Li Bai (70 1 ~ 762)
China was a poet in Tang Dynasty. The word is too white, and the number is violet. Mian Governor Long (now Jiangyou, Sichuan) was born.
Lipper
Li Bai read widely in his youth. In addition to Confucian classics and ancient literary and historical masterpieces, he also browsed hundreds of books and became a "good swordsman". Believing in Taoism, having the idea of transcending the secular; At the same time, he has the political ambition to make contributions. The poems he wrote in Shu as a teenager are rarely preserved, but they show outstanding talent. Li Bai traveled in eastern Sichuan when he was about twenty-five or six years old. In the following 10 years, he roamed many places in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Yellow River. In the 18th year of Kaiyuan (730), he once arrived in Chang 'an to strive for a political way out, but failed. In the first year of Tianbao (742), he was called by Xuanzong to worship Hanlin in Chang 'an as a minister of civil affairs and participated in drafting documents. Less than two years later, he was forced to resign and leave Beijing. During this period, Li Bai's poetry and song creation tends to be mature. 1 1 years later, continue to wander in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River and the Yangtze River. "Wandering around the world, it is suitable for poetry and wine." He still cares about state affairs and hopes to be re-appointed by the court. In the third year of Tianbao, Li Bai met Du Fu in Luoyang and became good friends. They didn't meet again after breaking up the next year. In the fourteenth year of Tianbao, the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and Li Bai lived in seclusion in Xuancheng (now Anhui) and Lushan Mountain. In the following year1February, he was invited to Lilin, the shogunate of Wang Yong, hoping to eliminate the rebellion and restore national unity. After Wang Yong angered Su Zong and was killed, Li Bai was also found guilty, imprisoned in Xunyang (now Jiujiang, Jiangxi) and soon exiled to Yelang (now Tongzi, Guizhou). On the way, I was forgiven and came back. I was 59 years old. Living in Jiangnan area in his later years. At the age of 6 1, I heard that Qiu Li Guangbi led an army out of the city to attack the Anshi rebels and went north to join the army to kill the enemy. He turned back halfway due to illness. The following year, he died in the apartment of his uncle Dangtu (now Anhui) county magistrate Li.
Literary creation Li Bai's poems have been lost a lot, and there are still more than 900 poems with rich and colorful contents.
Li Bai cared about national affairs all his life, hoping to make contributions to the country, but he was not satisfied with the dark reality. His 59 antiques are representative works in this field. The dark corruption in Tang Xuanzong's later politics was widely exposed and criticized, which reflected the grief and indignation of talents who had nowhere to go. A lot of words are ironic, and the spirit is very high. Li Bai is eager to make contributions and serve the country, but he does not envy wealth. What do you think of are bells and drums, treasures and treasures? . After making contributions, he will follow the example of Lu Zhonglian, a senior scholar in the Warring States period, and quit without respect. His thoughts were obviously influenced by Taoism, especially Zhuangzi. Many of Li Bai's poems show concern and sympathy for people's lives. This content is often combined with criticism of rulers. Some of his Yuefu poems reflect women's lives and sufferings, which focus on thinking about women and remembering people, as well as the grievances of businessmen, abandoned wives and maids. His "Lodging in Wusongshan Mountain, Uncle Xun", "Song of Protection" and "Song of Autumn Pu" describe the lives of farmers, boatmen and miners respectively, showing concern for the working people. Li Bai wrote many poems describing natural scenery in his life. His poems "It's difficult to ascend to heaven through the Shu Road", "The water of the Yellow River can't be moved out of the sky and into the ocean, and it will never return" ("Into the wine"), "Flying down three thousands of feet, it is suspected that the Milky Way has fallen for nine days" ("Looking at Lushan Waterfall") and so on are all famous sentences that have been passed down through the ages. This kind of poetry, just like some of his works praising Dapeng birds, shows his lofty aspirations and broad mind, and reflects his desire to pursue extraordinary things from the side. Other poems, such as Qiu Deng's North Building of Xuancheng Qi Xie, Sitting Alone in Jingting Mountain and Journey to Qingxi, are good at depicting beautiful scenery, fresh and meaningful, and their styles are close to those of Wang Wei and Meng Haoran. Li Bai also has many poems about love and friendship. His Yuefu poems often express euphemistic and profound love from the perspective of female inheritors. There are also some poems about giving gifts and missing your wife, and their feelings are quite deep. Li Bai donated a large number of works to his friends, including many excellent works. Some of these poems show a distinct political attitude, and more often they show their daily farewell and lovesickness, such as the Yellow Crane Tower's farewell to Meng Haoran and Du Fu at Dunmenmen, hearing that Wang Changling moved to Longbiao Kiln for this purpose, reminiscing about the past, visiting the army, and giving Wang Lun a present. Deep feelings, vivid images and