Zhu, the word "Hui", was named "Hui 'an" and "Shi Wengong". Emperor Gaozong of the Southern Song Dynasty was born in Youxi County, Fujian Province for four years (A.D. 1 130). Ning Zong died in the 6th year of Qingyuan (A.D. 1200) at the age of 7 1 and was buried in Dalin Valley, huang keng zhen, Jianyang County. Zhu Wengong was born in Fujian, grew up in Fujian and died in Fujian. 19-year-old Jinshi, teaching for nearly 50 years. He specializes in studying and annotating classics, history, literature and lecture notes, establishing idealism and becoming a master of Neo-Confucianism. He emphasizes morality and thinks that people should give up "selfish desires" and follow "justice", that is, the ethical procedure of the outside world. In order to clearly understand the clean-up place, he put forward the theory of "learning from others", and founded Xue Min (that is, the study of various schools of thought) from the aspects of investigating objective things, seeking knowledge, being broad and subtle, expounding the way of Confucius and Mencius, and integrating scientific achievements. His thoughts not only influenced China in the Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties for nearly 700 years, but also became an official philosophy, regarded as authentic Confucianism, became the mainstream of oriental culture after the14th century, and was regarded as a national study and a major moral creed in Korea and Japan. The introduction of modern Zhu Xi into Europe and America has also had different degrees of influence on western countries. Therefore, Zhu (Wen Gong) was included in the Who's Who of the Millennium and was selected as one of the 50 most influential people in the world.
Zhu, Zhu Zi's Family Instructions
What the monarch cherishes is benevolence. I value loyalty. What my father cherishes is kindness. Filial piety is also the most precious thing for children. Brothers' friends are the people you value. Everyone my brother loves is respected. What a husband values is harmony. The person a woman loves is soft. Being a teacher is more expensive than being polite, and making friends is more expensive than believing. When you meet your elders, you should respect them; See young people and love them. I will respect those noble people, although they are younger than me; Unscrupulous people, although older than me, I will stay away from them. Be careful not to talk about other people's shortcomings or praise your own merits. Revenge with righteousness, sue directly, and be satisfied with what you encounter. People are too small to tolerate; If a person has made a big mistake, he should speak out rationally. Don't do it because of small goodness, and don't do it because of small evils. If people have evil, they must hide it; If a person has goodness, he must publicize it. Have no enmity with the world, and be selfless in managing your family. Don't be selfish and hurt others, and don't be jealous of talents. Don't say that you are angry and report disobedience, and you don't want see no evil, which is not good for others. Don't take ill-gotten gains, take them reasonably Poetry and books must be read, and etiquette and righteousness must be known. Children and grandchildren must be taught, and children and servants must be kind. Gentle people will be disrespectful, and those in adversity will help. Those who keep my points are also polite; Those who listen to my orders, heaven also. If people can do this, so can heaven. This is a daily routine. If clothes are to the body and diet is to the mouth, clothes are indispensable for a day, but they can be sloppy! (Excerpted from Ziyang Zhu)
What the monarch cherishes is "benevolence" and cherishes the people. What is precious when a minister is "loyalty", loyalty to the monarch and patriotism. The most precious thing for a father is "kindness" and loving his children. What is precious when a son is "filial piety", which is filial piety to his parents. When a brother is precious, he is a "friend" and loves his brother. What is precious when a younger brother is "respect" and respect for his brother. What is precious to a husband is "harmony" and harmony with his wife. What is precious to a wife is "gentleness" and meekness to her husband. Teachers should be polite in service and pay attention to credit when making friends. Respect the elderly and love the children. I must respect a man of noble character, even if he is younger than me. I must stay away from people with bad conduct, even if they are older than me. Don't talk casually about other people's shortcomings; Don't brag about your merits. For those who have feuds, tell the truth and be reasonable. Be honest and upright with those who blame themselves. Whether you are proud or easy-going, difficult or unfavorable, you should be calm and unmoved. Others have small mistakes, so be tolerant! If someone else makes a big mistake, we should persuade him and help him according to reason. Don't do it just because it is a small good thing, and don't do it just because it is a small bad thing. Others have done bad things, help them to mend their ways, and don't preach their evil deeds. Others should be praised for doing good deeds. There is no personal enmity in dealing with people, and there is no separate private law in managing housework. Don't do things that harm others and benefit yourself. Don't be jealous of talented people and capable people. Don't say that you are angry with unreasonable people, and don't hurt the lives of people and animals casually in violation of legitimate things. Do not accept improper property, support reasonable. Be sure to read poetry books often, and be sure to understand etiquette and righteousness. Children and grandchildren should be educated, and child servants should be pitied. We must respect those who are moral and knowledgeable, and we must help those who are in trouble. These are the truths that a man should know, and everyone should do his duty to reach the standard of "courtesy". By doing so, we have fulfilled the mission entrusted to us by everything in the world and conformed to the principle of "destiny".
