Zhuge Liang was frustrated in his early years, so he lived in seclusion in Xilong Zhongshan, Xiangyang City. In 207 AD, Liu Bei, who was eager for wisdom, paid attention to Zhuge Liang, who brilliantly analyzed the situation in the world and put forward the road of uniting Wu and Cao Cao, also known as "Longzhong Dui". This is a correct political and military line put forward by Zhuge Liang for Liu Bei, and it is also the action program of Zhuge Liang all his life. Since then, Liu Bei's career has taken a turn for the better.
In 208 AD, Cao Cao led 300,000 troops south to Jingzhou. Zhuge Liang, with his extraordinary wisdom and courage, sent messengers to Wu Dong to persuade Wu Dong to fight Cao Cao and win the victory in Battle of Red Cliffs, thus winning a foothold for Liu Bei. After Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, he became prime minister and knew Ge Liang like the back of his hand. In 223 AD, Liu Chan, the queen of Shu, succeeded to the throne, and Zhuge Liang was made the marquis of Wuxiang, who was in charge of Yizhou animal husbandry. He made great efforts to govern, strictly rewarded and punished, and implemented the policy of reclaiming farmland, which improved the relationship between the southwest nationalities and Shu Han and was conducive to the development of local economy and culture. He made six northern expeditions to the Central Plains. In 234 AD, he died of overwork in Wuzhangyuan and was buried in Dingjun Mountain (now southeast of Mianxian County, Shaanxi Province).
Zhuge Liang lived in 227. Twenty-seven years before 207 A.D. was the preparation stage of his self-cultivation and determination to use the world. After his success, he did not go north to Cao Cao, nor did he go south to surrender to Sun Quan. But to assist Liu Bei, who is "a minor celebrity". This is of course an objective Harada, but it is no accident. The reason why he chose the road of rejuvenating the Han Dynasty shows that he is an orthodox thinker who adheres to feudal principles and advocates Confucian loyalty and morality. The twenty-seven years from 207 to 234 A.D. was the stage of knowing Ge Liang and being loyal to Shu Han. Both the former master and the later master trusted him very much. He doesn't follow Confucian dogma. He respects the king, but does not harass foreigners. He made a southern tour to appease foreigners and implemented the best ethnic policy among the three countries. He knows the law and violates the law, and he is upright and upright. He runs the army with Wu and fights to the last breath with the selfless dedication of "doing his best and dying". His spirit of loyalty to the monarch and serving the country was deeply loved by Shu people before his death and admired by later generations for a long time after his death, which became the heritage of China traditional culture.
Brief introduction of Cao Cao
Cao Cao, born in 154, was born in Qiao County (Hao County, Anhui Province). After Cao Can, the prime minister of the Western Han Dynasty, his grandfather, Cao Teng, became an official during the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. His father, Cao Song, became Cao Teng's adopted son and changed his surname to inherit the Marquis. In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Cao Cao's nicknames Ashun and Geely were mentioned, hence the name Cao Aman. In his youth, Cao Cao was resourceful and alert, but he was willful, chivalrous and unruly. Therefore, no one in the society thinks he has any special talents, only Qiao Xuan of Liang thinks he is different. Xuan said to Cao Cao: "The world will be chaotic, and those who can be safe cannot help!" In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Nanyang Yu and Page said to him: "If the Han family dies, the world will be safe, and this person will also!" Xu Shao, a word general, is famous for knowing people. He once said to Cao Cao, "Zi can rule the world, and troubled times are traitors." In A.D. 184, the Yellow Scarf Uprising took place at the end of the Han Dynasty, and Dong Zhuo died. He was in chaos and fought in the south and the north. In 10, Cao Cao defeated Yuan Shao's 65,438+10,000 troops in Guandu (northeast of zhongmou county, Henan) and in Cangting (northeast of guanxian, Henan) in 20 1 0. In 208 AD, Cao Cao unified northern China and became the prime minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty. In July, 208, Cao Cao conquered Liu Biao, Jingzhou, and in February, 65438, he fought with Sun Liu's allied troops in Chibi and lost. 2 1 1 In July, Cao Cao led his troops to attack Ma Chao in the west, which laid the foundation for the whole state of Wei. In 2 13, Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty appointed Cao Cao as Wang Wei. In 220 AD, Cao Cao died in Luoyang at the age of 66. Posthumous title "Prince of Wu" was buried in Gaoling.
