Lin Xiangru: Taking the overall situation into consideration, a three-inch golden tongue is better than a million heroes, with both wisdom and courage, and a broad mind. Lian Po: He is a brave and invincible general who thinks of national interests ~

The story "General Datong" comes from Sima Qian's Historical Records? Biography of Lian Po Lin Xiangru. It is composed of three short stories: Return to Zhao in a Perfect Way, Mianchi Meeting, and Apologize with a humble apology.

The connection of three stories: Mianchi will be the development of a successful return to Zhao; Mianchi Club and Mianchi Club are the reasons for offering a humble apology; Mianchi Club, Mianchi Club and Mianchi Club offer a humble apology together.

During the Warring States Period, Lin Xiangru, the Scheerer of the State of Zhao, was ordered to go to the State of Qin and returned to the State of Zhao intact, so he was appointed as a doctor. He also accompanied the prince of Zhao to the Mianchi meeting set by the king of Qin, so that the prince of Zhao would not be insulted. In recognition of Lin Xiangru's contribution, the Prince of Zhao named Lin Xiangru Shangqing. Lian Po, a veteran, is proud of taking credit. He refuses to accept this, but he deliberately provokes again and again. Lin Xiangru has always been patient, focusing on national affairs. Lian Po finally woke up and offered a humble apology to Lin Xiangru. Make peace, * * * auxiliary country, national security.

The story of "harmony but difference" preaches: all rivers run into the sea, and tolerance is great; Make peace with each other and level the world.

This story has also been compiled into a Beijing opera and a film and television drama of the same name, which has been widely circulated.

A period in the history of China (475 BC-2265438 BC+0 BC) the Eastern Zhou Dynasty and the Warring States Period. At that time, there were seven powerful countries, namely, Qin, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Yan, Wei and Han, which were called "Seven Heroes of the Warring States". Seven chivalrous men coexist, and wars are frequent. Qin is the strongest one. Qin is located in the west of Hangu Pass, and the other six countries are in the east of Hangu Pass. To the east of Zhao State is the rich and powerful Qi State, and to the west is the powerful Qin State. Zhao is sandwiched between two big countries. The story of "returning to Zhao in one piece" happened when the State of Qin made an all-out attack on Chu. It is impossible for Qin to concentrate more troops against Zhao, mainly by threatening to take advantage of Zhao.

The official positions of doctor and Qing are divided into three levels: upper, middle and lower, with the upper doctor being the highest-ranking doctor. Shang Qing is the highest official post below the vassal. In the sixteenth year of King Zhao of Huiwen (283 BC), Lian Po was promoted to Shangqing for his meritorious service in cutting Qi. Lin Xiangru is also Shangqing, but because he is a civilian, he was on the right of Lian Po when he was in court. Before the Qin and Han Dynasties, power was respected, so the article said that Lin Xiangru's position was higher than that of Lian Po.

He Shibi is the name of a piece of Baoyu and has an extraordinary history. According to legend, in the Spring and Autumn Period, a man named Bian He found a piece of jade (that is, unprocessed jade) in Chushan and presented it to Li, the king of Chu. Li Guowang asked experts to identify jade, and the result was stone. King Li was furious and thought that Bian He was deceiving himself, so he cut off Bian He's left foot on charges of deceiving the monarch. Soon, Li Wang died and acceded to the throne. Bian He presented this jade to him. King Wu also invited experts to identify jade, which turned out to be stone. King Wu cut off Bian He's right foot for cheating the king. After the death of King Wu, King Wen ascended the throne. Bian He held Yupu to Chushan's feet and cried for three days and nights. Tears dried up, and finally I cried blood. When King Wen heard this, he sent someone to ask him, saying, "Many people in the world don't cry like this because their feet have been cut off. Why are you crying like this? " Bian He replied, "I didn't cry because my foot was cut off. I am sad that someone actually called Baoyu a stone and accused a loyal minister of cheating. " King Wen sent someone to process this jade pu, which proved to be a rare treasure. So I named this treasure jade "He Shibi". Because of its rarity and extraordinary origin, this piece of Baoyu has become a world-recognized treasure, and its value is priceless. This is also the reason why the king of Qin did not hesitate to use the fifteen cities as bait to defraud the "harmony".

Lian Po was a famous soldier of Zhao at the end of the Warring States Period. When Zhao Huiwen proclaimed himself king, he was named Shangqing. He defeated Qi, Wei and other countries many times and made great contributions to Zhao. The battle of Changping was impregnable and blocked for three years. Later, Zhao Haoqi and Cheng Xiao fell into the trap of Qin and replaced Lian Po with Zhao Kuo, which was a fiasco. Yan took the opportunity to attack Zhao. Zhao Haoqi and Cheng Xiao revived Lian Po and defeated the Yan Army. The Prince of Zhao named Lian Po as Xinping Army and Ren Xiangguo. Zhao mourned the king, but Lian Po was frustrated and defected to Wei. Wei didn't trust him, so he never used it again. He went to Chu State again and became a general of Chu State. Finally, he died of old age in Chu.

