Word season. Pei county (now Jiangsu) people.
He once worked in Xianyang (now northeast of Xianyang, Shaanxi). At the end of Qin dynasty, he was appointed director of Sishui Pavilion in Pei County.
Send the criminals in this county to Lishan (now southeast of Lintong), release them on the way, and hide themselves in Mang and Dangshan Ze (now northeast of Yongcheng, Henan). In September of the first year of Qin Ershi (the first 209 years), Xiao He elected Pei County as Pei Gong, and gathered three thousand troops.
In April of two years, he joined Xiang Liang and won many battles with Xiang Yu. After Xiang Liang's death, Liu Bang was appointed as the marquis of Wu 'an and the party and county magistrate.
In September, Chen Sheng and Xiang Liang were ordered to retreat and attack Qin in the west. Only a few thousand people set out from Dangxian, fought for half a year, and the number of soldiers began to exceed 10 thousand.
In July of three years, he attacked Vanke City (now Nanyang). After that, he continued to attack and caress, and successfully advanced to Bashang (now southeast of Xi 'an).
In October of the first year of Hanwang (206 BC), he entered Xianyang to destroy Qin (see the peasant war at the end of Qin Dynasty). Make three chapters with the Qin people, divide the troops and control the customs, hoping to be the king of Guanzhong.
In December, Xiang Yu led 400,000 soldiers into the customs. Considering the disparity in strength, he compromised and was killed in Hong Men (now northeast of Lintong). Later, Xiang Yu was forced to accept the title of Hanwang.
In August, the soldiers returned and retaken Guanzhong. In March of two years, he went to Luoyang (now Luoyang East, Henan Province) to denounce Xiang Yu's murder of Chu Huaiwang and launch the Chu-Han War.
In April, it was defeated by Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu). Later, he personally led his troops to defend Xingyang (now northeast of Xingyang, Henan Province) and its elevation (now northwest of Xingyang), and fought against Xiang Yu for more than two years, eventually forcing Xiang Yu to form a Gulf alliance.
In December of five years, the Chu army marched through the camp (now east of Lu Yi, Henan Province and southeast of Lingbi, Anhui Province) and unified the world. In February, the emperor was located in Dingtao (now northwest of Dingtao, Shandong Province), and established the Han Dynasty.
Liu bang complied with the people's hearts and knew people well, so he was able to defeat and fight again and again. He discussed the gains and losses of the Chu-Han War with other generals, and thought that he won mainly by reusing Sean, Han Xin and Xiao He.
After seven years as emperor, he made many personal expeditions, and successively put down the rebellions of Yan Zangcha, Chu Ji, Yang Xiahou Chen Yi, Huai Ying Bu, Lu Wan, etc., and divided Han Xin. It is necessary to have good relations with the Huns, appease the separatist forces in South Vietnam, attach importance to farming, stop fighting to support the people, and make the society tend to be stable and develop.
Xiang Yu and Liu Bang were partners in overthrowing the State of Qin. Later, Xiang Yu dominated, and Liu Bang was ambitious and unwilling to surrender to Xiang Yu, so he worked hard on his fief.
When the time was right, the Chu-Han War broke out. Xiang Yu gradually declined from the beginning, but Liu Bang did the opposite.
Liu bang defeated Xiang Yu who was good at fighting through various means and twists and turns. Finally, Xiang Yu was forced to commit suicide in Wujiang River, and Liu Bang proclaimed himself, saying that Xiao He chased Han Xin under the moon and asked Liu Bang to worship him as a general.
Liu Bang didn't know Han Xin before and thought he was just a nobody. After the meeting, Liu Bang and Han Xin had a talk. After Liu sat down, he asked Han Xin, and Prime Minister Xiao repeatedly recommended this general to me. So what is the general going to teach me? Han Xin said, thank you for your trust in Han Xin. Han Xin wants to ask your majesty, is it Wang Xiang who is competing with your majesty for the world today? Liu said yes, well, Han Xin said, you weigh it yourself. In terms of personal ability and charm, in terms of the strength and influence of your own group, can you compare with Wang Xiang? When I asked such a question, I came straight to the point, and Liu Bang couldn't answer it at once. Sima Qian wrote that Hanwang was "silent for a long time", that is, he was silent for a long time. Finally, I said three words, "Better than him", so Han Xin stood up, knelt down and said congratulations to your majesty, who was right. Even I, Han Xin, don't think you are as good as Xiang. Why congratulate him? Because he found that Liu Bang was a practical and truthful person, and this person was easy to deal with. We are most afraid that leaders who serve the leaders will not listen to the truth. He especially wants to hear lies and likes you to flatter him, so he can't do it. Liu bang is good. He doesn't want you to flatter him. It is easy for him to admit that I am inferior to him.
