China calligraphy, seal cutting, Chinese knot, Peking Opera mask, shadow play, martial arts.

-Qin bricks, Han tiles, terracotta warriors and horses, peach blossom fans, cloisonne, jade carvings, China lacquerware and red lanterns (palace lanterns, gauze lanterns).

-Woodcut Watermark, Oracle Bone Inscriptions Bamboo Slips, Zhong Dingwen and Han Dynasty.

-Tea, traditional Chinese medicine, Four Treasures of the Study (inkstone, pen, rice paper and ink) and four great inventions.

-Vertical thread-bound books, paper-cuts and kites

-Buddhism, Taoism, Confucianism, magic weapon, Yin and Yang, Zen, Guanyin, mourning, paper money.

-Musical instruments (flute, erhu, drum, guqin, pipa, etc.). )

-Dragon and phoenix patterns (gluttonous patterns, wishful patterns, thunder patterns, palindromes and Ba patterns), auspicious clouds patterns and Chinese embroidery (embroidery, etc.). ) and cheng.

Painted pottery, teapots, batiks and porcelain.

-Ancient weapons (armor, swords, etc.). ) and bronzes.

2. Introduce some common sense of ancient culture

Ancient common sense Which of the following terms means "a congenial friend with a deep friendship"? In ancient times, the word "no doubt in years" meant (forty years old). Note 5 In ancient times, the word "Chun Qing" only referred to a woman (thirteen years old). In ancient times, "Ding" was originally a kind of (cooker) in ancient times. Historical books belonging to the twenty-four histories. The theory of five mountains has existed since ancient times, among which Mount Hengshan is called Nanyue. Note 7 "Yang" in ancient geography refers to (the mountains in the south and the water in the north), the ancient "posthumous title" refers to (the title dedicated to the emperor), and the four ancient art refers to (playing chess and drawing books) in China. What people call "three volts" appears in the lunar calendar (June), in which six animals (pigs, horses, cows, sheep, dogs and chickens) move to the left, which means that what the ancients called "dwelling in a humble abode" means (one's own home), and the four books in the "Four Books and Five Classics" are (The Analects of Confucius, The Doctrine of the Mean). "Soft" refers to (money) from 1 o'clock to 3: 00 a.m., which was called (C night) in ancient times, which is equivalent to (1-3 o'clock) in ancient China. Which of the following time periods refers to the current 19:00-2 1:00 (dusk)? In the China lunar calendar, the first day of each month is called (Dark Day). Which of the following is one of the basic colors of the famous "Three Colors of the Tang Dynasty" (white), which was called "Millennium Ice" (crystal) in ancient China and "Ji Jin" in ancient China? The ancients put saltpeter in a bamboo tube and lit it, which produced gunpowder and firecrackers. At first, it was used to ward off plagues and evil spirits. Sun Simiao, a famous doctor in Tang Dynasty, made outstanding contributions to one of the four major releases (gunpowder). The function of "water drain" invented in the Eastern Han Dynasty is to improve the quality of iron smelting. The earliest handicrafts were porcelain. The famous Zhao Zhouqiao is located in Hebei Province.

3. What are the ppt forms of China traditional culture?

In China, the word "culture" has existed since ancient times.

The original meaning of "Wen" refers to the interlaced texture of various colors, which means decoration and article. "Shuo Wen Jie Zi" said: "Wen, wrong painting, like writing."

Its extension includes all kinds of symbols, including language, cultural relics laws and regulations, etiquette system and so on. The original meaning of "transformation" is change, generation and creation. The so-called "all things are transformed" is extended to transformation, enlightenment and cultivation. "

China's ancient concepts of "culture" basically belong to the category of spiritual civilization and often correspond to "force", "martial arts" and "barbarism". They contain positive idealism and reflect the "female" and "soft" aspects of the general plan of governing the country, which have both political content and ethical significance. Secondly, this word was largely used as a verb in ancient times, and it was a method and proposition to govern society. It opposes military conquest, but it is related to it and complements each other. The so-called "courtesy before soldiers" is a martial art.