Cao Cao died from Liu Chen to Luoyang for more than 30 years, participated in nearly 50 battles, and wiped out the separatist forces such as Yuan Shao, Yuan Shu, Liu Biao, Zhang Xiu and Lu Bu. Cao Cao * * * has 25 sons, namely, Empress Bian gave birth to emperors Cao Pi, Zhang, Cao Zhi and Xiao Cao Xiong, Mrs. Liu gave birth to Ang, Wang Caoshuo, Mrs. Huan gave birth to Wang Caochong, Wang Caozhi of Pengcheng, Cao Yu of Yan State, Wang Caolin, Wang Caogun of Zhongshan Gong and Mrs. Qin gave birth to Jiyang. Among them, the eldest son, Cao Cao, thought he was sincere and respectful, so he became a successor and became the later Wei Wendi; Cao Zhang, the second son, mentioned in Romance of the Three Kingdoms that he was brave and foolhardy. The third son Cao Zhi is Cao Cao's favorite son. Although he is brilliant, he is timid and addicted to alcohol. The fourth son, Cao Xiong, is weak and sickly. Cao Cao also has three daughters, the eldest daughter Cao Jie, the second daughter Cao Xian and the third daughter Cao Hua, all of whom are married to Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty. Cao Cao is an outstanding politician, strategist and writer in history. He and his two sons, Cao Pi and Cao Zhi, represented the style of writing in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. They are also known as "literary families" in history. Cao Cao wrote many works in his life. The famous "Watching the Sea" was written near Yanjin County, Henan Province after defeating Yuan Shao in 10.
Emperor Liu Bei (16 1-223)
The word Xuande was born in Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province, descended from Liu Sheng, the son of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty, and was the founding king of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period. In the last years of Emperor Lingdi of the Eastern Han Dynasty, together with Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, he made some achievements in the Yellow Scarf thief, so he became the county commandant of Anxi Village. The secret punishment of Cao Cao failed, and he escaped. Three visits to the thatched cottage began with Zhuge Liang's assistance. Later, he defeated Cao Cao in Chibi with Sun Quan, won Yizhou and Hanzhong, and became the king of Hanzhong. In 22 1 year, he became emperor in Chengdu, with the title of Han. After Wu Dong was defeated and suffered heavy losses, he returned to Baidicheng and died at the age of 62. Emperor Zhaolie of posthumous title was known as Liu in history.
Liu Bei (A.D. 16 1-223), Emperor Zhaolie of Han Dynasty, was born in Zhuo Jun (now Zhuozhou, Hebei). The founder of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period. Weapons: double swords
Sworn brothers
When folk customs spread to the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei became sworn brothers in Taoyuan. "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" for the first time: "Fei said:' There is a peach garden behind my village, and flowers bloom and fall; Tomorrow we will sacrifice to heaven and earth in the garden. The three of us will become brothers, and Qi Xin will work together to achieve great things. Liu Bei and Yun Shang said in unison, "Great." The next day, in the Peach Blossom Garden, a ceremony of black ox and white horse was prepared. The three of them burned incense and worshipped again, saying,' I miss Liu Bei, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei. Although they are brothers, they will work together to help the poor; Serve the country and feel at ease; I don't want to be born on the same day in the same year, I just want to die on the same day in the same year After heaven and earth, you can learn this heart. Infidelity, heaven and man * * * slaughter! After the oath, Liu Bei was sworn as his younger brother, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei as his younger brothers. "After that, he and * * * became sworn brothers and conspired with each other.
all one's life
Liu Bei, the first emperor of Shu Han, is said to be a descendant of Liu Sheng, the son of Emperor Jing of Han Dynasty. Liu Bei lost his father and made a living by selling shoes and weaving straw mats with his mother. At the age of fifteen, he went out to study, studied under Liu Deran and Gongsun Zan, and became friends with Gongsun Zan.
/kloc-in 0/84, the yellow turban insurrectionary broke out, which was funded by businessman Zhang Shiping and Su Shuang. Liu Bei organized an uprising army, followed Zou Jing to crusade against the Yellow Scarf Army, and made great achievements. He was appointed an xiwei. Later, Du You, who was dissatisfied with his arrival in Han on business, was arrested, beaten up again, and then abandoned his official position and fled.
