is like a "hot water bottle", which is cold outside and hot inside. This is just right. "Hot water bottle" is a real sketch I drew for the Norwegians. On the surface, Norwegians seem to "keep people away", but beneath the surface, they have a warm heart. When you get to know them, they will smile and treat each other warmly; Norwegians don't take the initiative to associate with people, but if you take the first step, they will take the second step or even the third step; Generally speaking, Norwegians are slow to accept new things, but once they are sure, they will put all their eggs in one basket. For example, if a China man opens a new Chinese restaurant in the center of Oslo, there will not be many diners at first, but if his food is "good quality and low price" and his service is "warm and thoughtful", the Norwegians will gradually accept him and recognize him, and then "enjoy it" and "patronize" his restaurant frequently. Many Chinese restaurant owners told me that business in Norway should never be a "one-shot deal". We should stress credibility, have a long-term vision in doing business, and mainly earn money from "repeat customers". I met many enthusiastic people living in Norway. Once, our embassy visited Ibsen's former residence and got lost. Seeing the sun set, it was getting late, and we couldn't find a place, so our visit was "ruined". Just when we were "in a hurry", an old couple happened to drive by here, so we hurried forward to ask. Without saying anything, the old couple drove ahead to lead the way. We drove more than ten kilometers in a hurry and finally arrived at the visit site before closing the door. We got our wish, and the two old people drove away happily. I think the "thermos" character of Norwegians mainly comes from their unique cultural and living background. Norway is located in northern Europe, with vast territory and sparsely populated, harsh climatic conditions, self-sufficient life and little contact with the outside world. Norwegians living in this environment admire nature, but they are not good at making friends with others; They are kind and simple by nature, but they are not good at words and expressions. Even today, Norway has entered the ranks of developed countries, and the things in its bones have not been washed away by money. They are rich, but in the eyes of many Norwegians, a "colorful" life is far less pleasant than skiing in the mountains, walking in the suburbs, swimming in the sea and sunbathing on the beach. No wonder some Norwegians want to build a wooden house deep in the forest, away from the noisy city. What they want is inner feelings and inner comfort, not external luxury and splendor. This Norwegian character is indeed very similar to a thermos.

Portuguese

The general characteristics of Portuguese social customs can be summarized in the following words:

Living in Europe and Portugal, the national character is more open-minded;

Feelings are delicate and open, and communication is unwilling to be mixed;

Talking about bullfighting happily, everyone loves carnations;

Taboo "13" and "Friday", thinking that it will sprout in case of its disaster;

Staring at others is evil, and if you violate it, you will get into trouble.

There are the following characteristics in the details of life:

The Portuguese are open-minded and cheerful, and their feelings are sincere and delicate. They are warm and sincere, outspoken and unwilling to accommodate each other. They are serious and polite. Regardless of their status, they usually send their guests to the door in person. Their phenomenon of "men are superior to women" is more serious, while women generally do not have the rights enjoyed by men, such as the right to vote and choose their husbands, and they are not even allowed to open independent accounts in banks or obtain passports without their husbands' permission. All they have is the strength to work hard. On holidays, people usually like picnics. In front of the old castle, beside the windmill and beside the roadside flowers, they are all good places for picnicking. Anyone passing by will be warmly invited by them. They like to talk about the advantages and personal hobbies of their country, civilized bullfighting and other activities in small talk, and they are also happy to talk about these. They prefer carnations as a symbol of revolution and victory. They often congratulate each other with carnations and call them the national flowers. They like lavender and star anise, because these flowers and plants not only have ornamental value, but also have economic functions, which will bring happiness and happiness to people.

Portuguese personality characteristics: similar to Italians and Spaniards.

Spanish characters

The Spanish character is a typical southern European character, enthusiastic, optimistic, unrestrained and practical, which is completely different from the British reserve, the German stuffy, the American active and the Japanese earnest.

The biggest feature of Spanish character is optimism. They believe that people should not be slaves of life, but should be masters of life. They should be good at controlling life and making it colorful and enjoyable.

The second characteristic of Spanish character is warm and generous. Anyone who has come into contact with Spaniards will have the impression that they are cheerful, frank, accessible and easy to make friends. Even if you meet a Spaniard for the first time, he will talk freely with you in Kan Kan like an old friend.

The third characteristic of Spanish character is self-reliance and self-improvement. They always like to do things by themselves, unwilling to ask for help or rely on others. Even if I can't do it well, or I can't, I'm determined to try. Even if I fail, I won't regret it. They think that if you put in, your efforts will pay off. Especially for those challenging and exciting things, they have a spirit of adventure and courage. Whether it is family education or social education, it encourages this national spirit of overwhelming difficulties and self-improvement.

Another feature of the Spanish character is conformity. Without rules, there would be no Fiona Fang. They have a famous saying, "Follow the rules". They think that the rules are made by everyone, so they cannot be broken. They are willing to use rules to restrain themselves and control themselves. Everyone is proud of obeying the rules, and thinks that consciously obeying the rules is what modern civilized people must do, which embodies the necessary qualities of modern civilized people.

Spanish personality characteristics: enthusiasm, unrestrained, like pleasure, like everything with a beautiful appearance.

Italian

Italians are typical southern Europeans. They are hospitable and casual, but they don't have a strong sense of time and often miss appointments or are late.