Some also include snacks, customs and other traditional cultures.

4. Ancient appellation knowledge

Ancient title Tang: The emperor called himself "I".

Besides, others sometimes call the emperor "I" or "Wu": In the Tang Dynasty, the emperor was often called a "saint", while those close to him called him "Saburo". Empress Dowager Cixi calls herself "Yu" when giving orders, and "I" when meeting ministers in the convenience hall, and she often takes "I" as the queen. I usually call myself "I" or "my" princess: for the emperor, I also call her "I" or "my" as the title of the prince: if you are close, you can call him by his nickname, and you can usually call him by his first name or rank. For example, a crown prince like Jiulang often uses "I" or "I" to address himself, and sometimes he can also use "I" to address the emperor or queen. The prince is often called "husband" by people around him; Kings are called "princes" and ordinary people: in traditional Chinese opera, there are often "xianggong" and "madam" between husband and wife. In fact, this was a very big mistake in the Tang and Song Dynasties! Basically, when a man and a woman say hello, whether they know each other or not, they can all be called "Miss", and the younger one can be called "Little Miss".

"Madam" doesn't mean wife here, so you can use it boldly. The word "xianggong" is strictly forbidden to be used casually! In the Tang dynasty, only the prime minister was called "xianggong"

Older people will also address young people as "Lang" or "",while most familiar men will address "Lang" by surname and line number. The surname is the main address for women, followed by "Niang". Emperor Song called himself "I".

In addition, sometimes people call the emperor a "minister" or "I": in the Song Dynasty, the emperor was called an "official". Empress claimed to be "Yu" when Empress Dowager Cixi gave orders, and "I" when she met the minister in the convenience hall. Many times, empresses call themselves "concubines, concubines, etc." or "concubines". Usually, they use "I" or "I" to address the empress dowager, queen and concubine. The emperor called his concubine a "lady" and the princess called herself "me" or "me" to the emperor. The emperor calls his son's nickname when he is intimate, but he can call him by his first name at ordinary times, plus some other things, such as rings and dogs.

The emperor's address to the princess: a little intimate can be called a nickname, usually by her name or by her title. Crown Princes and princes often call themselves "I" or "I". "Zi Chen" can be used for emperors or queens, and "Xiao Wang" can be used for servants.

The king is called "the prince". The emperor's address to brothers is generally called by official rank, such as "Big Brother" and "Tian Wen".

The same is true between the prince and the princess, or between the emperor's brother and sister. For example, Emperor Zhao Gou of Emperor Gaozong called his concubines "Twenty Sisters", while when Zhao Gou ascended the throne, his concubines called Zhao Gou "Nine Songs".

Eunuchs called the emperor and queen "villains" or "villains", not "slaves" of the Qing Dynasty. Ordinary people: In traditional Chinese opera, there are often "xianggong" and "madam" between husband and wife. In fact, this was a very big mistake in the Tang and Song Dynasties! Basically, when a man and a woman say hello, whether they know each other or not, they can all be called "Miss", and the younger one can be called "Little Miss".

"Madam" doesn't mean wife here, so you can use it boldly. It is worth noting that you can't use the name "miss" casually. Unfortunately, as early as the Song Dynasty, "Miss" meant "* * *".

The word "xianggong" is strictly forbidden to be used casually! In the Song Dynasty, in a narrow sense, it was limited to the honorific title of prime minister, but in fact, it may also be an ordinary senior official. For example, Yue Fei is called "xianggong". During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the official standard was particularly popular, even as important as surnames, names and people. Some people in the lower classes have only surnames and rankings, but no names, let alone people.

Therefore, in many cases, the first name is surname plus ranking, such as Yan Xiaoyi or Xiaoyi Brothers. Note that at that time, if you called others "men" or "old men", it contained considerable contempt.

Brief description of vocabulary in Song and Jin Dynasties: concubines and concubines in the court of Song Dynasty were called inner wives. External names: mothers and wives of officials in the Song Dynasty. , are titles awarded according to their official positions, such as Mrs. Guo and Mrs. County.