strong artistic appeal. The content of Li Bai's poems also contains some feudal dross, among which more is the negative nihilism of promoting life as a dream, eating and drinking, and the religious superstition of seeking immortals to visit the Tao and alchemy. Some of his poems about women and love are vulgar. In Li Bai's poems, exaggerated and vivid metaphors are widely used. His poems "But since the water is still flowing, although it is a knife cut, raise a glass to ease the sorrow" (Uncle Yun, a farewell school book at Xiezilou in Xuanzhou) and "Three thousands of feet with white hair, Sorrow is like a beard" (Song of Autumn Pu, Part XV) depict his deep anxiety after the failure of political activities in Chang 'an, which are widely circulated famous sentences. His poem "Poetry from the North Window is not as good as a glass of water" ("Answering the Twelve Cold Nights of the King") wrote his own talent; "I would like to cross the Yellow River, but the ice will choke on the ferry, and Taihang Mountain will be covered with snow" ("Difficult to Travel"), which is difficult to write a career; "Peach Blossom Pond is deeper than thousands of feet, not as good as Wang Lun" ("To Wang Lun"), and writing about the deep friendship between friends all impress readers with distinctive and prominent images. The imagination of Li Bai's poems is very rich and amazing. His works "The Wind Blows My Heart to Hang the Western Fairy Tree" (Golden Elephant Send Wei Ba) and "I miss the bright moon, and the wind blows the night" (I heard that Wang Changling moved to Longbiaoyao to leave) all show his nostalgia for Chang 'an and his poetry friends with strange imagination. Fu Liangyin, Antique and Lotus Mountain in the West respectively express the destruction of Chang 'an City and the ravages of Anshi Rebellion on the Central Plains through fantasy. Farewell shows the hidden worries about the political situation in the later period of Tang Xuanzong through confusing legends. They are vivid and meaningful. With the help of myths and legends, Shu Dao Nan and Meng Deng Tian Mu Shan have built a colorful and thrilling realm.
The Pen and Ink of Li Bai's Coming to Power
The rich imagination of Li Bai's poems is particularly prominent in the long seven-character poems, which are obviously influenced by Qu Yuan. In terms of genre, Li Bai is good at classical poems and quatrains with relatively free form, and doesn't like to write metrical poems. 59 pieces of Antique are his representative works of five dynasties. The five ancient poems in his Yuefu have inherited the fine tradition of Yuefu folk songs in the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties, and their writing style is simple and vivid, full of the poet's enthusiasm. His seven-character ancient poems (including Yuefu seven-character songs and general seven-character poems) are more creative. The scenery is magnificent, colorful, lyrical and changeable. From the literary origin, this kind of poetry is most influenced by Qu Yuan's works, and it is difficult for Bao Zhao to imitate it. Li Bai is good at quatrains. His quatrains were improved on the basis of Yuefu folk songs in the Southern and Northern Dynasties, which made him more alert. "Thinking on a Quiet Night" and "Yu Jiefen" and other five wonders are implicit and meaningful. There are also excellent works, clear and concise language, harmonious and beautiful timbre, lyrical scenery and simple explanations. For example, See you Meng Haoran on the way to Yangzhou from the Yellow Crane Tower, Looking at Lushan Waterfall, Looking at Tianmen Mountain, Making a White Emperor City as early as possible, and Presenting Wang Lun. Are well-known masterpieces. The evaluation of the seven-character quatrains in the Tang Dynasty has always been that Li Bai and Wang Changling are best at blending scenes; Li Bai concentrated on the study of the Seven Laws, with only a dozen books and few excellent works. There are more than 70 poems about five laws, some of which are well written, which shows that he can write metrical poems, but he doesn't like to write more. Although Li Bai's Yuefu poems use the old Yuefu theme, they can be innovative. Those who wrote poems with the theme of old Yuefu in the Tang Dynasty made the most outstanding achievements. Some of his poems and quatrains are full of Yuefu poems, although they don't use Yuefu themes. The greatest feature of his poetic language can be said to be "clear water produces hibiscus, which is naturally carved". Specifically, the language is straightforward and natural, the syllables are harmonious and smooth, natural and unpretentious, and it exudes the flavor of folk songs. This is mainly due to the study of Yuefu folk songs in Han, Wei and Six Dynasties. But he didn't just learn and imitate the language of folk songs, but improved it on the basis of learning to make it more concise, beautiful and meaningful. His seven-character ancient poems are not only pure and natural, but also bold and unconstrained in language. Du Fu's poem "Memories of Li Bai in Spring" praised Li Bai's poems as "fresh" and "elegant", which revealed the remarkable characteristics of his language style. Li Bai's poems have a far-reaching influence on later generations. Han Yu and Li He in the Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu, Su Shi and Lu You in the Song Dynasty, Gao Qi in the Ming Dynasty, Qu Dajun, Huang Jingren and Gong Zizhen in the Qing Dynasty all benefited from and were influenced by Li Bai's poems to varying degrees.