Later, General He Jin sent Wu to Danyang to recruit soldiers, and Liu Bei joined him on the way. When he arrived in Xiapi, he fought against thieves and served as Xiami County Cheng, and soon resigned. /kloc-In 0/90, he was appointed as the magistrate and magistrate of Gaotang County, and even entered the ranks of crusade against Dong Zhuo. Soon, defeated by thieves, he defected to Gongsun Zan and was named another Sima to defend Yuan Shao with Tian Kai. Because of his merits, he was named as a plain county magistrate and a plain phase.
194, Cao Cao attacked Tao Qian, and Tao Qian turned to Tian Ji for help. Tian Ji went out with Liu Bei to rescue and repel Cao Jun, and Tao Qian sent 4,000 Danyang soldiers to Liu Bei. Liu Bei was attached to Tao Qian and stationed in Xiaopei, and was named the secretariat of Yuzhou. 194, died of illness, and Mi Zhu and Chen Liubei entered Xuzhou. Later, he was worshipped by the imperial court as the general of Town East and Yicheng Hou Ting. 195, Lu Bu, defeated by Cao Cao, came to vote, and Liu Bei allowed him to stay in Xiaopei.
In the second year, Yuan Shu attacked Liu Bei who met him, and Lu Bu took the opportunity to sneak up on Pi. Liu Bei had to move to Haixi and defeated Yang Feng, Han Xian, Guan Xu, Yang Xian and others on the way. Later, Lu Bu welcomed Liu Bei back, returned his wife and allowed him to live in a small place. Soon, he gathered more than ten thousand soldiers. Feeling dangerous, Lu Bu sent troops to attack Xiao Pei. Liu Bei failed and defected to Cao Cao. Later, I tried to take back Xiao Pei, but I was defeated by Gao Shun. 198, Liu Bei succeeded in destroying Lu Bu with Cao Cao. Later, Xuchang and Liu Bei were named left generals, and Cao Cao treated them with courtesy. When you go out, you are a car, and when you sit, you are a deskmate.
Emperor Xian of the Han Dynasty was dissatisfied with Cao Cao, and ordered his father-in-law Dong Cheng to kill Cao Cao. Liu Bei also joined in the action, growing vegetables at home every day, so as to relieve the pressure on Cao Cao. One day, Cao Cao hosted a banquet for Liu Bei and said to Liu Bei, "The only heroes in the world today are the monarch and Cao Er. At first, there were not enough people. " Hearing this, Liu Bei was so scared that his chopsticks fell off. At this time, it just thundered. Liu Bei said to Cao Cao: "The sage cloud' Thunder will change' is not bad. The power of an earthquake can be as far as this! " Soon, Yuan Shu, who was lost in the south, wanted to go north to Yuan Shao, and Cao Cao sent Liu Bei to attack Yuan Shu, but before the army arrived, Yuan Shu had died of illness.
199, Liu Bei took the opportunity to occupy Xiapi and killed Che Zhou, the secretariat of Xuzhou, leaving Guan Yu to guard Xiapi and defend Xiaopi himself. On the one hand, he sent Yuan Shao and many local forces to unite against Cao. Cao Cao sent Liu Dai and Zhong Wang to attack Liu Bei, but failed. In 200, Dong Cheng was defeated and killed. Cao Cao Dong recruited Liu Bei, and Liu Bei was defeated. Cao Cao captured Liu Bei's wife and Guan Yu alive.
Liu Bei fled to Qingzhou, where Yuan Tan, the secretariat of Qingzhou, personally greeted him and informed Yuan Shao, who also personally greeted him outside Yecheng. After staying for more than a month, former subordinates reunited. Soon, a war broke out between Cao Cao and Yuan Shao, and Liu Pi and others betrayed Cao Cao. Yuan Shao sent Liu Bei to join Liu Pi with his army. Cao Cao sent Coss to attack Runa, and Liu Bei only returned to Yuan Shao. Liu Bei wanted to keep Yuan Shao, so he persuaded Yuan Shao to take Liu Biao to the south. Yuan Shao sent Liu Bei to join forces with Gong Duhui in Ru 'nan. Cao Cao sent Cai Yang to attack Liu Bei, who killed him.