Bottom: Yes. Butler: Your Majesty.

Saint: The Queen. Empress: The Empress Dowager.

Madam: concubines. The residence of concubines in Song Palace.

Carboniferous: coal. Ying Yong: Ambassador Ying Yong for short.

Practical: Senior Sergeant of Song Jun. Soldiers in the Song Dynasty usually need tattoos, but the effect is often exempted from tattoos. Yan Zi: Jurchen vocabulary, official.

Mutt: Jurchen vocabulary, Jin Jun establishment unit, with 10,000 people. Mutt Percy: The husband is very long.

Meng An: Jurchen vocabulary, compiled by Jin Jun, full 1000 people. Violet of Meng 'an: A Thousand Commanders.

Mou Ke: Jurchen vocabulary, Jin Jun establishment unit, full of 100 people. Mou Kezhen: Centurion.

Pu Yan: Jurchen vocabulary, Jin Jun establishment unit, full of 50 people. Corydalis: fifty husbands long.

Ali Xi: Jurchen vocabulary, follower of Jin soldiers. Wabohela: Jurchen vocabulary, knocking and killing, which is a popular execution method of Jurchen.

General matters: translation. Shaman: Jurchen vocabulary, wizard.

Pucha: Jurchen's surname. Peiman: Jurchen.

Wu Lin answered: Jurchen's surname. ACTS: Jurchen surname.

Xie Mao: Jurchen surname. Gu Lijia: Jurchen's surname.

Winton: Jurchen's surname. A Dian: Jurchen surname.

Oracle bones: Jurchen surname. Nora: Jurchen's surname.

Female Xi Lie: Jurchen surname. Han Er: The Jin Dynasty called it the * * * of the former Liao Dynasty.

Southerners: Jin Dynasty called it * * * of Song Dynasty. Hook and draw: draw.

Dazi: the abbreviation of University in Senior Ministerial Office. Zhu Banzhi: The guards of the Emperor of the Song Dynasty were organized by Zhu Banzhi, collectively known as Zhu Banzhi.

Joan Rong Zhi: A class, a military band. Command: Song Jun has prepared 400 or 500 troops for each command.

Dude: Boys, youths, young servants. Maid: A hired maid.

Miss: * *. The first line: beautiful prostitute.

Shige: referred to as Zhilong Tuge. Scheeren: Short for Scheeren in Chinese books.

Observation: observation is called observation for short. Revision: The Secret Pavilion revised the abbreviation.

Dispatch: Song Dynasty officials.

5. All appellations in ancient China.

The honorifics commonly used in China's ancient address book (1) are "such as, er, zi, er, gong, jun" and so on.

(2) Those who use nouns as honorifics are: "Sir, my son"; Use the place where the other party is located or the people under his command to represent the other party, such as "first step, your majesty, your Excellency, deacon, left and right"; Address each other by official position, such as "king, doctor, general, son". (3) Adjectives are used to address: respect for the government, respect for brothers, respect for drivers and respect for wives; Good brothers and good wives; My dear brother, my dear brother; Your body, your surname, your Geng; , high diligence, high neighborhood and; Gifts, masterpieces and preparations.

2. Modesty: Modesty is a kind of self-proclaimed modesty, which can be divided into two types: one is "I", which can be divided into four categories: the other is to use one's surname or first name to express modesty. The second category is to use "minister, servant, so-and-so, villain" to claim to be sorry.

The third category is that women often use "concubine, maid, slave and maid" to express their apologies. The fourth category is that the monarch often uses "I am widowed and unwilling to be lonely" to express modesty.

The second is to address people related to themselves, which can be divided into three types: one is to use adjectives to express modesty, and the common ones are: silly brother, silly brother, silly opinion and silly meaning; Our country, our city; Cheap body, cheap body, cheap interest (called son in front of the emperor), wife; My daughter, children, trumpet. Chen Wei; Humble position.

The second is to use verbs to express modesty, which are common: stealing ideas, stealing ideas and stealing smells; Fu Wei (ground thinking, use it when you talk to your elders) and Wen Fu. The third is to use nouns to express modesty.

