Urumqi is a multi-ethnic city with 13 ethnic groups living in it. In addition to Uyghurs and Hans, there are Hui, Kazakh, Manchu, Xibo, Mongolian, Kirgiz, Tajik, Tatar, Uzbek, Russian, Daur and other ethnic groups who have lived in the country for generations. There are 49 ethnic minorities in Urumqi, with a total population of 3.1103 million (based on the sixth census).

The sixth national census conducted at 0:00 on November 1, 2010 as the standard time point showed that the city’s permanent population was 3,112,559 people, which is the same as the fifth national census at 0:00 on November 1, 2000. Compared with the 2,081,834 people at that time, the number of people increased by 1,030,725 in the past ten years, an increase of 49.51. The average annual growth rate is 4.10. Among the city's permanent population, the male population is 1,610,775, accounting for 51.75; the female population is 1,501,784, accounting for 48.25. Among the city's population, the Han population is 2,331,654, accounting for 74.91% of the total population, and the ethnic minority population is 780,905, accounting for 25.09% of the total population.

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