Li Bai also wrote several poems. There are 12 poems in Zunqian Collection and 7 poems in Hua 'an Miao Ci Selection. Among them, "Qingpingdiao" has three songs "Clouds Want Clothes, Flowers Want Capacity", and the genre is actually a quatrain of seven words, which was sung with music at that time. Other long and short sentences handed down by Li Bai are not very credible. There are more than 60 essays by Li Bai today. Many antithetical sentences did not get rid of the popular parallel prose fashion at that time. But the language is natural and fluent, which is similar to its poetic style. Among them, Hanshu Jingzhou and Preface to Peach Blossom Garden (Li) were selected by later generations and widely read.
Neither this episode nor the proofreading version of Li Baiji compiled by the Tang Dynasty has been handed down. Thirty volumes of Li Taibai's Collected Works in the Northern Song Dynasty were engraved in Suzhou and called Su Ben. Later, there was a Shu edition copied according to Su Ben, which was the earliest extant Li Baiji. During the reign of Kangxi, Miao Yue copied it and called it Miao Edition. The earliest annotation for Li Baiji was Yang Qixian's Li Hanlin Collection in the Southern Song Dynasty, with 25 volumes and rich annotations. Qu Tuiyuan and Zhu Jincheng's Li Bai Ji Zhu is the most detailed one in Li Bai Ji Zhu. Research on Li Bai's works: After the May 4th Movement, before the founding of the People's Republic of China, there was Li Bai, a Taoist poet, and there was a study of Li Bai. After the founding of the people's Republic of China, there was Zhan? He is the author of Li Bai's Poems and Essays, and Wang Yunxi is waiting for Li Bai's research. In addition, there are many individual papers, some of which were selected as representative papers by Zhonghua Book Company, and compiled into Collected Papers on Li Bai's Studies, which were published in the 1960s.
Li Bai's Life and Character
Li Bai (70 1-762) was born in Ji Cheng, Longxi (now Qin 'an, Gansu) and in Poyecheng, the western region of Central Asia (now Kyrgyzstan). At the age of five, my family moved to Mian Governor Long (now Jiangyou, Sichuan). His father, Li Ke (or his real name is unknown, "Ke" is a general term for outsiders), is rich and does not seek a career, so people suspect that he may be a giant businessman. Li Bai spent his boyhood in Shu, and he read extensively since he was a child. The so-called "recite at the age of five, read a hundred schools at the age of ten" ("Pei Yun History of Shang 'an Prefecture"), "read strange books at the age of fifteen and write Ling Xiangru (give a piece). When I was young, I was at war with Ren Xia, and I told Han's Jingzhou Book:
"Fifteen good swordsmanship, gentlemen." Hao Wei said that he "has bright eyes and is as hungry as a tiger ... Ren Xia is less, and there are several people holding knives" (Preface to Li Hanlin). Cui Zongzhi also described his demeanor with sentences such as "dagger sword on the sleeve" and "eyes shine on people" in the poem "Give Li Twelve White". After a long time, he reminisced with his friends, and he also recalled with great interest the past when he broke through the encirclement of the Five Mausoleums (see "Reminiscing about the past and giving it to Jiang Yang Slaughterhouse").