Politeness to your brother in front of others can be called "home" and "my father, my husband and my family respect my family". "My mother, my home" refers to my mother; "Brother" means his brother. In front of others, we use "she" to address our younger or junior relatives. "Little brother" is a little brother and "nephew" is a nephew.

Both "home" and "house" can be translated as "mine". Third, other appellations claim to be in front of others.

The emperor calls himself a villain, the old man calls himself an old man, the young man calls himself a younger brother in front of the old man, the monk calls himself a poor monk, and the average person calls himself me. Modesty is self-assertion.

He called it addressing others. For example, the woman who accompanies the bride is called "maid of honor", the aristocratic woman is called "madam", and "madam" is called the wife of a vassal in ancient times, and later it is used to address the wife of ordinary people, the old man is called "father-in-law" and the young man is called "husband".

Your title belongs to him. A contemptuous address is to address others in a contemptuous tone, such as "vertical, boy, woman."

Appropriate appellations are some established appellations. For example, the woodcutter is called "woodcutter", the boatman is called "boat", and the outstanding figures of the country are called "Guo Shi".

Substitution refers to borrowing other appellations to replace the original appellations, such as "fu" for women, "Liyuan" for troupe and "Xie You" for comedians. Surrogacy belongs to metonymy in rhetoric.

Idiom is to address someone with a customary title. For example, Lao Zi refers to Lao Zi (Li Er) and Zhuangzi (Zhuang Zhou) and their theories, while Jiao Han Dao Shu refers to Meng Jiao and Jia Dao.

Appellations of people of different ages: people are called babies when they are born, and those who are less than one year old are called swaddling clothes. 2 to 3 years old are called children.

A seven-year-old girl's name is Li Nian. It is said that a boy was very young when he was seven years old.

10 years old, called Huangkou. The year from 13 to 15 is called the year of dancing spoon.

15 to 20 years old is called the Year of Dancing Elephants. /kloc-A girl of 0/2 years old is called the Year of Chai Jin.

13-year-old girl is called cardamom. Girl 15 years old.

16 years old is called jasper age; At the age of 20, he was called Tao Li Nianhua. 24 years old, known as Huaxin Nianhua; The year when a woman gets married is called the plum year.

A man at the age of 20 is called a weak crown. 30 years old is the year of standing.

40 years old is called the year of no doubt. 50 years old is called the year of know life.

60 years old is called the year of sixty or the year of hearing. At the age of 70, 70.

80 years old is called the year of the pole dynasty. 80 to 90 years old is called the He Miaomiao era.

100 years old. In addition, there are childhood terms, juvenile terms, women to be married terms, years or words terms, old people terms, longevity terms and so on.

Social language and dating appellation: say "I've heard a lot about you" when meeting for the first time; Use "wait" to wait for guests; The other party's letter is called "Shu Hui"; Ask someone to help say "I'm sorry"; Ask people to do things with "please"; Ask someone to give directions and use "instructions"; Praise people's views with "high praise"; Ask for forgiveness and say "tolerance"; The age of the elderly requires "longevity"; When the guests come, use "coming"; Use "goodbye" with others; Visit others with "visit"; Please don't send "leave"; Trouble others to say "I'm sorry"; Ask for convenience and say "excuse me"; Find someone to teach and say "consult"; Welcome to buy is called "patronage"; Long time no see "long time no see"; Use "loss compensation" in the middle first; Use "axe correction" to present the work. Relatives and friends politely call their parents Gao Tang, Chun Xuan, parents and knees.

My parents simply call me dad and Yan Jia; My mother, my family. Father's death name: My father, strictness is the first, and exams are the first.

Mother's death is called: first mother, first kindness, first son. Brothers and sisters are called brothers, brothers, sisters and sisters.

Brother's name is Kun Zhong and brother. Husband and wife are called husband and wife, spouse and partner.

The death of peers is called: dead brother, brother, sister, wife. Other people's parents say: your father, your mother.

Although the brother and sister are called: your brother and sister. Although people and children are called: your son, you Yuan.

