References

↑ Gui Shiquan. Guidance on interpersonal communication for college students. Southwest Jiaotong University Press, 2007.04.

↑ Xinhua Education (Beijing) Research Institute. Efforts will reap rewards and everyone can succeed. Electronic Industry Press, 2009.03.

↑ Lin Guofang, Wu Yonghui. 7 days to understand daily psychology. Jincheng Press, January 2008 1st edition.

Primacy Effect

Overview of the Primacy Effect

The Primacy Effect and the Recency Effect were developed by American psychologist Locsin First proposed by Si. They reflect the impact of the order in which subject information appears on impression formation in interpersonal communication. The primacy effect means that the first impression left on people in interpersonal communication is very important and has a great influence on the formation of impressions. In an experiment conducted in 1957, Lochins introduced a stranger to four groups of college students: when introducing him to the first group, he said he was an extrovert; when introducing him to the second group, he said he was an introvert; When introducing to the third group, first say that he is an extrovert, and then say that he is an introvert; when introducing to the fourth group, he said the same as when introducing the third group, but the order was reversed. . Lochins then asked the four groups to describe the stranger using the terms introduced above. The first and second groups did not have any problems when describing, but the impressions of the third and fourth groups on the strangers completely corresponded to the order in which the information was provided - the information provided first was dominant.

The primacy effect is also called the first impression effect or the preconception effect. It refers to the impact of the first input information through the "first impression" on an individual's subsequent cognition of the object in the process of social cognition. The first impression has the strongest effect and lasts for a long time. It has a stronger effect on the overall impression of things than the information obtained later.

Theoretical Explanation of the Primacy Effect

The primacy effect refers to the individual’s subsequent recognition of the object through the information first input through the “first impression” in the process of social cognition. It is a psychological tendency caused by the first impression (first impression). Many people are accustomed to calling it "first impression".

The primacy effect is essentially a priority effect. When different information is combined, people always tend to pay attention to the previous information. Even if people pay equal attention to the later information, they will think that the later information is non-essential and accidental. People are accustomed to interpret the later information according to the previous information. Even if the later information is inconsistent with the previous information, they will succumb to the previous information. information to create an overall consistent impression.

There are various theoretical explanations for this effect caused by the order of information input. One explanation is that the initial impression formed by the first received information constitutes the core knowledge or memory schema in the brain. Other information input later is only integrated into this memory schema, that is, this is an assimilation mode. Subsequent information is assimilated into the memory structure formed by the first input information. Therefore, subsequent new information It also has attribute traces of previous information. Another explanation is based on the principle of attention mechanism. This explanation is that the first information received is easily ignored and the information is processed roughly. Generally speaking, the characteristics of the brain's processing of information are the intrinsic reasons for the primacy effect.

How to grasp the primacy effect

The occurrence of primacy effect is related to the individual’s social experience and the richness of social experience. If an individual has rich social experience, profound social experience, and substantial social knowledge, the role of the primacy effect will be kept to a minimum; in addition, through learning, one can understand the primacy effect on a rational level and clarify the evaluation of the primacy effect. , is generally only an evaluation based on some superficial non-essential characteristics of the object. This evaluation should be continuously revised and improved in the further communication and cognition in the future. In other words, the first impression is not What cannot be changed is not what is difficult to change. There are various explanations for this effect of the order of input of information.

One explanation is that the initial impression formed by the first received information constitutes the core knowledge or memory schema in the brain. Other information input later is only integrated into this memory schema, that is, this is an assimilation mode. Subsequent information is assimilated into the memory structure formed by the first input information. Therefore, subsequent new information is assimilated into the memory structure formed by the first input information. Information also has traces of the attributes of previous information. Another explanation is based on the principle of attention mechanism. This explanation believes that the first received information receives more attention without any interference and the information is processed finely; while the subsequent information is easily ignored and the information is processed roughly. .

The application of the primacy effect

The primacy effect means that the impression formed by people based on the information they initially obtained is not easy to change, and may even affect the interpretation of new information obtained later. Experiments have proven that the first impression is difficult to change. Therefore, in daily interactions, especially when interacting with others for the first time, you must pay attention to leaving a good impression on others. The first impression mainly relies on gender, age, body shape, posture, conversation, facial expression, clothing, etc. to judge a person's internal qualities and personality characteristics. The primacy effect has a greater impact on people in interpersonal communication and is an important term in communicative psychology. The impression left by people in their first interaction forms and occupies a dominant position in the other person's mind. This effect is the primacy effect. What we often say "leave a good impression on others" generally refers to the first impression, where the primacy effect exists. Therefore, in social activities such as making friends, recruiting, and job hunting, we can use this effect to show people an excellent image and lay a good foundation for future communication. Of course, this is only a temporary behavior in social activities, and deeper interactions require your hardware to be complete. This requires you to strengthen your quality in speech, behavior, cultivation, etiquette and other aspects, otherwise it will lead to another negative effect, that is, the recency effect.

To do this, first of all, we must pay attention to appearance, at least make people look clean and tidy. Neatness tends to leave the first impression of rigor, self-love, and cultivation, although this impression is not always accurate. This is the reason for the so-called "respect Luo Yi first and then respect others" when people interact with each other. U.S. President Lincoln once rejected a knowledgeable cabinet minister recommended by a friend because of his appearance. When a friend angrily accused Lincoln of judging people by appearance, saying that no one can be responsible for their natural appearance, Lincoln said: "A person over 40 years old should be responsible for his own appearance." Although Lincoln's judgment of people by appearance is debatable, we cannot Ignoring the huge influence of first impression, both external and internal, we should pay special attention to it.

Secondly, you must pay attention to your speech and behavior to make yourself appear elegant and generous. If you can also be humorous, talkative, and behave elegantly, it will be the icing on the cake, and you will definitely get a high score in the other person's heart. And this impression will influence the other person's future judgment of you for a long time.

The primacy effect plays a very subtle role in people's interactions. As long as you can accurately grasp it, you will be able to create a good interpersonal atmosphere for your career.

The English version was not found, sorry^^