He also yearned for the life asked by the immortals a long time ago: "Fifteen trips to the immortals have never stopped." Li Bai lived in seclusion in Daitian Kuangshan at the age of eighteen or nineteen, and studied under Zhao Yan. Zhao Kun is a scholar who "sees the world in the way of Wang Ba" (Sun Guangxian's "North Dream"). His ten volumes of Long and Short Classics are the knowledge of doing things for the country and saving the world. When Li Bai met Su Xiang at the age of twenty, he won the admiration of this "great court player" and a great writer. In the autumn of the 12th year of Kaiyuan (724), Li Bai "served the country with one sword and left his relatives to travel far away" (A Long History of Shang Anpei). He went down from Mount Emei along Pingqiang River to Jingmen and Dongting, then to Jinling, Guangling and Huiji, and soon returned to Chuanxi to live in Yuncheng (now Anlu, Hubei). At that time, Sima Chengzhen, a famous Taoist, met him in Jiangling, boasting that he was "sage-like, able to roam freely in the face of octupole" (Preface to Li Bai and Fu Dapeng). In the fifteenth year of Kaiyuan, I married my granddaughter. Three years later, in the 18th year of Kaiyuan (730), Li Bai left Nanyang for Chang 'an, when he was just thirty years old.
Li Baichu has been in Chang 'an for about three years. He lives in seclusion in Zhong Nanshan, making friends, hoping to get the recommendation of the princes. At that time, Princess Yu Zhen, the sister of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, was in Zhong Nanshan, and literati (including famous poets Wang Wei and Chu Guangxi) frequented her. Li Bai met the princess, but failed to do so, and finally went away disgruntled. In the summer of the 20th year of Kaiyuan (732), Li Bai wandered in Jiangxia, Luoyang, Taiyuan and other places east of the Yellow River. Twenty-four years later, the whole family moved to the east, "learning the sword and coming to Shandong" ("Going East in May to Answer Wen Shangweng"). When he lived in Rencheng, he and Kong and others would drink in Culai Mountain, which was called "Six Chapters of Zhuxi". Later, he roamed Henan, Huainan, Hunan and Hubei, climbed Mount Tai in the north and reached Hangzhou and Huiji in the south. Wherever he went, all kinds of poems were sung, and the names of poems and songs spread far and wide, shaking the ruling and opposition parties. Finally, even the emperor was shocked.
In the autumn of the first year of Tianbao, due to the recommendation of Princess Yu Zhen, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty sent a letter to Li Bai to enter Beijing and received a grand courtesy: "Let's retire and meet him, as if we had seen splendor; Give food to the Qibao bed and let the royal hand scoop the rice. " (Li's preface to the collection of thatched cottage) ordered Li Bai to devote himself to Hanlin. When Li Bai was called to Beijing, he was full of ambition. The poem "Nanling children go to Beijing" says: "Go out and laugh in the sky, my generation is Artemisia!" He wanted to do something to repay Xuanzong's kindness in meeting him, but the proud poet was soon envied by the court dignitaries. A year later, he began to be slandered. "What's the matter with Bai Bi? The blue fly became a grievance ("Book Feelings to Cai Sheren Bear"), and "Although you love Emei, you can't help killing people in the palace" ("Yu Hu Yin"), these poems are all portrayal of his sinister situation at that time. In the spring of Tianbao three years, Li Bai was put back to his hometown. This time, he only served in North Korea for more than a year, but his understanding of society has undergone profound changes.
After Li Bai left Chang 'an, he went east along Shangzhou Avenue and met Du Fu in Luoyang. Later, he traveled to Liang and Song Dynasties with Du Fu and Gao Shi, and lived a leisurely life of chasing eagles and rabbits with paper. The following year, in Yanzhou, Shandong Province, Li Bai met Du Fu again and traveled with him to Surabaya and Dongmeng. With the deterioration of the political situation in Tianbao period, Li Bai was deeply worried and uneasy about the danger of state affairs. In his poems "Twelve Cold Nights Answering the King" and "Farewell", he publicly protested the arrogance and killing dissidents of Li and Yang, and issued a cry for the sinister political situation. He wandered around Liangyuan, Lujun and Jinling, and also visited Ji You and other places. I wrote many excellent poems along the way.
