1. Family Sacrifice The ancients used the etiquette of worshiping ancestors or family guardian spirits in the family temple. In the Tang Dynasty, there were special personnel who formulated family sacrifice etiquette and implemented it accordingly. There are two lines in the poem "Shi'er" written by Lu You in the Song Dynasty: "The king sets the day for the Central Plains in the north, and he never forgets to tell the old man when he makes family sacrifices."

2. Chao Yi The ceremony of the ancient emperor's visit to the court. According to the regulations: the emperor faces south, the three ministers face north and east is the top, the prince faces east and north is the top, the ministers face west and north is the top, the royal family is on the right side of the road gate, the south is the east and the servant is on the right. The officials and servants are on the left side of the road gate, facing south and west. The position of the court ceremony has been decided, the emperor and his ministers bowed to each other, and then retired from the court. Later generations also called the etiquette of ministers and emperors "chaoyi".

3. One of the ancient court gifts. It is a ritual system for princes to meet the emperor regularly. There are three forms for princes to meet the emperor: sending officials to meet the emperor every year is called "xiaopin"; sending ministers to meet the emperor every three years is called "big appointment"; and every five years to meet the emperor in person is called "chao".

4. One of the ancient rituals of Hajj. It is the etiquette system for the princes of the Zhou Dynasty to meet the emperor. When the princes meet the emperor, "when they meet in spring, they are called court, and when they meet in autumn, they are called court." This is a regular court meeting. Meeting the emperor in spring and autumn is collectively called Hajj.

5. Yiyi refers to the ancient etiquette of meeting a host and a guest. The ritual of bowing is divided into three types according to the superiority and inferiority, which are called the three bows: one is the soil bow, which is specially used for people of different surnames who are not married, and the hands are slightly downward when saluting; the second is the time bow, which is specially used for people of different surnames who are married and are saluted. When saluting, the hands are pushed flat and pointed forward; the third one is Tian Yi, which is specially used for guests with the same surname. When saluting, the hands are pushed slightly upward. With one finger of surrender, you give way to someone more worthy than yourself.

6. Changyi: This is an ancient greeting ceremony that does not distinguish between superior and inferior. The hands are held high, from top to bottom.

7. Gong is an ancient meeting ceremony, where the hands are joined in front of the chest to show respect. There is such a record in "The Analects of Confucius: Wei Zi": "The road of Zi stands arched."

8. A kind of bow in ancient times, one of the "Nine Bows", commonly known as kowtow. When saluting, stand up as soon as your head touches the ground. Because the head touches the ground for a short time, it is called the head pause. It is usually used as a salute between subordinates and superiors as well as between peers, such as greetings and farewells among officials, congratulations, visits, and farewells among the people. It is also often used at the beginning or end of letters, such as Qiu Chi's "Book with Chen Bo": "Chi paused. General Chen is safe. Fortunately... Qiu Chi paused."

9. Jishou's ancient worship Ceremony is one of the "Nine Bows". When saluting, the person giving the salute kneels down, presses his left hand on his right hand, puts his hands on the ground, and slowly lowers his head to the ground. The head must stay for a while when it reaches the ground, with the hands in front of the knees and the head behind the hands. This is the most solemn of the nine prayers and is often used by ministers to pay respects to the king. Later, sons worshiped their father, worshiped heaven and God, newlyweds worshiped heaven and earth, parents, ancestors, temples, teachers, tombs, etc., all used this ceremony.

10. Nine Bows is a unique kneeling ceremony in ancient my country to show high respect to the other party. "The Rites of Zhou" calls "Nine Bows": "The first is Jishou, the second is Pause, the third is empty bow, the fourth is vibration, the fifth is auspicious worship, the sixth is unlucky, the seventh is odd worship, the eighth is praise, and the ninth is solemnity. "Bai." This is a prescribed etiquette used by social members of different ranks and status on different occasions.

11. Kneel down with your knees on the ground, straighten your body, and keep your buttocks from touching your heels to show solemnity. For example, "The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru": "So Xiangru went forward and knelt down to invite the King of Qin."

12. Sit on the ground in ancient times, with your knees on the ground and your buttocks close to your heels. In order to show respect for others, the sitting method is very particular: "After you have finished your empty sitting, sit before you have eaten." "After" means to sit as far back as possible to show humility; "As far as possible" means to move the body forward as much as possible Move the food to avoid contaminating the seats and being disrespectful to others.

13. Seating In ancient times, there were strict distinctions between seniority and inferiority in officialdom. A high official means being in a superior position, and a low official means being humble and in a lower position. The ancients respected the right and respected the right. "Moving to the left" means demoting an official. "The Biography of Lian Po and Lin Xiangru": "Because of Xiangru's great achievements, he was worshiped as the Supreme Minister, and he was located on the right of Lian Po." Ancient buildings usually have a hall structure, with a front hall and a back room. Etiquette activities held in the hall are directed towards the south. When the emperor gathers with his ministers, he must sit facing north and south.

14. The number of seats in ancient banquets was very particular about honor and inferiority.

Generally, the Eight Immortals table is used for banquets, and the table faces the gate. The order is as follows: the venerable person is in the front, and the 8th is the host's seat. If there are many guests, two tables, three tables or more can be set up. There is a distinction between table seating and individual seats: the seats at the top table are the same as those for single seats, while there is no distinction between seats for individual seats.