Wife and father are called: father-in-law, father-in-law and Mount Tai. Other people's homes are called: government, respected government.

My home is called my humble abode, my shed and my thatched cottage. Men and women are collectively referred to as: men are called men and women are called women.

The death of a husband and wife is called widowhood. The teacher said: teacher, master.

The student said: protege, career. The school said: cold window, chicken window.

Classmate said: Classmate. Ancient appellation collection: baby: less than one year old.

Child: Two to three years old. At first, the girl was seven years old.

First year: the boy is eight years old. General angle: the general term for childhood.

The year of hanging steamed buns: refers to children. Yellow button: under ten years old.

Kindergarten: ten years old. Chai Jin year: girl 12 years old.

Cardamom years: female 13 years old. Annals: 15 years old.

And logistics: female 15 years old. Jasper's youth broke the melon: woman 16.

Weak crown: 20 years old. Tao: Female, 20 years old.

Playboy: female, 24 years old. Standing: 30.

There is no doubt: 40 years old. Fate: 50 years old.

Distinguish between right and wrong: 50 years old. I heard the year of marriage: 60 years old.

Gu Xi: 70 years old. People in their eighties and nineties.

Yi: centenarians.

6. What were the names in ancient times?

From ancient times to the present, the appellations of infant, young, young, strong, middle-aged and old in China are really varied, elegant and interesting.

Under one year old -2-3 years old as a baby -7 years old as a child girl -8 years old as a boy-generally referred to as "childhood"-The total angle is1under 0 years old-Huangkou 13~ 15 years old-Dance spoon age 15 years old (female)-and age. The words in The Book of Songs, such as Poem/Feng Wei/Self-protection, banquet in general perspective, Qi Feng/Fu Tian, are all in general perspective.

In the future, it will be called childhood "total angle". Preface to Tao Yuanming's Poem Murong: "The general angle hears the Tao, and the white poem achieves nothing."

Look down: refers to childhood. In ancient times, boys were not crowned and their hair drooped, so "crying" was used to refer to childhood.

Pan Yue's "Borrowing Land Fu": "Being shaken by Brown is always looked down upon." Bundle hair: refers to teenagers.

Generally speaking, it means 15 years old. At this time, you should learn all kinds of skills. Dai Dai Li Ji/Fu Bao: "Go to college, learn big skills and perform big festivals."

Logistics: refers to female 15 years old. From the Book of Rites, "A woman ... died five years ago".

"Cue" means for marriage, which means that you have reached the age of marriage. Waiting year: refers to the adult marriage of women, also known as "waiting word".

Later Han Dynasty/Empress Cao said that "the young stay in the country". In the future, women's marriage age will be called "waiting year".

"Selected Works/Wensong Emperor Yuan Empress's Funeral Policy": "I am waiting for the New Year, and my golden voice is vibrating." Weak crown: refers to a 20-year-old man

In the Book of Rites/Quli, it is said that "twenty is weak and the crown is high". The ancient man was crowned at the age of 20, indicating that he had reached adulthood.

Zuo Si wrote in a poem "Ode to History": "A weak crown makes a gentleman stand out from the crowd." Standing: refers to 30 years old.

The Analects of Confucius/Politics stands at thirty. In the future, thirty will be called the year of "standing".

Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio/Monk Changqing: "When a friend comes to his hometown, respect him, and see that he is silent and sincere, he is only young." There is no doubt: it means 40 years old.

The Analects of Confucius/Politics is "forty without confusion". In the future, use "no confusion" to represent 40 years old.

Ying Kun's "Answer to Han Wenxian's Letter": "My first year, I am not confused." Ai: It means 50 years old.

The Book of Rites/Qu Lishang's Fifty Words of Love. Old people have pale hair.

"The Popular Romance of the Republic of China" 37 times: "... I have reached the age of Ai, what am I dissatisfied with?" Flower armor: refers to 60 years old. Named after heavenly stems and earthly branches's intricate name.