Han Xin went on to say, even so, Han Xin, I think, Wang Xiang is not invincible. He said that he had worked under Wang Xiang and knew Wang Xiang very well. Please allow me, Han Xin, to analyze Wang Xiang's character for you. What is Wang Xiang's personality like? There are two characteristics that seem to be advantages, but they are actually disadvantages. What's the first rule? Xiang Yu is a very heroic man, tall, powerful and brave.
History books say that Xiang Yu has the ability to carry the tripod, that is, the tripod, and he can carry it. And every time the war, Xiang Yu is from the front. Once he rushed into the enemy camp, he roared, and ten thousand people were silent and silent. You're scared by him. You can't compare with this Hanwang, but Xiang Yu doesn't know how to use talents. His talented people, kind people and brave people. Han Xin gave a four-word evaluation, "A man's courage". This is the courage of a small person, but also the courage of a loser.
Second, Xiang Yu is polite, soft-hearted, respectful and kind to people, but Xiang Yu is stingy. His generals fought on the front line and made contributions. Should I be an official title? Reward them? What does Wang Xiang do? He sealed it and sealed it, casting a seal for you. After the seal was cast, Xiang Yu held it in his hand, but he was reluctant to give it. He grinds it in his hand, grinds it over, and finally grinds it into a circle. He didn't give it to anyone. What's this called? This is called a woman's kindness. Kind? Small kindness and small benefit, tearful to send food, but sealed the official, not to give.
So two characteristics, seemingly advantages, are actually disadvantages. Besides, he also made some mistakes. For example, when he enfeoffed princes, he didn't reward them for their merits. Whoever has a good relationship with himself will be given a big one, and whoever has a bad relationship with himself will be given a small one, which is unpopular. Besides, he burned and killed all the way.
2. Ancient Chinese banquet, Liu Bangxiang's personality analysis 1. Xiang Yu and Liu Bang, the two protagonists of the Chu-Han dispute, are the two protagonists of the Chu-Han dispute in the history of China. Xiang Yu is an unstoppable 27-year-old overlord, and Liu Bang is an old man in his fifties. After Xiang Yu became a famous soldier, Liu Bang was an unknown peasant son. Xiang Yu received strict general training, Liu Bang himself was not a general, and there were many rabble assembled. After Xiang Yu ruled the world, the momentum was in full swing, while Liu Bang just sealed Hanwang, and the land was remote and dangerous. However, the wheel of history has undergone a dramatic reversal: Xiang Yu committed suicide at the age of 32 and lost everything; Liu Bang inherited the unified pattern of Qin Shihuang, unified the whole country and created the Han Dynasty which lasted for 400 years. How did this historical confrontation, known as the fierce battle between lions and wolves, come into being? Why did it become a classic lesson for future generations to review repeatedly? Second, they have the same characteristics: they dare to dream big, they don't care about secular evaluation, they have extraordinary endurance and endurance, and they have the ability to turn crises into opportunities. But why are their experiences so different? Xiang Yu-impatient and arrogant, but he is confident and positive. Liu Bang-likes to brag, but he is generous and good at making friends. Xiang Yu's failure was the result of relying too much on the military. He was born in a noble family and rose in the turmoil of the Qin Dynasty. He has the military talent to fight like a god. In just three years, he led the five-nation allied forces to attack Xianyang and Qin Dou. With his natural military talent and strict military training, he gradually made amazing achievements from the age of 27. He has insight in fighting, dares to take risks, and is good at rallying the hearts of foot soldiers with strong spiritual strength to form a strong force. He was supposed to be the next person to control the world after Qin Shihuang. However, after several years of confrontation with Liu Bang, who was twice as old and was born in a rough country, he was defeated on all sides in the "Chu-Han hegemony". Although he is good at fighting, his political strategy is not as good as that of wily Liu Bang. After the Qin Dynasty was destroyed, a series of impetuous actions, such as disturbing the people, burning the palace, sealing the king and killing the righteous emperor, triggered four public grievances and rebellions, and finally made Liu Bang, who was good at buying people's hearts, full-fledged and set an unbreakable trap. He was arrogant for a while, but he failed. However, all the losses have been reversed.