Lin Xiangru was a minister of Zhao in the Warring States Period. When Zhao Huiwen became king, he got a rare treasure jade from Chu, which Qin Guoqiang exchanged with 15 city. Lin Xiangru was ordered to take the jade to court with the king of Qin and return it to Zhao intact. Zhao Wang made Xiangru a doctor. In 279 BC, he followed Zhao Huiwen to Mianchi (now Mianchi West, Henan Province) to meet the king of Qin, so that the king of Zhao would not be humiliated in Qin. After returning home, he was named Shangqing for his work, ranking above Lian Po, and Lian Po was indignant. Lin Xiangru puts national security first and tolerates Lian Po. Lian Po endured an epiphany, offered a humble apology, and the two became close friends. Turn the story of Xianghe into a beautiful talk.

{Teaching plan}

First, the description of teaching materials

This lesson is adapted from Sima Qian's Biography of Historical Records, Lian Po and Lin Xiangru. With the contradiction between Qin and Zhao as the background and Lin Xiangru's activities as the clue, it describes three short stories, namely, Return to Zhao in a Perfect Way, Mianchi Meeting, and offer a humble apology, and describes the process from harmony to discord to reconciliation between the two groups. He praised Lin Xiangru's brave and resourceful fighting spirit, his political vision of putting national interests first, taking the overall situation into consideration, and also praised Lian Po's brave spirit of reform and their patriotic thoughts.

Lin Xiangru and Lian Po are the highlights of this article. Two stories, "Return to Zhao in Perfect Condition" and "Mianchi Meeting", focus on depicting the character Lin Xiangru. The story of "offering a humble apology" pays great attention to praising Lian Po's spirit of correcting his mistakes.

Lin Xiangru rose again and again, ranking above Lian Po. This is the apparent reason for the disharmony between the two countries, which is essentially due to Lian Po's misunderstanding: "I am invincible in Lian Po and have made many great achievements. What can he do with Lin Xiangru? He climbed on my head as soon as he opened his mouth. " Rude and full of dissatisfaction. Understanding this passage of Lian Po is a key and difficult point. It is true that Lian Po is a warrior and a great hero in one's hand and in one's hand. Even at the Mianchi Conference, he contributed half of the national dignity, because "the king of Qin didn't take advantage". Knowing that Lian Po was ready at the border, he dared not do anything to the prince of Zhao, so he had to let him go back. ”。 However, the understanding of Lin Xiangru is biased. Although Lin Xiangru could not fight with a sword, his angry words also saved Zhao's dignity. What's more, at the "Return the Bi to Zhao" and "Mianchi Meeting", he ignored his own life and forced the King of Qin with his life: "Now I have the Bi, if you force me again, my head and the Bi will hit this post together!" "You are only five steps away from me now. If you don't agree, I will fight you! " It can be said that Lin Xiangru is also a valiant soldier, but he doesn't need a sword to go in and out of the battlefield, but the battle is also thrilling.

On the surface, the reason for making peace is Lin Xiangru's broad mind and Lian Po's courage to admit his mistakes, correct them when he knows them, and offer a humble apology. In fact, it is because of their patriotism and common understanding: Zhao will be in danger when the two armies are fighting! This is reflected in their language. It is precisely because of this that the story of "reconciliation" has become a glorious story in history.

Second, learning objectives

1. Learn ten new words and be able to read and write the following words correctly: call, minister, promise, Lian Po, resist, insult, refuse, shirt, return Zhao in full, offer a humble apology.

2. Read the text correctly, fluently and emotionally.

3. Understand the content of the text, and realize the patriotic thoughts of the characters and their excellent qualities.

4. Understand the internal relations of the three short stories.

Third, teaching suggestions

1. He consists of three short stories, namely, Return to Zhao with a Perfect Piece, Mianchi Meeting and Apologize with a humble apology. Every story has the occurrence, development and result of contradictions, which are relatively independent but closely related. The second story is the development of the first story. The result of the first two stories is the reason for the third story, which together constitute a more complete and tortuous "reconciliation" story. There are two ways to teach this lesson. One is to guide students to read the full text first, to understand the ins and outs of the story of "reconciliation" as a whole, and to understand the internal relationship between the three short stories; Then read all the short stories intensively and deeply study the related issues involved in each short story; Finally, guide students to contact the main characters of the full-text evaluation story. The other is to read through the text first and get a general understanding of the content of the text; Then, guide the students to learn each short story; Finally, based on the understanding gained from each story, the internal relationship between the three short stories is clarified and the characters are evaluated.