A Model of China Family Culture —— Zhu Family Law
State-owned laws and family rules. China culture is characterized by familism or patriarchal clan system, and family rules are the main manifestation of familism. Like all surname families in China, Zhu families all over the country have their own family laws or rules to restrain, educate and inspire their people. However, since the Song and Ming Dynasties, since the publication of "Family Instructions of Zhu Zi" and "Family Instructions of Mr. Bailuyuan", various Zhu families have reprinted and recited them, and officials and people have also published them publicly. In this way, Zhu's two family laws have become a model of familism that affects not only one surname, but also the whole China family.
Master Zhu Wengong
Zhu, an old man named Huian and Yungu, is from Cangzhou, nicknamed Ziyang. China was a great philosopher, thinker, educator, writer and poet in the Southern Song Dynasty.
Zhu, a native of Wuyuan, Anhui Province (now Jiangxi Province), was born in Youxi, Nanjian Prefecture, Fujian Province (now Nanping) in the fourth year of Jianyan in the Southern Song Dynasty (1 130), and was a Taoist in Zheng 'an. His father Zhu Song, a North Korean official, was expelled from the court for opposing Qin Gui's surrender policy. In the seventh year of Shaoxing, Xi moved to Jianyang with his father. In the thirteenth year of Shaoxing, after his father died of illness, he followed his father's wishes and went to Chong 'an to study with his father's good friend Liu Mianzhi and other celebrities. Zhu is diligent and ambitious. Liu Mianzhi likes him very much and betrothed his daughter to Zhu as his wife. In the seventeenth year of Shaoxing, Zhu 18 years old was a native of Jianzhou. At the age of 65,438+09, the scholar who ranked 90th among the fifth in Wang Zuobang was awarded the scholar background. At the age of 22, he was awarded Zuo Di Gong Lang, the master book of Tongan County, Ren Quan, and entered the official career. In the 28th year of Shaoxing, Zhu returned to Wulifu, Wuyishan, to give lectures at his mother's office after his tenure in Tongan. In the following 23 years, Zhu was invited to give lectures to the imperial court in Lin 'an (Hangzhou) twice, visited Changsha for three years, and had an academic debate with Lu Jiuyuan in the summer of the next year, both of which were engaged in lectures and writing activities in Chong 'an. In the autumn of the fifth year of Xichun, he was ordered to go to Jiangxi to learn about Nankang Army. Two years later, he was promoted to Changping Tea Salt Merchant on Jiangnan West Road and took office in September. He returned to his hometown for offending powerful people, continued to write books, taught his disciples and founded Wuyi Jingshe. It was not until Shao Xiyuan that it was reused and Zhangzhou was changed to a state. In the winter of four years, Shao Xide lived in Tanzhou (now Changsha). Soon, he was recruited into the court as an assistant minister and lecturer. Later, he was dismissed from office and returned to his hometown because he violated the powerful minister Han Tuo. At the end of this year, he built the Bamboo Forest Jingshe (later changed to Cangzhou Jingshe and Kaoting Academy), which benefited many scholars and formed Kaoting School. Since then, he founded and restored 27 academies in the south, such as Bailudong, Yuelu and Wuyi, which trained tens of thousands of students for the society and made indelible contributions to China's ancient literary creation. In the second year of Qingyuan, Neo-Confucianism was denounced as a leader of "pseudo-learning" and later upgraded to "anti-Party", where he was persecuted and had to take refuge several times. In the sixth year of Qingyuan, Zhu died of depression at the age of 7 1 year. After his death, he was buried in Dalin Valley, Jiufeng Mountain in Huangkeng, Jianyang County, Fujian Province.