Ji Chenggong's Chronicle of Tang Poetry (Volume 66): "(Zhao Mu) Li Changji, a middle school student in Xian Tong, wrote a short song and said to the wine,' Manually spend sixty flowers, and the cycle is like a pearl'." Gu Xi: It means 70 years old.

From Du Fu's Qujiang Poems: "Wine and debts are everywhere, and life is seventy years old." Also known as "Gu Xi".

Whitehead: refers to old age, also known as "Whitehead". "The Biography of Lu Qiang in the Later Han Dynasty": "Therefore, Duan Ying, the commander in chief, is the best in the world and is used to border affairs with outstanding achievements."

Yellow hair: refers to the long-lived elderly. The book of songs, such as "poem/truffle/palace" and "Huangfa Taipei".

The old man's hair turned from white to yellow. Cao Zhi's "Giving a White Horse to Wang Biao": "Wang Qi loves the county and enjoys the yellow hair period."

Tao Yuanming's Peach Blossom Garden: "I am yellow and I am happy." Chubei: refers to the long-lived elderly.

The Book of Songs commonly includes Poetry/Elegance/Walking Reed, Huangtaipei, Taitai, Tun and so on. Erya/Poetic Art: "A broken back leads to a long life."

The old man has spots on his back like mackerel. Period: refers to a hundred years old.

Language "Book of Rites/Quli Shang" is "a hundred years, easy". It is said that centenarians depend on their children and grandchildren to support them.

Su Rub's "Two Rhymes and Three Trilogy": "You might as well build it around and count the days." Reader's Digest 1983 The first issue of soup and cake: the baby was born in three dynasties, which is called "soup and cake period".

This language is Liu Yuxi's "Send a Wash Poem". First degree: refers to the first year of a child's life.

From The Story of Childhood Learning by Qing Dynasty writer Cheng. Later, it was also commonly called "the first birthday". For example, the 60th birthday was called "60th birthday".

Spoon: refers to children. The language "Biography of Han Poetry" Volume 1: "Male was born with teeth in August and toothless at the age of eight.

A woman has teeth in July and teeth at the age of seven ... "Teaching age: refers to a nine-year-old child. Year of foreign happiness: refers to a ten-year-old child.

Dance spoon year: refers to the age of thirteen for children. All the above are from Ji.

The year of broken melon: refers to a sixteen-year-old woman. This is the old literati who split the word "melon" into two words to mark the year.

"Popular Edition/Women": "Song Xieyou's Ci:' A boy with a broken melon has a small waist'. According to custom, it is wrong to beat a woman to pieces.

The word melon is broken into two characters, and it is said that it is 286 years old. The year of broken melons is also called sixty-four.

"Popular Compilation" says: "If you give Zhang:' Success should be in the year of breaking melons', then he will be 8864 years old". In the year of having a house, men take women as their houses and women take men as their homes, so the year of having a house is the year of getting married.

The language is "Li/Qu Li Shang". The year of the Zhang family: refers to fifty years old.

Year of Zhang Xiang: refers to sixty years old. Zhang Guo year: refers to 70 years old.

Age of the staff: eighty years old. All the above titles are from Wang Zhi.

Summer harvest: sixty years old. Tadashi: Eighty years old.

Shang Shou: One hundred years old. The above topic comes from Zhuangzi.

Flowers reopen: 120 years old. Celebrate both antiquity and rarity: 140 years old.

In addition, people over the age of 60 are collectively referred to as "old people" and people over the age of 80 are called "otters". Others refer to the elderly as "Dragon Bell" and "Down and Out Year".

"Guang Yun": "Dragon bells, bamboo, the old man shaking like a bamboo branch, forbidden to hold. People's embarrassment, the flowing water of the Tao is also blocked, such as people's experience, so the cloud. "

[Old name for men and women] Less than one year old-baby; 2~3 years old-childhood; Girls are 7 years old-years old; The boy is 8 years old-the year of aging; Youth is generally called-total angle; 10 years old-Huangkou; 13~ 15 years old-the year of dancing spoon.

7. 50 cases of ancient cultural common sense

The nickname of the moon is the most prominent description object of natural objects mentioned in ancient poems.