In 20 1 year, Cao Nan, defeated by Yuan Shao in the battle of Guandu, attacked Runan, and Liu Bei was defeated and fled. He sent Mi Zhuhe to meet Liu Biao, who personally went to the suburbs to meet Liu Bei. As a gift from the above-mentioned guests, he was allowed to stay in Xinye. Although Liu Biao treated Liu Bei with courtesy, he had some scruples about him, and Liu Bei made many heroes in Jingzhou, so he didn't trust him very much and didn't accept his northern expedition. In 2002, Cao Jiang, Xia Houdun, Yu Jin and others invaded Wang Bo, and the two sides were at loggerheads. Liu Bei set an ambush and set fire to retreat. Xia Houdun pursued him and was broken by the ambush.
In 2007, Sangu Cao Lu invited Zhuge Liang to join in and reached the strategic policy of "Long-Zhong". In 2008, Cao Cao went south. In August, Liu Biao died. The second son, Liu Cong, acceded to the throne and sent Cao Cao to surrender. Liu Bei learned that Cao Cao was going south and abandoned Fancheng and fled. Liu Cong's men and Jingzhou people fled with Liu Beinan. In Dangyang, hundreds of thousands of people and thousands of cars have gathered. They can only walk more than ten miles every day, so they sent Guan Yu to take hundreds of boats first and meet them in Jiangling. Cao Cao was afraid that Liu Beixian would occupy Jiangling and sent five thousand fighters to pursue him. The two armies joined forces in Changsaka, Dangyang. Liu Bei abandoned his wife and fled first, leaving the army. Fortunately, Guan Yu's fleet was met in Hanjin, and more than 10,000 people with Liu Biao's eldest son Liu Qi fled to Xiakou. Just when Lu Su came to inquire about the news, Liu Bei sent Zhuge Liang to form an alliance with Sun Quan, and fought against the forces of Sun Quan's generals Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu in the Wulin, crushing the enemy.
Liu Bei asked Liu Qi to be the secretariat of Jingzhou and levy four counties in Jingnan. Wuling satrap Jin Xuan, Changsha satrap Han Xuan, Guiyang satrap Zhao Fan and Lingling satrap Liu Du all surrendered. Jin Xuan, the satrap of Wuling, was robbed to death by Liu Bei, and the person who surrendered was suspected to be his subordinate. Xu Lei also led thousands of people to mutiny. After Liu Qi died of illness, the generals elected Liu Bei as Jingzhou Pastor, and Sun Quan also married his sister to Liu Bei. 2 1 1 year, Liu Zhang, an Yizhou animal husbandry, accepted Zhang Song's suggestion and invited Liu Bei to help in Shu. Paifa was going to see Liu Bei with 4000 people and huge sum of money, and Liu Bei personally led the army into Shu. In Fucheng, Liu Zhang personally. Zhang Song, Fazheng and Pang Tong all proposed that Liu Beike take the opportunity to kill Liu Zhang, but Liu Bei refused. Liu Zhang pushed Liu Beihang to Fu and led the division to a captain. Liu Zhang rationed Liu Bei's soldiers to attack Zhang Lu, but Liu Bei did not send troops, but bought people's hearts.
In 2 12, Liu Bei borrowed food from Liu Zhang and went back to Jingzhou to help Sun Quan, but Liu Zhang only gave half. Liu Zhang found out that his subordinate Zhang Song had an affair with Liu Bei in order to get Shu, and the two sides broke up in discord. Liu Bei killed Yang Huai and advanced on Liu Zhang. Liu? Leng Bao, Zhang Ren, Deng Xian, etc. Defend Fucheng against Liu Bei, but it was conquered. After attacking Mianzhu Pass, the garrison commander Li Yan surrendered. In 2 14, Los Angeles was blocked by Liu Xun, and the war lasted for one year. Fortunately, Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun led the troops into Shu to help each other. Finally, Liu Zhang surrendered and Liu Bei became the Lord of Shu. In 2 15, Sun Liu began to compete for Jingzhou, and finally decided to share it equally, but the relationship between the two sides deteriorated.
