In the Report on Language Life in China (2006) published by the Ministry of Education in 2007, leftover women became one of the new Chinese words 17 1. Leftover women refer to women who have passed the marriageable age and are still unmarried, and refer to single women over 27 years old.
Although the word "leftover women" has been constantly rendered through the internet and film and television works in recent years, it is not a new word, but there is still no unified definition for the definition of leftover women. Generally speaking, age is an important criterion for defining the group of leftover women. It is generally believed that leftover women refer to unmarried women over the age of 27 who remain single.
definition
Leftover women are new terms for older young women. They are called single. The Japanese call it a woman abandoned by men, which can also be called a 3S woman: single (single), 70s (mostly born in 70s), clingy (clingy)-older women, children in primary school, and young women get married happily after being choosy; Those who are smarter than them are not as beautiful as they are, and those who are prettier than them are not as smart as they are, only they are left.
Some leftover women have stable income, decent jobs and comfortable and elegant living environment, but they can't be in love for a long time. They are full of enthusiasm, pursuing high-level quality of life and lofty ideals, hoping to find an excellent other half. However, because of his high vision and unkindness, he has long been out of the marriage hall because of his long-term disharmony in his emotional life. With the growth of age, she was left in society, so she became a leftover woman.
There are many well-educated urban single women in China who are classified as leftover women. In theory, it should not be a problem for women in China to find a partner, but in real life, more and more professional women in China say that it is difficult for them to find a suitable partner. There are also some women who say that after years of hard study, they hope to enjoy the freedom of life for a period of time after the age of 30, and China society generally believes that women should settle down before the age of 30.
Research shows that the best childbearing age for women in China is 23-30 years old, the children born to fathers are 30-35 years old, and the children born to mothers are easy to become talents when they are 23-28 years old.
Late marriage is a worldwide problem, and the most representative country is Japan. Japan is one of the countries with the worst phenomenon of late marriage in the world. For men, according to the 2005 Japanese population survey, the unmarried rate of men aged 25 to 29 is 7 1.4%, and that of men aged 30 to 34 is 47. 1%. The unmarried rate of 50-year-old men is 15.4%. What about women? In 2005, the unmarried rate of women aged 25 to 29 rose to 59.0%. Although lower than men, it is still not optimistic. In 2005, the unmarried rate of women aged 30 to 34 was 35%, and that of women aged 50 was 6.8%. And the above figures are still rising.
condition
In 2009, according to relevant data, the number of leftover women in Beijing has exceeded 550,000, which is only conservative data. An article in The Straits Times said that the number of leftover women in Beijing has reached 800,000, the highest in the world. Psychological research also found that compared with leftover men, leftover women have to bear more pressure and are more prone to psychological crisis, because leftover women are over 27 years old, while men can endure to 35 years old. The situation in Shanghai is also not optimistic. A company once held a large-scale blind date between men and women in a white-collar park. The organizers tried their best to balance the ratio of men and women, but the official statement was that the effect was minimal, with a ratio of 3:7.
In fact, according to the on-site observation of the participants, the ratio of male to female is only 2:8, so that many older Shanghai women may not even be able to exchange information and contact information with a young man for an hour at such a big blind date. This kind of activity has been held twice, one year ago and one year later, but the problem that older women in Shanghai are hard to marry has not changed at all. In Shenzhen, near Hong Kong, there has always been a saying that the ratio of male to female is 1:7, which shows that the problem of leftover women is quite serious in several first-tier cities in China.
This is not difficult to find the answer in the 2008 Survey Report on the Marital Status of Internet Users in China. In the minds of China people, the ideal age for men to get married is after 30, while the chances for women to get married are decreasing year by year from the age of 25. More than 90% of women think that men around the age of 30 are ideal marriage partners, while 65% of men think that the ideal marriage partners are women aged 25-28. 25.5% of men can barely accept women over the age of 35, and only 12.5% of men can accept women over the age of 35, which makes the remaining period and choice of China women in the marriage and love market narrower than that of men.
trait
1, medium condition
The first survey report of leftover women in Chongqing shows that the age distribution of leftover women is 28-30 years old, accounting for 45.26%, and 3 1-34 years old accounts for 38.85%. With the increase of age, the number of leftover women gradually decreases, with 14.34% at the age of 35 to 37, and only 65438 at the age of 38 to 39.
