Tongdao Dong Style Fast Reading

summary

The passage is located in the southwest border of Hunan Province, at the southernmost tip of Huaihua City, and at the junction of Hunan, Guangxi and Guizhou provinces (regions). It is the gateway of the Central Plains to the southwest and the south gate of Hunan connecting Guangdong and Guangxi. In the corridor where the Women's Working Committee of History lies in Chu and Vietnam, it is known as the "Hundred Returns" and "Southern Chu Polar Region".

The whole territory is 58 kilometers wide from east to west and 68 kilometers long from north to south, with a total area of 2,239 square kilometers. There are 242 administrative villages under the jurisdiction of 2 1 township, and there are 13 brotherly ethnic groups, such as Dong, Han, Miao and Yao, with a total population of 22190,000, and the minority population accounts for 8 1.6%, among which the ethnic groups are distributed in northern Han, southern Dong, northern and western mountainous areas.

The passage belongs to the transition zone from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to Nanling Mountains, that is, east longitude 109'25'52' and north latitude 25'52'55 ". The territory has a mild climate, abundant rainfall, no severe cold in winter and no heat in summer. Annual evaluation temperature 16.3' C, annual average rainfall1480.7mm.

The passage has a long history, exquisite landscapes, quaint cultural landscapes, unique folk customs and rich products, which will make every guest who comes to Tongdao Dong Township linger.

Minzhou

Most Dong people live in vast forests and mountainous areas. Because it is located in the subtropical rain forest area in the south, it is rainy all the year round, hot in summer and autumn, and there are many poisonous insects and beasts, so the ancestors of the Dong people chose to "build a nest", that is, "build a building block to live on it". Dong residents have experienced the evolution of nest, semi-nest and dry fence, such as "hanging foot building" (dry fence). The so-called "diaojiao building" is to add a hanging eaves column to the side column, which can be supported by the beam without touching the ground, which not only increases the practicality, but also is beautiful and generous. Pedestrians can shelter from the sun and rain by passing under the hanging post outside the house.

Generally, Dong residents are covered with green tiles, built by mountains and living by water. They are mainly landscapes, solemn and elegant, and do not pay attention to polygons, circular arches, pointed shapes and colorful whitewashing, that is, the so-called "beauty is not in shape, elegance is not in beauty", and they are integrated with the simple, simple and friendly folk customs of the Dong people.

The biggest feature of Dong residents is that every family has a hall. A house, no matter how big or small, always has to make room for a hallway. The lower part of the corridor outside the hall stands against the wall, and the upper part is fenced or open, with bright ventilation. There are buckets and benches in the hall corridor, which are places to entertain guests, rest and enjoy the cool, and also "karaoke bars" for young women to love and sing at night.

marry

The unique marriage and love way of free friends and collective love prevails in Dong nationality. That is, after a long period of collective love, then enter the stage of unrequited love in pairs, and then decide on life. Generally speaking, with songs as the medium, men and women choose the right person by singing and comparing eloquence, and give each other tokens ("Ba Ping") for life. There are three forms of Dong marriage: one is marriage. Through free love, and the woman's parents are both satisfied, when they get married, they have to hold a banquet and make a big scene. The second is to escape marriage (that is, "elopement"). Both men and women are in love, but their parents don't agree, so they have to take the method of escaping marriage and go home after the popularity of the old man disappears. Dong people escape from marriage without discrimination and are treated warmly everywhere. The third is to rob the marriage. Both men and women have been married for life, and the woman's parents disagree. In order to get married, the man looked for an opportunity to take the woman back to get married. After that, the average woman should punish the groom to calm down. Dong people marry voluntarily and divorce freely. If the man does not want the woman, the man will return all the dowry and a certain amount of "money laundering" to the woman; If a woman doesn't want a man, then the woman's family or new husband will pay for the loss of the man's marriage. When they meet in the back, they still greet each other. Dong people have a "night marriage", that is, they usually get married in the middle of the night. "Three years but not more than five years", that is, within three to five years after marriage, the woman can freely participate in social activities without her husband's intervention. There is also the marriage custom of "staying at home", that is, "returning wine" to let her family celebrate the New Year, ranging from three to five years. During this period, her husband's family sent someone to pick her up, and she didn't stay in her husband's family for a long time until the woman was pregnant.