In 2 17, Liu Bei led an army to the north. In the summer of 2 19, he occupied Hanzhong, claiming to be the king of Hanzhong, and at the same time occupied Shang Yong. In the winter of the same year, Guan Yu was killed by Sun Quan and the two sides officially broke up. In 220, Cao Pi usurped the independence of Han Dynasty, and in the second year Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor and established Shu Han. In 22 1 year, Liu Bei sent troops to Wu Dong to avenge Guan Yu's death, but was defeated by Lu Xun in the battle of Yiling, and finally retreated to Baidicheng, leaving only Zhuge Liang and Li Yan. He died in April 223, and posthumous title became Emperor Zhaolie. In May, the body was transported back to Chengdu from Yong 'an and buried in August.
Liu Bei has two tombs. One is Hui Ling of Chengdu Wuhou Temple; The other is Lianhua Dam in Pengshan, Sichuan.
trait
Liu Bei is seven feet and five inches tall (172cm), with his hands on his knees, and his eyes can see his ears. Little beard was once teased by Zhang Yu, an official of Liu. He doesn't like to talk much, he can't see his emotions, he doesn't like reading books very much, he likes playing with dogs and horses, listening to music, wearing beautiful clothes, making friends with heroes, and being kind to servants and people. It is said that he once touched an assassin because of kindness and gave up suicide.
Liu Bei, a teenager, dreamed of getting in the car of the son of heaven one day. Although Liu Bei is kind, he is also a group of ambitious people. For example, after living in Jingzhou for several years, Liu Bei once had a drink with Liu Biao. When he went to the toilet, he saw the meat in his moustache and lamented that he had fought everywhere in his early years and could not live without the saddle. Now he is far away from the battlefield, and the meat in his moustache is raw, so he was moved to tears. More often, Liu Biao was advised to explore the north, but Liu Biao did not accept it.
Sun Quan (AD 182-252), Han nationality, was named Zhongmou. Wu Dadi was the founder of Wu in the Three Kingdoms period. Fuchun County, Wu Jun (now Fuyang, Zhejiang). Father Sun Jian claimed to be Sun Wu, a great strategist in the Spring and Autumn Period. He was a magistrate in Changsha and served as a general to defeat Lu. Brother Sun Ce, in order to defy the general, sealed the marquis of Wu.
Sun Quan was born in the fifth year of Guanghe (AD 182) and died in the second year of Taiyuan (AD 252). Sun Jian's second son, when he was young, followed his eldest brother Sun Ce to pacify Jiangdong. 15 years old, Sun Quan was promoted to filial piety, and Ren Yangxian (now Yixing) was appointed as a captain of Feng Yi. In 200 years of romance, Sun Ce died young. Before he died, he said to Sun Quan, "Ask Zhang Zhao for internal affairs and Zhou Yu for diplomacy." Sun Quan succeeded to the throne as the Lord of Jiangdong.
In 208, Sun Quan made a Western Expedition, recovered Gan Ning, and besieged and destroyed Huang Zu. In the same year, Cao Cao went south and Liu Bei was defeated. After Cao Cao occupied Jingxiang, he wrote to Sun Quan to win Soochow. Soochow is divided into two factions: the main war faction, headed by Lu Su, and the main peace faction, headed by Zhang Zhao. Zhang Zhao was very convincing at that time, but Sun Quan was interested in a war. At this time, Lu Su brought Zhuge Liang from Jiangxia, indicating Liu Bei's determination to unite with Wu against Cao. Zhou Yu's timely return shows all kinds of disadvantages of Cao Cao and indicates that the war is expected to win. Sun Quan decided decisively to take Zhou Yu as the commander in chief and send troops to Sanjiangkou to fight Cao Cao. This is the famous Battle of Red Cliffs in history.
After Battle of Red Cliffs, Sun Quan joined Liu Bei and married his sister Sun Ren to Liu Bei. Later, he lent Jingzhou to Liu Bei from Lu Su's plan. After Liu Bei succeeded in taking Sichuan, Sun Quan asked Liu Bei to return to Jingzhou, but Liu Bei refused. After one-on-one talks, Lu Su took back the three counties. After Sun Quan hit Hefei, he was defeated by Zhang Liao. In 2 17, Wei and Wu fought in ruxu, and neither side could win. For example, after the empty mouth war, Sun Quan befriended Cao Cao, and signed the Wei-Wu secret alliance to * * * cut Guan Yu.