In the 14th year of Tianbao (755), the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and Li Bai fled to the southeast, moving between Xuancheng, Dangtu, Jinling and Liyang. After living in seclusion in Lushan Mountain. At that time, Lin, the son of Xuanzong, led his teacher to advance eastward from Jiangling, "wrote three books" (with Jia Shaogong), and invited Li Bai to participate in its military activities in the name of reviving the great cause. Li Bai resolutely and enthusiastically joined the army. Unexpectedly, another disaster happened between Su Heng and Lin, and Li Lin was defeated and died. Li Bai was also convicted and imprisoned, and was soon taken by Yelang (now Tongzi, Guizhou). At that time, the poet fell into a dangerous situation that "everyone wants to kill" (Du Fu's "No See"), so that Du Fu also mistakenly believed in rumors and wrote poems to express his deep sorrow. Li Bai returned to Jiangxi and was not released until Wushan. At this time, he is nearly 60 years old, but he is still not strong enough. In the second year of Shang Yuan (76 1), he set foot on the journey again, ready to join the counter-insurgency team in Li Guangbi, but turned back due to illness on the way. In the first year of Baoying (762), Li Bai died in Dangtu's uncle Li Jiazhong, ending his legendary life. Li Taibai's collection.
Li Bai's life has been wandering around the world, with ups and downs, which made him widely exposed to all aspects of life. His distinctive personality was formed on the basis of fully absorbing the flavor of the times. Li Bai was generous and conceited since childhood, and did not stick to his usual tone. "He often wants to be a blockbuster and soar to the sky, but he gradually moves to Joe. He can't do it." (Fan's Preface to Li Tombstone of Hanlin Bachelor in Tang You's Collection). He has a strong Ren Xia style: he values martial arts over Confucianism, ignores details, spends money like water, and is arrogant. When I was young, I traveled eastward for less than a year and scattered more than 300 thousand. If there is a down-and-out son, I will help him "(Li Bai's History of Shang 'an Peichang). He likes drinking and is good at riding and shooting. He disdained to follow the usual path of ordinary scholars from the imperial examination to the official position, but hoped to achieve great things in one fell swoop. It's not that he didn't earnestly seek immortality and learn Taoism, and collected herbs to make an alchemy. Dugu also said that when he went out, his luggage was "all fairy medicine and Taoist books" ("Cao Nan sent Li Baixu"). What's more, he took the Taoist seal from the highly respected teachers in Shandong and completed the official ceremony of becoming a monk. He is quite devoted to the counselor who solves disputes and has the demeanor of a strategist. Cui Zongzhi said that he "reached the palm of his hand when he talked about it, and he was absolutely superb when he talked about it." Distinguish between Chu and Han, it seems that the king is overbearing "("Give Li "). The New Tang Book Literary Biography also said that he "likes vertical and horizontal techniques". In short, "Shang Zhi's Daoism means that immortals can achieve it; Don't ask for a small official, be conceited about worldly affairs "(Liu's Bachelor of Hanlin in Tang Dynasty). His ideal in life is to be detached from things and actively join the WTO. The above aspects are the remarkable characteristics of social habits and cultural spirit in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Therefore, Li Bai has naturally become the favorite human relations style of contemporary people. For example, for the sake of white elegance, Ren Hua and Wei Wanxiang traveled thousands of miles; When He Yi, a fanatic of Siming, saw Li Bai, he exclaimed that he was a "fallen fairy" and took off his golden turtle as a gift. Master Wu Qi is willing to go through fire and water, cross the enemy-occupied area of An Shi Rebellion and take back the poet's children at the east foot, and so on. It is through his personality projection that Li Bai's poems and songs embody the spirit of the times, thus becoming the strongest voice in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.
Li Bai's Life and Character
Li Bai (70 1-762) was born in Ji Cheng, Longxi (now Qin 'an, Gansu) and in Poyecheng, the western region of Central Asia (now Kyrgyzstan). At the age of five, my family moved to Mian Governor Long (now Jiangyou, Sichuan). His father, Li Ke (or his real name is unknown, "Ke" is a general term for outsiders), is rich and does not seek a career, so people suspect that he may be a giant businessman. Li Bai spent his boyhood in Shu, and he read extensively since he was a child. The so-called "five-year-old back Liu Jia, ten-year-old read a hundred schools" (History of Peichang in Shang 'an Prefecture), "fifteen-year-old read a wonderful book as a gift to Ling Xiangru" When I was young, I fought with Ren Xia and told Han's Jingzhou Book:
"Fifteen good swordsmanship, gentlemen." Hao Wei said that he "has bright eyes and is as hungry as a tiger ... Ren Xia is less, and there are several people holding knives" (Preface to Li Hanlin). Cui Zongzhi also described his demeanor with sentences such as "dagger sword on the sleeve" and "eyes shine on people" in the poem "Give Li Twelve White". After a long time, he reminisced with his friends, and he also recalled with great interest the past when he broke through the encirclement of the Five Mausoleums (see "Reminiscing about the past and giving it to Jiang Yang Slaughterhouse").