Dong families pay attention to "four generations under one roof" and "five generations under one roof". Nowadays, there are fewer and fewer generations living under one roof, usually consisting of a couple, one or two or three or four children. Many children are separated after marriage, and parents usually live with their youngest son. Equality, mutual love and harmony among family members.

festival

Dong people are known as the hundred festivals, with festivals in every month and festivals in all seasons. There are more than 50 festivals in a year. The festivals of the Dong people are excitement and enjoyment. A clan and a stockade always invite relatives, friends and neighbors to celebrate the holidays.

Besides the Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Double Ninth Festival and New Year, there are many unique festivals with strong nostalgia.

Sweet cake festival. After the first month and the second day of February, Dong people will enter a festive and sweet festival, that is, a sweet solar term. It is made by adding water to the filter residue of wild sweet vine, stirring with glutinous rice flour and steaming with zongzi leaves. Sweet and cool, it can prevent epilepsy, moisten the lungs and stimulate appetite. In the evening, Dong girls invited the boys to sit in the evening and talk about the future. When they left, the girls took out the sweet vine Ciba gifts that had already been prepared from home, indicating that they always remembered this sweet night and always remembered the entrustment and thoughts when they left.

Lusheng Festival. The Mid-Autumn Festival from August to 10 is the time for the group to visit Lusheng among Dong villages. Jiazhai will go to Village B this year, and Village C will go to Village B next year, or Jiazhai will be the main village this year, and other villages will go to Jiazhai at the same time to compete for Lusheng. After the Lusheng competition, young men and women will sing and love each other in the evening, and women will burn camellia oleifera or cook sugar soup for midnight snack.

Eat the winter festival. "Eating Winter Festival" is a unique national festival of Dong people. Every year from 10 to 1 1 0, the surname Dong migrates to the village to hold a commemorative event, also known as ancestor worship festival. Eating "frozen fish" is the main way to eat the Winter Festival, and there are all kinds of other fine wines and delicacies, which are as lively as the New Year, so it is also called "Winter Year". This day is not only a day for friends and relatives to get together, but also a good opportunity for collective exchange visits. Winter festivals don't need the invitation of the host family. Guests only need to bring small bags of gifts or even pile up their feet empty-handed, and the host family will warmly entertain them. The more guests there are on this day, the happier they are, indicating that the richer the family, the more auspicious it is.

religion

Tongdao Dong religion includes primitive religion and foreign religion, which mainly worships nature, Buddhism and Taoism, and believes in animism.

Primitive religions only include totem worship, nature worship and ancestor worship. Totem worship, with dragons as the most. Tombstones, pillars and bridges with eaves are all carved dragons and painted snakes. Dong people believe that dragons are everywhere. Rainbow is considered as the place where dragons live after rain, and snakes in ancestral graves are more protected as ancestors. Nature worship and water god worship believe that the sun, moon, stars, morning, wind, rain, thunder, electricity, flowers, trees, birds, animals, fish and insects all have gods and are all objects of worship. The Dong people worship Raytheon. According to folklore, Raytheon saved and gave birth to mankind. The same is true of the worship of land gods and water gods. Every bridge head, stockade head, intersection, man's mouth, etc. They have their sacred places, and they burn incense and sacrifice in front of them on holidays or when their families are unhappy. Ancestor worship is people's worship of ancestors, and temples are set up all the year round. Dong people think that "Sa" is the highest ancestor of Dong people (that is, the ancestor grandmother), and Sa is everywhere and omnipotent. Anyone who sets up a village must first ask for "Sa" blessing; We should hold grand collective activities, such as collecting antibodies and celebrating the New Year, and also hold grand sacrificial activities in front of the altar to pray for Lisa's blessing.

Foreign religions mainly include Buddhism, Taoism and Christianity, and Dong people mainly believe in Buddhism. Buddhism was introduced in the Qing Dynasty, and there was no real orthodox religion, so there were few Buddhist activities and the scale was not large. Among the people, those good men and women believe in Buddhism mainly because they believe that people have to accumulate more good deeds in order to exchange souls in the underworld and wait for reincarnation.

Wen Yi

Dong folk art is rich and colorful, mainly including Dong songs, Dong dramas and Dong dances.