In 2 19, Guan Yu attacked Fancheng, and Sun Quan appointed Lv Meng to take Jingzhou. Lv Meng took Jingzhou by "crossing the river in white" and captured Guan Yu alive in Maicheng. Sun Quan killed Guan Yu and gave his head to Cao Cao. In 220, Cao Pi replaced Han. Sun Quan declared Wu Dong a vassal state of Wei, and he became a vassal state of Wei. Cao Pi gave Sun Quan nine gifts. In 22 1 year, Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor and immediately set out to attack Dongwu, calling it revenge for Guan Yu, which was actually the battle of Jingzhou. Sun Quan decisively appointed Lu Xun, a 38-year-old young general, as viceroy against Liu Bei. Lu Xun defeated Liu Bei in Yiling with the plan of "burning camp" In 223, Liu Bei died of illness, and Zhuge Liang sent Deng Zhi to cross the river for peace and prepare for the Northern Expedition. Sun Quan lived in harmony with Shu Han and * * * attacked Cao Wei. In 224, Cao Pi's army attacked Wu Dong. Sun Quan asked Xu to make a fire to break the enemy. In 226, Cao Pi died of illness. Sun Quan personally led an army to attack Jiangxia, but was defeated at the insistence of the satrap Wen Pin.
In 229 AD, Sun rose in Wuchang (now Hubei), the Soochow regime was formally established, and then he moved his capital to Jianye (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). In 234 AD, Sun Quan responded to Zhuge Liang's last Northern Expedition and was defeated by Man Chong, the secretariat of Yangzhou. After rising of sun, general Wei Wen and others were sent to the sea on a large scale to strengthen contact with Yizhou (now Taiwan Province Province). Also set up agricultural officials to open up wasteland; And set up counties in Shanyue area, which promoted the development of land in the south of the Yangtze River. But at the same time, Sun Quan, who proclaimed himself emperor, became increasingly arrogant and overbearing, exacting exorbitant taxes and miscellaneous fees, and the punishment was cruel, and the people often rose up. Sun Quan also made a big mistake in establishing a prince. After the untimely death of Prince Sun Deng, Sun Quan first abolished Sun He, the second prince, then awarded Sun Ba, the king of Lu, with the death penalty, and finally appointed Sun Liang, the youngest son, as the prince, which paved the way for the political changes of Wu Palace in the future. In 252, Sun Quan died at the age of 7 1.
Concise biography
19 years old, Sun Quan succeeded his brother Sun Ce, who was defeated by Huang Zu in Jiangdong. After Wu Dong joined forces with Liu Bei, Cao was defeated by Cao Jun in Battle of Red Cliffs. Soochow later fought Cao near Hefei, retaken Jingzhou from Liu Bei, killed Guan Yu and shattered Liu Bei's crusade army. After Cao Pi proclaimed himself emperor, Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor to the north first, then Jianwu proclaimed himself emperor and moved to Jianye.
Sun Quan is decisive and brave. He used to be very calm when he was exploring Wei Jun's lineup. Wei Jun's bows and arrows were all shot, and the arrows were concentrated on one side of the ship. Sun Quan ordered the boat to turn around, and then it was hit by an arrow on the other side. It was not until the arrows were aligned and the boat was flat that it sailed back safely. He is quite talented in "reading and passing on history". He once wrote to Cao Cao and said, "Spring water can only be born. Go to your first step quickly and don't die. Not alone. " The word 16 is of great significance.
In the 13th year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 208), Cao Cao defeated Liu Biao and won Jingzhou in an attempt to destroy Wu in one fell swoop. He claimed to Sun Quan: "Today, 800,000 Fang Zhi Water Army will treat the cat in Wu." Sun Quan was not intimidated by Cao Cao's aggressiveness. He resolutely adopted Lu Su's suggestion and made an alliance with Liu Bei. In the famous Battle of Red Cliffs, he defeated Cao Jun with fire attack tactics, which laid a tripartite confrontation between the three countries.
Sun Quan sized up the situation and considered choosing a suitable political center again. In the sixteenth year of Jian 'an (AD 2 1 1), after listening to the opinions of all parties, he resolutely decided to move the capital from Jingkou (now Zhenjiang) to Moling (now Nanjing) and build Shicheng in Shishi Mountain. The following year, Moling was changed to Jianye. In the second year of Huang Chu (AD 22 1 year), Sun Yicheng, Jingzhou, was renamed Wuchang for the sake of commanding the war against Shu. In April of the first year of Huanglong (AD 229), Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor in Wuchang. In September of the same year, the capital moved back from Wuchang to "the boat and car are convenient and the risks are endless: the fields are loose and there are losses; A company that can enter and fight, retreat and defend. In this way, Sun Quan created the capital history of Nanjing.