Zhu spent only 78 years in politics, and spent the remaining 40 years writing and giving lectures all over Fujian. He left behind 64 works, including Annotations to the Analects of Confucius, Annotations to Mencius, University Chapters and Sentences, and The Doctrine of the Mean, with more than 330 volumes and170,000 words, and made great contributions to Confucian classics, history, literature, music and natural science. He inherited and developed the theories of Cheng Hao and Cheng Yi, which is a masterpiece of Neo-Confucianism. His academic achievements are "to the vast, to the subtle, to the ten thousand generations", and he is known as the most influential master after Confucius and Mencius, Confucius after three generations, and an encyclopedic cultural giant.
Although Zhu's theory was not taken seriously before his death, his reputation was restored in three years (1227). First, the doctor of traditional Chinese medicine and the bachelor of museum were posthumously awarded, and then the general doctor was added to make him a believer, and then he was changed to the emblem master. Soon, posthumous title, the master of Qi, gave him "Wen", so he was called Wen Gong or Zhu. Since then, the rulers of Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties have attached great importance to Zhu's theory and will take it as the standard of imperial examination. Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty ordered Xiong Cilv, Li Guangdi and others to compile The Complete Works of Zhu Zi, and wrote a preface in his own hand, saying: "The method of the former king is unavailable, and the way of the gentleman (referring to Zhu) is unavailable ..." Emperor Kangxi very consciously regarded Zhu Cheng Neo-Confucianism as the ruling thought of governing the world. Zhu is listed as "the second of the top ten philosophers". Zhu's theory has not only exerted a profound influence on China for more than 700 years since Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, but also exerted a great influence on Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia and even some countries in the world.
At present, the study of Zhu's theory has attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad. 1987 the international academic conference on Zhuzi studies was held in Xiamen, China. 1In July, 990, international academic conferences were held in Fuzhou and Wuyishan, China to commemorate the 860th anniversary of Zhu Zi's birth. More than 260 scholars and experts from China Strait, French, Japanese, Korean, Hongkong and other countries and regions will gather together. With new ideas and methods, they launched a heated discussion around the historical position, world influence and contemporary value of Zhu's research and academic thought, made new estimates and wrote a new chapter in international Zhu's research. Guangdong Zhu Thought Research Association was established 199 1. 1993 in the early summer, an international seminar on Zhu's academic thoughts was held in Zhongshan University, Guangdong Province. Scholars from the United States, Malaysia, South Korea, provinces and cities, Hong Kong and other regions and representatives of Zhu Descendants attended the meeting. The meeting was wonderful and vivid and achieved a complete success. 1In April, 1994, China Zhu Research Association was established to further publicize Zhu Thought at home and abroad. At present, more than 50 countries in the world have successively carried out Zhu's Neo-Confucianism activities, and Japan and South Korea have also established Zhu's research institutions. The Japanese government also allocated special funds for this purpose, and organized domestic famous Zhuzi scholars to compile the Complete Works of Zhuzi Studies with volume 10, and conducted a comprehensive study of Zhuzi Studies. In addition to Japan, the United States, Britain, West Germany, France, the Commonwealth of Independent States and Southeast Asia have also attached great importance to the study of Zhuzi in recent years. 1984, the United States held the first international conference on Zhu studies in Hawaii. This meeting devoted to a scholar's thoughts is rare in the world. Professor Chen Yongjie, a famous scholar from Harvard University, made a special trip to Fujian to inspect Zhu's body. At present, the research on Zhu Xi's thought has mushroomed all over the world. The development of this activity will certainly promote the development of China's excellent traditional culture and oriental culture, and will also make new contributions to the development of world civilization.