Dong folk songs are cultural and artistic treasures created by Dong ancestors in long-term social practice and handed down by oral preaching. They are rich in content, beautiful in tune, diverse in types and amazing in forms, including leaf songs, qu songs, opera songs, duet songs, wine songs, tea songs, Japanese songs, night songs, cell phones and voice songs, pipa songs, Keji songs and Dong flute songs. Especially the big songs of Dong nationality, are famous all over the world.

Dong Opera, the only opera of the Dong people, was introduced into the Taiwan Strait in the early 1950s. Although the history of its enlightener is not too long, it is deeply loved by the Dong people because of its unique singing style and simple rhyme. There are many Dong operas circulating among the people, including scripts adapted from biographies and novels of Han people, and scripts based on Dong folk legends and stories. There are dramas with ancient themes and new dramas extracted from real life. Representative plays include Zhu Lang Niang Mei, Wei Liu and Yin Xiujimei.

Dong people's dances mainly include Lusheng Dance, Duo Wu Ye Dance, Spring Cattle Dance, Dragon Lantern Dance and Sacrifice Dance, among which Lusheng Dance is the largest and most imposing, and it is a large-scale collective dance boasting and dancing. Every August and autumn to the first month of the following year, there will be a grand collective exchange of visits between Dong villages-Sai Lu Sheng. There are circle performances, dance performances and cockfighting performances. In particular, the biennial Lusheng Festival is very lively, ranging from 20 to 30 branches to 50 to 60 branches, with 30,000 people in four provinces (regions) of Hunan, Guangxi, Guizhou and Guangdong. At that time, you will appreciate the true meaning of "the world of songs, the ocean of dance".

Drink to eat

"Dong people never leave acid" is a unique custom of Dong diet. "Sour fish" and "sour meat" are most suitable for banquets. In the past, it was only eaten in a bucket (special pickling tool) at weddings and funerals and the arrival of distinguished guests. It can be taken immediately, cooked on charcoal fire or fried in oil, which is delicious for helping the stomach. "Scold resistance" and "three weaknesses" (sour shrimp) are refreshing and delicious, with endless aftertaste.

"Drinking tea when meeting guests" is a unique way for Dong people to entertain guests. Dong people eat oil tea and have many tea ceremonies. After giving birth, there are three dynasties tea and one-year-old tea. Girls marry tea, and tea comes from the lane; There will be tea delivery and warm heart tea; There are also "Sa" tea for offering sacrifices to the gods, ancestral tea for festivals and so on. Grain Rain tea is the best, that is, on the day of Grain Rain Festival, picking tender buds, frying and eating camellia oleifera. Sweet, fresh and slightly bitter, it can prevent epidemic and strengthen the body after eating, and poisonous insects do not invade. There is a custom of "guests eat three bowls" when eating camellia oleifera (there is no limit to the number of one bowl of camellia oleifera).

"Bridging the bridge on the plate" is a unique custom of Dong banquet, also known as "folding banquet". That is to say, when several brothers who have run away from home, a family member and a stockade come to the same guest, and the guest can't stay long, the host family will try their best to organize a banquet and set a long table to accompany the meal. When the banquet is opened, an elder will raise a glass, and others will raise a glass to their neighbors. During the dinner, dishes and bowls are passed in turn, so that guests can taste them in every home. Toast with songs or horse guessing boxing, the atmosphere is warm and friendly, ranging from dozens to hundreds and thousands of people, such as the "Du Yan's Closing Banquet for 1000 People" at the 50th anniversary of the county celebration in 2004, where more than 1000 people sat around a long table.

clothes

The Dong costumes in the corridor vary from region to region and converge with the development of the times. Women's wear is very different.

Dong menswear, which is similar in different areas (customized areas), is older. Old people wear collarless right lapel tops, wide and short folded trousers, a green handkerchief of 1.2 feet on their heads, and herringbone patterns tattooed on their foreheads. Handkerchiefs are embroidered with colorful threads at both ends, and sandals are worn in summer and sandals in winter. Young people wear double-breasted coats, ranging from nine to eleven, and a set of three to nine are single items. Generally, only the underwear is buttoned, and then a button is buttoned from the inside out, so that the whole coat can be displayed layer by layer to show wealth.