15. Crowning Ceremony: In ancient times, men were crowned when they reached adulthood (twenty years old). The crowning ceremony is carried out in the ancestral temple, presided over by the father, and the designated distinguished guest crowns the young man who performs the crowning ceremony three times, successively adding a cloth crown, a leather crown, and a noble crown, which respectively represent those who govern people, contribute to the country, and participate in sacrifices. that power. After being crowned, the honored guest will read a congratulatory speech to the crowned person and give him a beautiful "word" that is commensurate with the virtues of a handsome man, making him a respected member of the aristocracy. Because men were crowned at the age of twenty, later generations called the age of twenty "weak crown".

16. Wedding crown ceremony is one of the ancient gifts. "The Rites of Zhou": "A man and a woman are married with the ceremony of a wedding crown." In ancient times, aristocratic men could get married at the age of twenty after the ceremony of crowning and enjoy adult treatment, and women at the age of fifteen had the ceremony of hairpin (hairpin: a hairpin used to tie their hair). . In ancient times, women could get married after they tied up their hair and put on hairpins when they were fifteen years old. Therefore, the wedding ceremony and the crowning ceremony are collectively called the wedding crowning ceremony.

17. In ancient times, ancestors worshiped road gods and held banquets to see off travelers. "Hanshu" records that before the Western Han Dynasty general Li Guang led his troops to attack the Xiongnu, "the prime minister was sent to Weiqiao for the sake of his ancestors." "Jing Ke Assassins the King of Qin": "When you reach the Yi River, you have your ancestors and take the road." The "ancestor" in the article means the "ancestral road". Before leaving, worship the road god, which is extended to say goodbye.

18. Fasting In ancient times, during sacrifices or important events, one had to bathe, change clothes, live alone, and abstain from sexual desires beforehand to show sincerity and respect. These activities are called "fasting." "Zhai" is also called "Zhi Zhai". Zhi Zhai stays in an inner room for three days and is required to "think about the five things" (thinking about one's place of residence, laughter, aspirations, pleasures, and addictions). This is mainly to concentrate one's thoughts. ,unified. "

19. In ancient times, the left was the most respected seat in Xuzuo. The seat on the left was left empty for guests to call "Xuzuo". "Xinling Jun stole the talisman to save Zhao": "The young master then prepared a banquet for the guests. . Sitting down, the young master rode from the chariot, left empty, and greeted the Hou Sheng of Yimen. "This shows the respect that Lord Xinling has for Hou Sheng. Today, people have a saying of "waiting in vain".

20. Bowing twice in succession shows the solemn etiquette. "Bowing again" was also commonly used at the end of old letters. ", to show respect.

21. Worship in ancient times. When saluting, place both hands on your forehead and kneel down for a long time to kowtow. Originally, it specifically refers to a kind of salute when worshiping gods and Buddhas. Later, it was extended to It refers to a way of saluting that expresses extreme respect or reverence. Today, people often use "to worship someone" to express their admiration.

22. Bowing down means bowing, which means humiliation. "Book of Jin·Biography of Tao Qian" records: Tao Yuanming was once the magistrate of Pengze County. The prefecture and county sent a postal supervisor to the county. The county officials persuaded Tao to welcome him. He sighed and said: "I can't bend my waist for five buckets of rice. I can't do anything to the countryside." Evil villain!" Li Bai's "Sleepwalking Tianmu Yin Liu Farewell": "An Neng is able to crush my eyebrows and bend my waist to serve the powerful, making me unhappy?" Later it was extended to admiration and worship, such as Mao Zedong's "Qinyuanchun·Snow": "The country is like this. She is so charming that she attracts countless heroes to bow to her. ”

23. Six rituals are the six formalities and etiquette of ancient Chinese marriages, namely accepting, asking for names, accepting gifts, accepting invitations, asking for dates, and welcoming in person.

24. During the Spring and Autumn Period of the Qin and Jin Dynasties, the kings of the Qin and Jin Dynasties intermarried with each other for several generations, and the marriage between the two surnames was later called the "Qin and Jin Dynasty".

25. Raising a case to raise eyebrows In ancient times, wives had to raise a case to serve their husbands. The eyebrows show mutual respect.

26. The etiquette and customs of ancient literati communicating and making friends. When making friends, literati put more emphasis on friendship and knowledge, so they often exchanged poems to express their talents. , to show the state of mind. Singing is a common way, that is, reciprocating with poems. During banquets and other gatherings, it is not allowed to have wine without poetry. It is a popular custom to write poems.

27. The ancients had many taboo names for "death", the main ones are:

(1) The death names of the emperor, the queen mother, the princes and princes: death, collapse, hundred years old, Qianqiu, Yanjia, mountain collapse, etc.

(2) The death names of parents: seeing their backs, being alone, being abandoned, etc.

(3) The death names of Buddhists and Taoists: Nirvana, passing away, sitting down, etc. Emergence, immortality, immortality, etc.

"Death" is now also used to refer to the death of a respected figure.

(4) Death names for ordinary people: death, long sleep, long death, passing away, death, end of life, death, death, death, death, old age, death, death, etc.