2. Instructing students to add subtitles to three short stories is a training of generalization ability. Students can summarize what has appeared in the article, such as "returning the whole thing to Zhao", "Mianchi Meeting" and "offering a humble apology". As long as other generalization methods are basically in line with the content of the story, the key is to let students tell the reasons for generalization. As for the connection between the three short stories, as long as students can tell the causal relationship, there is no need to ask too many questions. Teachers should guide students to make it clear that the result of "returning to Zhao intact" is that Lin Xiangru was made a doctor, which is the premise of his promotion to Shangqing after Mianchi meeting, while Lin Xiangru's promotion to Shangqing is the direct cause of the contradiction between the two groups, and the contradiction between the two groups can only be solved by "offering a humble apology". This is the connection between these three stories.

3. This lesson is not only fascinating with vivid characters and winding and moving stories, but also enlightens and educates people with the noble quality of the protagonist Lin Xiangru; Veteran Lian Po took off his shirt with thorns on his back, and the spirit of confessing at home was admirable. The teaching of this course should guide students to be emotional in reading and produce positive emotional experience. "thinking? The first question of "exercise" lets students tell which character they like in the text, which is precisely the purpose. Students should be encouraged to express their views and make them clear and specific. Most students may say that they like Lin Xiangru, some students may say that they like Lian Po, and some students may say that they like Wang Zhao because he is good at employing people and rewards them according to their merits. As long as it makes sense, it should be affirmed. If a student says he likes the King of Qin, he should also be allowed to state his reasons, but he should be persuaded not to deny the basic concept of right and wrong in order to reflect his personal reading.

4. When guiding students to read the text intensively, they can combine "thinking? Exercise "the third question, let students ask questions that they are interested in or don't understand, and organize exchanges and discussions. Teachers should be good at guiding students to sort out the questions raised by students and sort out the key and difficult problems around the text for students to discuss; For those questions that have little to do with the text, students can be inspired to study after class.

The discussion of the questions listed in the thinking questions should make students realize that the reason why the king of Qin asked someone to record the story of Zhao playing the piano for him is to show that the king of Qin can command Zhao, and they are unequal, which is a great shame for Zhao. Lin Xiangru forced the king of Qin to stop fighting to show the equality between the two countries, thus safeguarding the dignity of Zhao; The king of Qin knew that "Lian Po was ready" and Lin Xiangru was desperate to protect the prince of Zhao, so he "dared not do anything to the prince of Zhao".

5. The text is long, so that students can choose a favorite story to practice reading aloud with emotion on the basis of being familiar with the full text.

6. The three stories are vivid and suitable for textbook dramas. Students can be encouraged to rehearse and perform in and out of class. You can act out the whole text or one of the stories.

7. There are many new words in this class, so it is necessary to inspire students to contact the context or consult dictionaries and solve them by themselves. For some unfamiliar words, teachers can give some guidance.

The following text is explained for teachers' reference.

Priceless treasure: describe items that are so precious that you can't buy them with any money.

Back to Zhao intact: Bi is an ancient jade, oblate, with a hole in the middle. The jade in this lesson refers to a piece of jade found by Bian He, a Chu people. "One piece belongs to Zhao" means returning He Shibi to Zhao intact. This idiom is often used to describe the return of things to their owners.

Wrong: wrong.

Say nothing: avoid saying anything.

Breaking your promise: You failed to make a promise to others and lost your credit.

Mianchi: Place name, Mianchi County, Henan Province.

Weakness: it means that you are weaker than the other party and dare not compete.

Thumb: An ancient plucked instrument. Drumming is playing the harp.

Yi: An ancient percussion instrument.

Invincible: attack the city and plunder the land, and you can't take it down.

Offer a humble apology: negative, bear. Jing, Jing tiao, something used to hit people. This lesson refers to that Lian Po went to Lin Xiangru's house to confess, went into battle shirtless and carried Vitex negundo. This idiom is now used to express an apology to others.

Fourth, reference materials.

A period in the history of China (475 BC-22 BC1). It was relatively strong at that time.

There are seven countries, namely Qin, Chu, Qi, Zhao, Yan, Wei and Han, collectively known as the "Seven Heroes of the Warring States", and Qin is the strongest one. Qin is located in the west of Hangu Pass, and the other six countries are in the east of Hangu Pass. To the east of Zhao State is the rich and powerful Qi State, and to the west is the powerful Qin State. Zhao is located between two big countries, and its military and diplomatic measures are of great significance to the rise and fall of the country. The story of "returning to Zhao in one piece" happened when the State of Qin made an all-out attack on Chu. It is impossible for Qin to concentrate more troops against Zhao, mainly by threatening to take advantage of Zhao.

The doctor is an official position, divided into upper, middle and lower levels. Doctor Shang is the highest-ranking doctor.

Qing is an official position, divided into Shangqing, Zhongqing and Xia Qing. Shang Qing is the highest official post below the vassal. In the sixteenth year of King Zhao of Huiwen (283 BC), Lian Po was promoted to Shangqing for his meritorious service in cutting Qi. Lin Xiangru is also Shangqing, but because he is a civilian, he was on the right of Lian Po when he was in court. Before the Qin and Han Dynasties, power was respected, so the article said that Lin Xiangru's position was higher than that of Lian Po.