There are many styles of Dong women's dresses. To the south of Shuangjiang River, women's shirts are collarless and buttonless, and the waist is tied with a cloth belt. Wear pants before marriage, change pleated skirts after marriage, and wrap legs on lower limbs; Wear a head handkerchief, weave two feet of splendid flowers at both ends of the handkerchief, and keep a velvet beard. At weddings or festivals, silver ornaments are inserted in the head and a large collar is hung around the neck; Furong Jindian, a girl with a big skirt and right thigh, shaves all her hair along the hairline, leaving only the top of her head and knitting it with fine wool rope. If there is a new burial at home, it will be knitted with green wool. After you get married, your hair is all gone. Put your spine on your head and wrap it around your temples. Wear 3~5 pieces of silver double-breasted right-breasted clothes with flower-and-bird patterns on the button surface in hot weather. Wear collarless double-breasted right-breasted buttons or clothes in winter, with an apron on the chest, a silver chain around the neck, and Dong brocade belts on both sides of the waist tied behind the back. Jufu wears skirts and trousers at home. She wears shoes with hard soles and hooks at the front end in winter and spring, white socks with white thread and round mouth, and shoes with brocade soles or sandals in summer and autumn. Women in Dubo, wearing handkerchiefs more than two feet long, with curved patterns on the head, holding the temples of vertebrae, wearing right slits, buttons tied with silver chains, waist skirts, waist edges, trousers and embroidered feet. The girl who sowed Yang wore a three-foot Xu Hua Gepa, while the girl wore long braids and red velvet ribbons. The braid is coiled outside the headscarf, and the clothes are right. The skirt is flush with the clothes. There is a button at the front of the skirt collar, and the waist of the skirt is one or two fingers wide. The cuffs of the clothes are tied with colored silk thread, and the sleeves and hem are rolled three times, with blue and white cloth strips. Going to the countryside, women and girls living in the countryside have their hair tied in a braid. When they reach puberty, they wear temples and hairpins. Before giving birth, they always wear their temples in a round shape, which is called "warm-hearted temples". There are silver sideburns on the sideburns, long green scarf wrapped around the head, ranging from 8 feet to 1 2 feet, and a big bra with red edges.

Ming Sheng

There are rich and colorful cultural relics and scenic spots in the passage, and breathtaking landscapes are scattered all over the place. Tongdao County is a big county of cultural relics, with ancient cultural sites such as the Great Wilderness site in the new era and the Annan site in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties. There are Tang Chong Tomb in Song Dynasty, Hanging Coffin Tomb in Wanyin Mountain in Ming Dynasty, Inspection Department Tomb in Bai Yang in Ming Dynasty and Monk Tomb in Yuzhu Mountain in Qing Dynasty. There are cultural relics such as Huangyuan kiln site in Song Dynasty and Yaokou site in Yuan Dynasty. There are ancient buildings such as Matian Drum Tower, Huilong Bridge, Baiyi Taoist Temple, Yanglanzhai Gate, Bingshu Pavilion, Gongcheng Academy, Puxiu Bridge and Shantou Ancient Dong Village. There are eight treasures of silver Jue, gold-plated cups with bronze flowers, soul altar with brown mottled leaves, stone carving incense burner, bamboo fruit, embossed soul and other cultural relics in the collection; There are "red" cultural relics such as Red Army grenades, Red Army lanterns, Li Zijie Red Army Martyrs' Tomb, Xiaoshui Battle Monument, Shuangjiang Martyrs' Cemetery, Long March Memorial Forest Monument and Red Army Long March Transfer Site. This passage is also a scenic spot in the national eco-tourism county. The "Hundred Li Dong Culture Corridor" with Shantou Ancient Dong Village, Huang Du Dong Culture Village, Pingtan Drum Tower Group, Gaobu "Sa" Culture, Yanglan Yinshi Village, Red Sandalwood Dress Lusheng Team, Pingyang Du Lei Dong Opera Troupe and Du Yan Style Garden as the main lines. There are polar caves, lions looking at the moon, towering plants, Shenxian Cave, Lion Rock, Eighteen Bends, Red Army Mountain, Wei Zi and Wanfo Mountain. There are the original secondary forest of Hongmenchong, Tommy Tam "Nanpiao No.1", Yudaihe leisure tour, the wild game field of Liangsong in Dawei of the three provinces, the natural hunting ground of Huangshagang, and the wildlife kingdom of Ngo Zhangli subtropical valley.

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