Its nicknames can be divided into: (1) Because the first moon is like a hook, it is called a silver hook and a jade hook. (2) Because the string moon is like a bow, it is called jade bow and bow moon.

(3) The full moon is called golden wheel, jade wheel, silver plate, jade plate, golden mirror and jade mirror because it is like a wheel, a plate and a mirror. (4) It is said that there are rabbits and toads on the moon, so they are called silver rabbits, jade rabbits, golden toads, silver toads and the moon.

(5) According to legend, there are laurel trees in the middle of the month, so they are called Gui Yue, Guilun, Guigong and Guiling. (6) According to legend, there are two palaces in the middle of the month, namely Guanghan Palace and Qingxu Palace, so they are called Guanghan Palace and Qingxu Palace.

(7) Because it is said that the moon drives the gods, it is called Wang Shu. It is said that Chang 'e lives in the middle of the month, so the moon is called Chang 'e.

(9) Because people often compare beautiful women to the moon, they call the moon Chanjuan. China is now short for People's Republic of China (PRC).

But it is a polysemous word in ancient literature. From the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Song, Yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, it is often used to refer to the Central Plains.

For example, Mencius' "Qi Huan Jinwen Poetry": "Go to China and care for the four foreigners." Sima Guang Battle of Red Cliffs: "If we can compete with China with the people of wuyue, it is better to give up early."

"Drive China scholars to travel far and wide." In ancient China, the Huaxia people lived in the Yellow River valley, so they were called "Huaxia", and later they were often used to refer to the Central Plains.

For example, The History of the Three Kingdoms: "Its land is connected to China in the east and the western regions in the west." Today, it has become another name for China.

According to Kyushu legend, China was divided into nine administrative regions in ancient times. These countries are named Ji, Yan, Qing, Xu, Yang, Jing, Yu, Liang and Yong. Later, it became another name for China.

Lu You said in a poem: "Only when you die will you know that everything is empty, but you will see the sadness of Kyushu." "On Qin" "Eight States are in the same column", Qin lives in Yongzhou and adds eight States, that is, Kyushu.

The Central Plains is also called Middle Earth and Zhongzhou. The Central Plains in a narrow sense refers to the present Henan Province, and the Central Plains in a broad sense refers to the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River or the whole Yellow River basin.

For example, the "model": "When the award leads to the three armies, it will be set in the Central Plains in the North." Lu You's poem "Shizi" says: "Julian Waghann set the Central Plains Day in the north, and the family sacrifice did not forget to tell Naiweng."

Refers to the whole Yellow River basin. In ancient times, it was said that China was surrounded by the sea, so it was called inland.

Ren Zhou Shu of Du Shaofu, Wang Bo: "However, as long as China keeps our friendship, as long as heaven is our neighbor." Sima Guang Battle of Red Cliffs: "There was chaos at sea, and the general set out for Jiangdong."

See Within the Four Seas. It refers to the world and the whole country.

For example, Jia Yi's On Qin "has the meaning of sweeping the world, including the whole world." "Battle of Red Cliffs": "Then Jingzhou was broken, and it was a great shock to the world."

"Epang Palace Fu": "Six kings finish, four seas-"Five-person tomb tablet: "How many people are there in the world?" Liuhe Sifang refers to the world in general.

For example, "After Qin Dynasty, I became a Liuhe" and "Then I took Liuhe as my home and dice letter as my palace". Li Bai's "Antique" poem: "Qin Wang sweeps Liuhe, look at it!" Far away places in all directions are still called "the world".

"On Qin": "It contains the meaning of the four seas and swallows the heart of the eight wastes." Liang Qichao's Young China said: "Although there are ages, there are eight great famines."

Many articles on ancient rivers specifically mention the Yangtze River and the Yellow River. For example, "The Hongmen Banquet": "Generals fight against Henan and ministers fight against Hebei."

"On Qin": "Then we will strengthen the city, because the river is a pool." "The Battle of Dishes": "The father of Chu Yang, a minister, chased it and became a river."