He also yearned for the life asked by the immortals a long time ago: "Fifteen trips to the immortals have never stopped." Li Bai lived in seclusion in Daitian Kuangshan at the age of eighteen or nineteen, and studied under Zhao Yan. Zhao Kun is a scholar who "sees the world in the way of Wang Ba" (Sun Guangxian's "North Dream"). His ten volumes of Long and Short Classics are the knowledge of doing things for the country and saving the world. When Li Bai met Su Xiang at the age of twenty, he won the admiration of this "great court player" and a great writer. In the autumn of the 12th year of Kaiyuan (724), Li Bai "served the country with one sword and left his relatives to travel far away" (A Long History of Shang Anpei). He went down from Mount Emei along Pingqiang River to Jingmen and Dongting, then to Jinling, Guangling and Huiji, and soon returned to Chuanxi to live in Yuncheng (now Anlu, Hubei). At that time, Sima Chengzhen, a famous Taoist, met him in Jiangling, boasting that he was "sage-like, able to roam freely in the face of octupole" (Preface to Li Bai and Fu Dapeng). In the fifteenth year of Kaiyuan, I married my granddaughter. Three years later, in the 18th year of Kaiyuan (730), Li Bai left Nanyang for Chang 'an, when he was just thirty years old.
Li Baichu has been in Chang 'an for about three years. He lives in seclusion in Zhong Nanshan, making friends, hoping to get the recommendation of the princes. At that time, Princess Yu Zhen, the sister of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, was in Zhong Nanshan, and literati (including famous poets Wang Wei and Chu Guangxi) frequented her. Li Bai met the princess, but failed to do so, and finally went away disgruntled. In the summer of the 20th year of Kaiyuan (732), Li Bai wandered in Jiangxia, Luoyang, Taiyuan and other places east of the Yellow River. Twenty-four years later, the whole family moved to the east, "learning the sword and coming to Shandong" ("Going East in May to Answer Wen Shangweng"). When he lived in Rencheng, he and Kong and others would drink in Culai Mountain, which was called "Six Chapters of Zhuxi". Later, he roamed Henan, Huainan, Hunan and Hubei, climbed Mount Tai in the north and reached Hangzhou and Huiji in the south. Wherever he went, all kinds of poems were sung, and the names of poems and songs spread far and wide, shaking the ruling and opposition parties. Finally, even the emperor was shocked.
In the autumn of the first year of Tianbao, due to the recommendation of Princess Yu Zhen, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty sent a letter to Li Bai to enter Beijing and received a grand courtesy: "Let's retire and meet him, as if we had seen splendor; Give food to the Qibao bed and let the royal hand scoop the rice. " (Li's preface to the collection of thatched cottage) ordered Li Bai to devote himself to Hanlin. When Li Bai was called to Beijing, he was full of ambition. The poem "Nanling children go to Beijing" says: "Go out and laugh in the sky, my generation is Artemisia!" He wanted to do something to repay Xuanzong's kindness in meeting him, but the proud poet was soon envied by the court dignitaries. A year later, he began to be slandered. "What's the matter with Bai Bi? The blue fly became a grievance ("Book Feelings to Cai Sheren Bear"), and "Although you love Emei, you can't help killing people in the palace" ("Yu Hu Yin"), these poems are all portrayal of his sinister situation at that time. In the spring of Tianbao three years, Li Bai was put back to his hometown. This time, he only served in North Korea for more than a year, but his understanding of society has undergone profound changes.