In terms of income, half of the leftover women have savings of more than 50,000 yuan, 6 1.7 1% earn 4,000-5,000 yuan, 13.75% earn 5,000-6,000 yuan, and 2.78% earn 7,000-65,438 yuan.
However, 18.74% of the total women have a bank deposit of 20,000-50,000, 48.72% have a bank deposit of 50,000-90,000, 24.37% have a bank deposit of/kloc-0,000, and 2.02% have a bank deposit of more than 200,000. In the survey, there are no moonlight women.
The Communist Youth League Committee and the Beijing Youth Federation jointly held a youth association and released a series of survey reports on the views of men and women on marriage and love in China.
According to the report, 4.8% of the leftover women have a master's degree or above, and 3.6% of the leftover women earn more than 1.5 million yuan.
2. Recreational vehicles
After the hit of Dwelling House, the word house slave has become an unshakable mountain in many people's hearts. A survey in Chongqing shows that 83.56% of the leftover women own their own houses, and 16.4% of them also own multiple houses. Among the leftover women who have houses, 32.3% need to pay the mortgage for their houses every month, of which 62.65% pay1000 ~ 2,000 yuan per month, and 37.35% pay 2,000 ~ 3,000 yuan per month.
In terms of cars, 29. 16% of the leftover women own their own private cars, and 80% of the leftover women are over 34 years old.
3. Contradiction between positive and negative labels.
There are countless labels on the leftover women. However, the report suggests that in recent years, these labels have gradually changed from negative in early years to positive and negative. The survey conducted a keyword search in TRS. SMAS system, data report screened out 26 high-frequency positive and negative tags about leftover women. Among them, happiness, happiness, independence and Excellence rank in the top five, while aging, pain, worry, anxiety and failure rank in the top five of the negative labels.
According to the report, from 20 15 to now, in the eyes of the public, the group of leftover women is actually a contradiction: they are happy, happy, independent and excellent, but they are also older, painful, troubled, anxious and failed. The top three items that the leftover women have a negative impression are demanding multi-vision, workaholism and staying at home, accounting for 64. 1 1%, 34.54% and 2 1.9% of the respondents respectively. The survey report shows that the positive and negative labels on leftover women are not completely opposite. Although the group of leftover women has many advantages, the reason why they present a negative image because they are unmarried is more prominent.
4. Most first-tier cities
The report investigates different gender, age, urban distribution, education level, income level, and even dating and marital status to analyze the characteristics of leftover women and depict user portraits. The results show that the attention paid to the word "leftover women" is unevenly distributed in China. Among the top ten cities, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen rank in the top four. Among them, Beijing, with a permanent population of 30 million, ranks first in the search volume of users for the word "leftover women", which reflects from the side that it is not easy to balance the marriage market with a large population.
5, the decoration and design industry is the most, and civil servants and teachers are the least.
Which industry is most likely to produce leftover women? Some think they are senior white-collar workers, while others say they are full-time lawyers. The survey results show that decoration and design are the most, accounting for 17.5 1% of the total, followed by financial accounting, accounting for 15.40% of the total, followed by beauty salons, accounting for 14.39%, and media. Their specific ratios are 13.95%, 13. 1%, 10.83% and 10.74% respectively. However, the proportion of leftover women among civil servants and teachers is relatively the least, accounting for 3.07% and 0.50% of the total respectively.
6, often work overtime on weekends
Many people analyze that the busyness of work should be a stumbling block to the marriage of leftover women. The survey shows that 52.6 1% of the leftover women live a regular life from nine to five, 39.96% of the leftover women often work 9~ 10 hour, and the remaining 7.43% of the leftover women work freely, with long and short hours. 65.42% of the leftover women often have the experience of working overtime on weekends, and only 34.58% of the leftover women say they don't have to work overtime on weekends. The working hours of the leftover women are normal every day, but the weekend is miserable, which affects the appointment arrangement.