Another example is Ode to Sisters, in which "Jiang" refers to the Yangtze River and "He" refers to the canal. Jiangzuo is Jiangdong.

The ancients Zuo Dong right west. "Heroes will be recruited by Jiang Gan": "That is, the order is to call Jiang Zuoying Jie to pick up his children."

The river is south of the Yangtze River. Battle of Red Cliffs: "Jiang is a hero, and salt is attached to it."

Jiangnan is the general name of the area south of the Yangtze River, and the areas referred to vary from time to time. Bai Juyi said: "Jiangnan is good, and the scenery has been cooked."

Wang Anshi's poem says, "Spring breeze is green in Jiang Nanan. When will the bright moon shine on me? " Huaizuo, east of Huaishui.

"Yangzhou Slow" "Huai Zuo Du Ming, Zhu Xi Jia Chu", Yangzhou is in the east of Huai River. Shandong, as its name implies, is to the east of the mountain.

However, it should be noted that because the "mountain" of "Shandong" can refer to several different mountains such as Lushan, Huashan, Taihang Mountain and Taishan Mountain, the areas referred to are not the same. The following is the standard "Shandong" of Lushan Mountain.

For example, Hanshu once mentioned that "Shandong produces a map and Shanxi produces a general". Hongmen Banquet: "When Pei Gong lived in Shandong, he was greedy for money."

"On Qin": "Shandong Haojun rises together and Qin family dies." The ancient Kanto refers to the area east of Hanguguan or Tongguan, and the modern refers to the northeast area east of Shanhaiguan.

Cao Cao's "Hao Li Xing": "There are righteous men in Kanto, fighting for the heroes." Refers to the area east of Tongguan.

Kansai refers to the area west of Hanguguan or Tongguan. Battle of Red Cliffs: "Ma Chao and Han Sui are still in Kansai, which is the future trouble of Cao Cao."

Guanzhong refers to different areas, and the ancients used to call the area west of Hangu Pass Guanzhong. "The Hongmen Banquet": "Pei Gong wants to be the king of Guanzhong and make Zi Ying the phase."

"On Qin": "The heart of the first emperor thought it was fixed in Guanzhong." In ancient times, the western regions were called Xinjiang and its western regions.

Yandang Mountain: "According to western books, Arhat Norodom lived on the back of Furong Peak in Yandang Mountain in the southeast of Sinian." Shuomo refers to the desert in the north, or "Shuowang" for short, refers to the north.

Herb picking: "Mastering ink is peach, plum and Xia Rong." "Mulan Poetry": "The new moon spreads gold, and the cold light shines iron clothes."

The new moon refers to the wind in the north. Lin's Fengxueshan Temple "returning to the north wind" refers to the north wind.

Baiyue is also known as Baiyue and Zhu Yue. In ancient times, Yue people lived in all parts of Guangdong, collectively known as Baiyue.

In ancient Chinese, it often refers to the southern region. On Qin dynasty, "take the land of Baiyue in the south", "collect herbs" and "all say peach, plum and winter fruit".

The floorboard of the five famous mountains in Wuyue, namely Mount Taishan in Dongyue, Huashan in Xiyue, Songshan in Zhongyue, Hengshan in Beiyue and Hengshan in Nanyue. Climbing Mount Tianmu in my dream: "Climbing to the top of the Five Mountains, the shadow runs through China."

The capital of gyeonggi province and its surrounding areas. Zuo anecdote: "Zuo Xiangzu, a public school in Gyeonggi."

In the Western Han Dynasty, Sanfu initially referred to three officials in charge of the Gyeonggi area, and later referred to the areas under the jurisdiction of these three officials. "Zhang Hengchuan": "Hengshan Mountain belongs to the literature and swims in the third auxiliary."

"Remember Zhong Wang's Su Gong Ao:" A man and a woman married the wife of an official in Kyrgyzstan. " After the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was referred to as "auxiliary" for short.

Sanqin refers to the Guanzhong area west of Tongguan. After Xiang Yu destroyed Qin, he was once.