Liu Bang's genius lies in his generosity, preferring to fight for wisdom rather than strength. This is why Liu Bang can stand out in the turbulent and complicated times. Third, the reasons for Xiang Yu's failure. First, he lacks strategy and vision, and no politician reads Sima Qian's Historical Records. He learned that Xiang Yu was a hero. He was born with divine power, "all children in Wuzhong are afraid of it." He has great ambitions. Just because he promised Xiang Bo to "meet" Liu Bang, he set Liu Bang free in the net at the Hongmen banquet, regardless of his father's "Shower III". The enemy defeated Wujiang, and he refused to board the lifeboat of Wujiang Tingchang. Facing the jungle behind him, he laughed to death. Xiang Yu, the hero, finally committed suicide. A sad song rang out in his ear. Xiang Yu attributed his failure to bad luck until his death. However, is it really just bad luck? Some people say that Xiang Yu's biggest mistake was that he didn't listen to his adviser Fan Zeng at the Hongmen banquet, and even set the tiger free, which led to the final failure. This failure shows that Xiang Yu is a person who can't see the direction clearly politically and can't tell the truth from the false. He can't use his quick wits in a dangerous situation. How does he lead everyone to success? Secondly, Xiang Yu's personality has extremely serious defects: 1, short-sighted, complacent, foolhardy and lacking in magnanimity. Reading the history books carefully, we can see that there are extremely serious defects in Xiang Yu's character: he is ambitious but short-sighted; Love vanity, there is no lack of self-satisfied small-scale peasant consciousness; Everything is brave first, wisdom is behind, cruelty is more than enough, and kindness is not enough; Lack of magnanimous monarch temperament. This decided his life. He should be just an all-powerful general, but he has no emperor's mind. His real mistake is not whether he killed Liu Bang, but his own insurmountable personality weakness. Even if he killed Liu Bang at the Hongmen banquet, he would be defeated by Zhang Bang, Wang Bang and Li Bang in the future. Lack of magnanimous monarch temperament. Let's take a look at several episodes in Historical Records: Xin 'an. Zhang Han led his troops to surrender. Xiang Yu did not give good supervision to surrender, but turned it into his own use. But because of fear of refusing to accept surrender, he "attacked more than 200 thousand chi at night." Xinfeng hongmen Xiang Yu was furious when he heard that Liu Bang was going to be king in Guanzhong, and he wanted to crush Liu Bang's100000 army with 400 troops. Obviously, King Xiang Yu of Takamatsu got carried away, so he listened to Xiang Bo and "met" Liu Bang. This led to Fan Zeng's eternal regret of "counting the princes" and "the princes should not be silent" at the Hongmen banquet. After Xiang Yu entered the customs, he "led the troops to slaughter Xianyang in the west, kill Qin, and burn Qin Gong. He did not put out the fire in March, and collected his goods to the east with precious women." Seeing that Xiang Yu's vision was so short-sighted, the exhorter was disheartened and said, "People say that Chu people' bathe monkeys and crown their ears'. Sure enough, "Xiang Yu was furious and" cooked ". In the winter of the second year of Han Dynasty, Tian Rong rebelled because of improper sealing. After Xiang Yu's counter-insurgency, "Tian Rong, an old, weak woman and child, was cheated and went to the North Sea.
3. What kind of person is Liu Bang? Specifically, he wants to introduce Liu Bang, the ancestor of the Han Dynasty (256 BC-65438 BC +65438 June, 095+0). Qin was then the curator of Surabaya Pavilion, set off for Yu Pei (now Peixian County, Jiangsu Province), and later became the founding emperor of Han Dynasty (Western Han Dynasty).
Born in the civilian class. Before he became emperor, he was also called Pei Gong and Wang Hanzhong.
He truly unified the divided China, and at the same time gradually condensed the divided people's hearts, making a decisive contribution to the unification of the Han nationality, the unification of China and the protection and development of Chinese culture. * * * Comments: Liu Bang is the most powerful feudal emperor.
"Liu Bang was a hero who was called' open-minded and willing to make suggestions' by historians in feudal times. Liu Bang and Xiang Yu fought for several years, and it was no accident that Liu Bang won and Xiang Yu lost.
Liu Bang was able to defeat Xiang Yu because Liu Bang was different from Xiang Yu, who was born in a famous family. He is familiar with social life and understands people's psychology. Liu Bang, the emperor gaozu of Han Dynasty, was stronger than Xiang Yu, the overlord of Western Chu. He got the right decision and the right person's choice in the world.
Comments on Ancient and Modern Figures by Tang Enbi, a well-known western historian and master of history in the 20th century, indicate that the two most farsighted political figures in human history have the greatest influence on later generations, one is Caesar, who founded the Roman Empire, and the other is Liu Bang, the Emperor Gaozu who founded the Han civilization. The Roman Empire founded by Caesar immediately perished, while Liu Bang created the Han civilization for more than 400 years.
The person who will unify the world in the future should be a person with Liu Bang's thoughts.
Cai Mo, a historian in the Spring and Autumn Annals, said: The family declined, followed by Liu Lei, learned and worked for Confucius, followed by Fan Jia. Doctor Fan also said, "There was a surname in the ancestors, a surname in the Xia Dynasty, a wealthy surname in the Shang Dynasty, a surname in Tang Dou in the Zhou Dynasty and a surname in the Xia Dynasty."