When dining in Italy, it is an Italian custom for men and women to sit separately. Generally speaking, the order of eating is cold dishes first, then the first course, including pasta, soup, rice or other staple foods; The second course includes fish, meat and so on. Then dessert or fruit, ice cream, etc. Finally, coffee. Pay attention to etiquette when eating, and don't ask too much at a time. Don't let the knife and fork jingle when eating. When eating noodles, roll it up with a fork and send it to your mouth. Don't suck with your mouth, especially when using soup. After each dish is used up, put the knife and fork side by side on the plate, indicating that the dish has been used up. Even if there is any left, the waiter will withdraw the plate.

Italians like to drink, and they are very particular. Usually drink aperitif before eating, order wine according to dishes at dinner, drink white wine when eating fish, drink red wine when eating meat, and drink beer and water at dinner. Drink a small amount of hard liquor with ice after meals. Italians seldom drink too much, and they don't have the habit of persuading wine when eating, so they are very casual.

When invited to a friend's house, especially on holidays, you should bring some gifts or souvenirs to your host. Pay attention to the packaging of gifts. After receiving the gift, the host will open it in front of the guests and say some polite words or thanks. In addition, don't arrive early when you are visiting an Italian family. It's better to be a little late.

Italian characters

Italy is long and narrow, like a boot. It borders Austria, Switzerland, France and Croatia in the north, and faces the African continent across the sea in the south. Historically, northern Italy was occupied by Austria, Switzerland and France for many times, while southern Italy was deeply influenced by Spanish and Arabic cultures with different historical backgrounds. 186 1 year, Italy achieved national unification. Prior to this, all localities were divided into independent city countries of different sizes.

A short period of 100 years cannot change the cultural characteristics of various places. Not only is there a big gap between the north and the south, but each region maintains its own unique habits, traditions, history, food culture, language and customs. Therefore, the local people's temperament is also varied.

It is rare for a country to live in the same country, but there are so many different customs. And Italians are particularly proud of their hometown. There is a saying: "The church bells in every street are worth cherishing." This sentence reveals deep feelings for his hometown and a strong sense of competition with other places. This can also be seen from every booing and desperate struggle on the football field.

"Without love, life is unimaginable"-A cheerful southerner

As mentioned above, it is very important to meet an Italian for the first time and know where he is from and his life background. Not only for us foreigners, but also for Italians, knowing where each other comes from is also a crucial factor in communication.

First of all, from the appearance, generally speaking, people who are tall, slightly blond and have brown hair and blue eyes are mostly from northern Italy. People who go further south are shorter, but their skin, hair and eyes are darker. The generous and typical Italian in our mind actually comes from southern Italy. -Who can study Totti on the forum?

They are cheerful, happy and even talkative; They always put their work second. They are most keen on drinking, eating, singing, dancing and falling in love ... simply and enthusiastically enjoying life. For these southerners, life without love is simply unimaginable.

These people have a glib tongue and often smugly impose their will on others. On the other hand, they are romantic and infatuated. Because of this, once they move on, the outcome is unpredictable, which should be paid more attention to. They attach importance to traditional customs. If you are his bride, they will invite 200 or 300 people to a two-day and two-night wedding reception in the street square. What a "godfather" country. Marriage can be a grand festival.

On the surface, people in southern Italy are hilarious, informal and easy to fall in love, but there is also a deep and delicate side. They attach great importance to their feelings with their families, even if they are all Italian, they will find it difficult. It doesn't matter if it's just a relationship. If you want to get married, it is difficult to get married without adequate communication and tacit understanding between families.

On the contrary, many Italians in the north pursue progress, are ambitious, work hard and work hard. Unlike southerners, they don't enjoy themselves, have no restraint, treat people with restraint and are more urbanized. Most professional women in the north hold the concept of equality between men and women.

Milan, like Shanghai, is like a melting pot, accommodating Italians from all over the world to work. Immigrants from the south will become "northerners" in the second generation. In Milan, you can often meet some "hybrids" whose parents were born in the south and the north respectively.

Both of them are Italian, but their looks and temperament are quite different because of their different places of birth. This is really incredible and interesting.

Italian personality characteristics: enthusiasm, unrestrained, informal, casual, appearance-oriented, creative.

British people

British people pay attention to clothes, and clothes should change from time to time. They tend to judge people by their appearance, so they should pay special attention to their appearance and attitude. British people pay attention to clothes, and they should be well dressed as soon as they leave home. Although the British have lost their former glory, they are particularly conceited. Because people in the upper and middle classes live comfortably, they have developed the traditional manners of "gentleman" and "lady". But they are old-fashioned, generally keen on conformism, reserved and solemn. Ordinary families love old furniture, old furnishings, old clocks and watches handed down from the previous generation and show them off. There are many "century-old shops" in London, the capital. The more famous the shops, the more completely they retain their original style or layout. Although the car engine has been replaced with a new model, the model should be kept the same as before. There are two post offices in London, which are open day and night 365 days a year and never rest. It is said that they are preserved according to the ancient English tradition.

English people are withdrawn, rigid in life, conscientious in work, not interested in foreign affairs, often reticent, cautious about new things, and have a unique calm humor. They are reserved and indifferent, and their feelings are not revealed. Even if there are sad things, they often don't show up. They seldom lose their temper and are patient. They don't want to argue with others unnecessarily. The British are very patient. Under no circumstances will they show anxiety.

British personality characteristics: rigid, conservative, earnest and polite to people.

The number of words is limited, and some French and German cannot be presented here. Please forgive me.

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