Sun Quan plans to build Jianye Capital, which is 20 miles around the city, 19 steps. Jianye City, Shitou Town and Danyang County outside the city all have magnificent Miyagi and government offices, houses and temples, and all have markets with concentrated population and prosperous business. Jianye, founded by Sun Quan, became a real city in ancient times and laid the foundation for the future development of Nanjing.
Sun Quan has made great contributions to the development of Jianye and even the whole Jiangnan area. He took many measures to encourage the development of production. He "personally recovered the land" and replaced eight cattle used for driving with farm cattle to show his support for agricultural production. He also ordered that the official official be forbidden to recruit farmers to take corvee when they are busy at home, so as to ensure the construction of water conservancy during the production period, dredge and expand the Qinhuai River waterway, and open up Pogangdu, Du Yun, Dongqu and Chaogou. At that time, there were thousands of skilled handicraft workers in Jianye City, engaged in silk weaving, smelting and casting. Sun Quan also developed navigation, sending generals Wei Wen and Zhuge Zhi to Yizhou (now Taiwan Province Province), sending envoys to Liaodong Peninsula and Hainan countries, and some envoys to Koguryo, Funan (now Cambodia), Lin Yi (now central Vietnam) and Nanyang Islands. In 247 AD, Jianchu Temple was also built for Buddhist monks in the Western Regions, which was the first Buddhist temple in Jinling.
Sun Quan ruled Jiangdong for 5 1 year. His life was the golden age of Wu's entrepreneurship. However, in his later years, the talented Prince Sun Deng died unfortunately, and other descendants were also weakened by the infighting for the throne. In the second year of Taiyuan (AD 252), Sun Quan, an outstanding politician living in Jiangdong, died in disappointment. 765,438+0 years old, temple name Mao, the great emperor of posthumous title. Buried in Jiangling (now South Meihua Mountain, Zijin Mountain, Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province).
romaunt
Sun Quan likes drinking very much. Drinking too much often delays important things. But he has one characteristic, that is, he can listen to others' persuasion with an open mind and correct his mistakes. Here are two short stories about what he can listen to and train.
Sun Quan became the Queen of Wu and gave a banquet to entertain his ministers. At the end of the banquet, he personally got up to propose a toast to the ministers. Go to the front of Yu Fan, a captain riding a horse. Yu Fan pretends to be drunk and falls to the ground. Sun Quan returned to his seat, got up and sat down again. So Sun Quan was furious and wanted to kill him with his sword. The ministers present at that time were too scared to come forward to dissuade them. Only Liu Ji, a senior farmer, stood up and hugged Sun Quan to prevent him from killing Yu Fan, and advised him that it was very inappropriate for the king to kill people after drinking. Even if Yu Fan is guilty, who knows? It is precisely because the king can recruit talented people and accommodate them that talented people all over the world come to him, and now he has suddenly abandoned his good reputation. Is it worth it? Sun Quan said, Cao Cao killed Kong Rong, why can't I kill Yu Fan? Liu Ji said: Cao Cao killed the saint easily, and everyone in the world opposed him. And the king's trip to righteousness, compared with a saint like Yao and Shun, how can it be compared with Cao Cao? Sun Quan listened to Liu Ji, and his anger slowly subsided. Yu Fan was therefore exempted from the death penalty. After the banquet, Sun Quan said to his servants: From now on, if I say I want to kill someone after drinking, don't kill anyone.
On another occasion, Sun Quan got drunk in Diaoyutai, Wuchang, and got as drunk as a fiddler. After he got drunk, he asked people to sprinkle water on the ministers at the table and told everyone: If you drink today, you must get drunk here. At that time, Zhang Zhao, the deputy commander of the State of Wu, left the party without a word, went outside and sat in his car. Sun Quan sent someone to call him back, saying that today was just drinking and having fun. Why are you angry? Zhang Zhao replied: In the past, Zhou Wang built a bad wine pool for drinking for a long time, also for pleasure, and did not think it was a bad thing. Hearing this, Sun Quan didn't say a word, with a look of shame on his face, and immediately withdrew from the banquet.