Fan was a scholar in the Jin Dynasty, and Duke Wen of Lu went to the Qin Dynasty. Later, he returned to Jin, and his position was Liu.
During the Warring States Period, Liu was granted the title of Wei by Qin. Qin destroyed Wei and moved Liang, all in Feng (now Fengxian County, Jiangsu Province), so Yong Chi said, "Feng, so Liang moved."
It is a tribute to Gao Zuyun: "The Han emperor came from the Tang emperor. Falling in Zhou, Liu fell in Qin.
He was involved in Wei and went east, so he became a rich man. "Feng Gong, cover dad's dad.
Its migration is shallow and its grave is rich. When Gao Zu ascended the throne, he set up a shrine to worship officials, and there must be Qin, Jin, Liang and Jing wizards, all of whom were enshrined in the shrine. Don't believe this, because it was pushed. The Han Dynasty inherited Yao Yun, and virtue has already flourished. The snake is broken and the symbol is written. The flag is red, in harmony with the virtue of fire. The natural response is the unification of heaven and earth.
-Ban Gu's Hanshu.
4. Urgent for an ancient story about Liu Bang and Xiang Yu (not too long, three articles, urgent) 1. Hongmen Banquet "Hongmen Banquet" is a historical biography created by Sima Qian, a historian and writer of Han Dynasty, based on Historical Records and Biography of Xiang Yu.
After the demise of the Qin Dynasty (206 BC), the leaders of two anti-Qin armies, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang, held a banquet in Hong Men on the outskirts of Xianyang, the capital of Qin Dynasty. The full text is centered on the confession of Liu Bang's Xiang Ying camp, which is divided into three parts: before and after the camp. Beginning with Cao's informer, Xiang Yu decided to attack, ending with Xiang Yu being attacked and Cao being punished. The story unfolds layer by layer according to whether Xiang Yu attacked and whether Liu Bang could escape safely.
2. Embattled-Sima Qian's "Historical Records of Xiang Yu" In the Western Han Dynasty, Xiang Yu and Liu Bang originally agreed that the East and West of the Gorge (in today's Rongxian County, Jia Luhe) would be the boundary for mutual non-aggression. Later, Liu Bang followed the advice of Sean and Chen Ping, and thought that Xiang Yu should be destroyed when he was weak. Then he chased Xiang Yu's army with Han Xin, Peng Yue and Liu Jia, and chased Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu) eastward.
Finally, several layers of troops were arranged to tightly surround Xiang Yu (in the southeast of Lingbi County, Anhui Province). At this time, Xiang Yu's soldiers were few and there was no food.
In the evening, when I heard the troops around him singing the folk songs of Chu, I couldn't help but be very surprised and say, "Did Liu Bang get Chu?" Why are there so many people in his army? "Say, the in the mind has lost the morale, then get out of bed and drink in the camp; Sing with his favorite concubine Yu Ji.
After singing, I cried, and everyone around me was very sad, and they all felt that they could not lift their heads. After a while, Xiang Yu got on his horse and escaped from the south with only 800 cavalry.
Run away and fight, commit suicide by Wujiang River. 3. Ambush on all sides-Battle under the Sea (Sima Qian's Chronicle of the Great Ancestors of the Western Han Dynasty) During the struggle between Chu and Han, Hanwang Liu Bang reused Han Xin, a native of Huaiyin, and captured Wei, Zhao Wangxie, Yan Wang Zangcha and Qi Guang alive.
After being made King of Qi by Liu Bang, he led 300,000 troops to join forces with Peng Yue's army and besieged Xiang Yu in Gaixia (now southeast of Lingbi County, Suzhou City, Anhui Province). He used the tactics of flying daggers, forcing Xiang Yu to commit suicide in Wujiang River, and won a decisive victory. Extended data:
Characters experience of Xiang Yu: In his early years, he fought against Qin with his uncle Xiang Liang in Wuzhong.
After Xiang Liang was killed, he led the army to cross the river to rescue Zhao Wangxie. The Battle of Julu defeated the main force led by Wang Li, which led to the demise of Qin.
Claiming to be the overlord of the West Chu, he made Pengcheng (now Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province) his capital, made a general who contributed to Qin, and made the descendants of the nobles of the six countries king. Hanwang Liu Bang sent troops from Hanzhong, which set off a four-year dispute between Chu and Han.
Xiang Yu repeatedly defeated Liu Bang in the frontal battlefield. Peng Yue constantly destroyed the supplies of Chu troops in the rear.
Han Xin unified the north of the Yellow River and sent troops south. Xiang Yu's headstrong, suspicious father Fan Zeng, was defeated by Liu Bang.
In 202 BC, Xiang Yu retreated to Gaixia (now Lingbi County, Anhui Province) and attacked Wujiang River (now wujiang town County, Anhui Province). Finally, farewell my concubine, commit suicide in Wujiang River.