After Li Bai left Chang 'an, he went east along Shangzhou Avenue and met Du Fu in Luoyang. Later, he traveled to Liang and Song Dynasties with Du Fu and Gao Shi, and lived a leisurely life of chasing eagles and rabbits with paper. The following year, in Yanzhou, Shandong Province, Li Bai met Du Fu again and traveled with him to Surabaya and Dongmeng. With the deterioration of the political situation in Tianbao period, Li Bai was deeply worried and uneasy about the danger of state affairs. In his poems "Twelve Cold Nights Answering the King" and "Farewell", he publicly protested the arrogance and killing dissidents of Li and Yang, and issued a cry for the sinister political situation. He wandered around Liangyuan, Lujun and Jinling, and also visited Ji You and other places. I wrote many excellent poems along the way.
In the 14th year of Tianbao (755), the Anshi Rebellion broke out, and Li Bai fled to the southeast, moving between Xuancheng, Dangtu, Jinling and Liyang. After living in seclusion in Lushan Mountain. At that time, Lin, the son of Xuanzong, led his teacher to advance eastward from Jiangling, "wrote three books" (with Jia Shaogong), and invited Li Bai to participate in its military activities in the name of reviving the great cause. Li Bai resolutely and enthusiastically joined the army. Unexpectedly, another disaster happened between Su Heng and Lin, and Li Lin was defeated and died. Li Bai was also convicted and imprisoned, and was soon taken by Yelang (now Tongzi, Guizhou). At that time, the poet fell into a dangerous situation that "everyone wants to kill" (Du Fu's "No See"), so that Du Fu also mistakenly believed in rumors and wrote poems to express his deep sorrow. Li Bai returned to Jiangxi and was not released until Wushan. At this time, he is nearly 60 years old, but he is still not strong enough. In the second year of Shang Yuan (76 1), he set foot on the journey again, ready to join the counter-insurgency team in Li Guangbi, but turned back due to illness on the way. In the first year of Baoying (762), Li Bai died in Dangtu's uncle Li Jiazhong, ending his legendary life. Li Taibai's collection.
Li Bai's life has been wandering around the world, with ups and downs, which made him widely exposed to all aspects of life. His distinctive personality was formed on the basis of fully absorbing the flavor of the times. Li Bai was generous and conceited since childhood, and did not stick to his usual tone. "He often wants to be a blockbuster and soar to the sky, but he gradually moves to Joe. He can't do it." (Fan's Preface to Li Tombstone of Hanlin Bachelor in Tang You's Collection). He has a strong Ren Xia style: he values martial arts over Confucianism, ignores details, spends money like water, and is arrogant. When I was young, I traveled eastward for less than a year and scattered more than 300 thousand. If there is a down-and-out son, I will help him "(Li Bai's History of Shang 'an Peichang). He likes drinking and is good at riding and shooting. He disdained to follow the usual path of ordinary scholars from the imperial examination to the official position, but hoped to achieve great things in one fell swoop. It's not that he didn't earnestly seek immortality and learn Taoism, and collected herbs to make an alchemy. Dugu also said that when he went out, his luggage was "all fairy medicine and Taoist books" ("Cao Nan sent Li Baixu"). What's more, he took the Taoist seal from the highly respected teachers in Shandong and completed the official ceremony of becoming a monk. He is quite devoted to the counselor who solves disputes and has the demeanor of a strategist. Cui Zongzhi said that he "reached the palm of his hand when he talked about it, and he was absolutely superb when he talked about it." Distinguish between Chu and Han, it seems that the king is overbearing "("Give Li "). The New Tang Book Literary Biography also said that he "likes vertical and horizontal techniques". In short, "Shang Zhi's Daoism means that immortals can achieve it; Don't ask for a small official, be conceited about worldly affairs "(Liu's Bachelor of Hanlin in Tang Dynasty). His ideal in life is to be detached from things and actively join the WTO. The above aspects are the remarkable characteristics of social habits and cultural spirit in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. Therefore, Li Bai has naturally become the favorite human relations style of contemporary people. For example, for the sake of white elegance, Ren Hua and Wei Wanxiang traveled thousands of miles; When He Yi, a fanatic of Siming, saw Li Bai, he exclaimed that he was a "fallen fairy" and took off his golden turtle as a gift. Master Wu Qi is willing to go through fire and water, cross the enemy-occupied area of An Shi Rebellion and take back the poet's children at the east foot, and so on. It is through his personality projection that Li Bai's poems and songs embody the spirit of the times, thus becoming the strongest voice in the prosperous Tang Dynasty.