Preschool education: the education of children from birth to school. Its educational tasks and requirements are: paying attention to children's physical health, personality development and good habits, and paying attention to preschool children's intellectual development and preparation for entering primary school. Early childhood education: refers to the education given to children by correctional institutions before they enter primary schools according to certain training objectives and children's physical and mental characteristics. It is the basic stage of China's education system and an organic part of basic education. Kindergarten: enroll children aged 3-6. Early childhood care and education institutions. Nursery: an institution that enrolls and educates 1-3-year-olds. Nursery is mainly for taking care of children. The teaching task of kindergarten: implement the principle of combining conservation with education, educate children to develop in an all-round way in physical, intellectual, moral and aesthetic aspects, and promote the harmonious development of children's body and mind. This shows that under the guidance of the national education policy, China's preschool education has always had a clear training goal, emphasizing following the laws of children's physical and mental development, meeting individual development needs, and undertaking the task of laying a good foundation for training and bringing up a new generation. It belongs to basic education in essence. Second, the goal of kindergarten education Kindergarten education is an important part of basic education and the basic stage of school education and lifelong education in China. Kindergartens should use all kinds of educational resources to provide healthy and rich living and activity environment for children, meet their various development needs, and make them gain experiences beneficial to physical and mental development in a happy childhood. Kindergarten education should respect children's personality and rights, respect children's physical and mental development laws and learning characteristics, take games as the basic activity, pay equal attention to education, pay attention to individual differences, and promote each child's personality development. Our parents should set up a big education concept. They should not think narrowly that they can learn knowledge by learning a few nursery rhymes, telling a few stories and solving a few problems in kindergarten. They think that kindergartens are not good as long as they don't train in reading, writing and arithmetic skills and don't impart professional knowledge. This is a narrow and one-sided understanding of early childhood education and a backward understanding. The ultimate goal of preschool education is to teach children how to survive, how to create, how to cooperate and how to learn. Knowledge can never be learned. As long as children learn to learn, establish the concept of lifelong learning, live in peace with others, solve problems and cope with the future society. The content of kindergarten education is comprehensive and enlightening, which can be divided into five areas: health, language, society, science and art. The content of each area permeates each other and promotes the development of children's emotions, attitudes, abilities, knowledge and skills from different angles. Third, the importance of preschool education. Early childhood is a period of extremely rapid intellectual development. During this period, children are full of energy, curiosity, thirst for knowledge and imagination, which is a good opportunity to ask questions. 1, the significance of early childhood education. At present, social competition is becoming increasingly fierce and the gap between the rich and the poor is widening. 2 1 century, it will be more and more difficult for people to stand and succeed in society. Diploma, family background and money can no longer guarantee that you are in an invincible position, and your personal quality determines the fate of your life. With the popularization of computers and networks, human society will enter the information age, and knowledge economy will replace industrial economy and commodity economy. The success or failure of an enterprise and the rise or fall of a country will directly depend on the quality of internal personnel. However, there are many drawbacks in the current education system and educational concepts, and there are still many misunderstandings in the educational concepts of parents and teachers, and many wrong concepts are still deeply rooted. For example, children who study well are good children; Focus only on scores and ignore others; People think that quality education means learning piano and computer besides learning books well. Pay more attention to knowledge than ability, pay attention to intellectual factors and ignore non-intellectual factors. The nine-year-old child was beaten to death by his mother with a stick because his exam results did not meet his mother's requirements. Li Bing, a young man who is going to study in the United States, killed his parents himself because he couldn't stand the discipline of his parents. These bloody examples should make us seriously reflect! In real life, some students were once considered as students with outstanding intelligence when they were studying at school, but they accomplished nothing after graduation. This shows that people with high IQ may not succeed. People's success depends on some non-intellectual factors besides certain intellectual factors and social conditions. Whether a person can succeed depends not only on a certain intellectual foundation, but also on his emotional intelligence, that is, his non-intellectual factors such as morality, emotion and social adaptability, which are just ignored by current education. There are many mistakes in people's understanding of intelligence, such as: thinking that knowing more is wisdom; The purpose of learning is to remember all kinds of knowledge; Knowledge equals intelligence and so on. Generally speaking, intelligence includes attention, observation, imagination, memory, thinking and creativity. Intelligence is the ability to acquire knowledge and create new knowledge. With the advent of knowledge economy, the real knowledge owner is no longer reciting knowledge and mastering symbols, but a person who can constantly sort out the problems that the predecessors did not realize and put forward creative solutions to the problems. Teaching knowledge is not only what to teach and why, but also how to do it. Really grasped the truth that "it is better to teach people to fish than to teach people to fish". A child, some people will call him a prodigy, but others say he is smart. One day, a child came to the river and saw an old man fishing under Liu. The old man's fish basket is full. The child liked it very much, and the old man decided to give it to the child when he saw it. But to our surprise, the child didn't want it. Do you know what the child said to the old man? He said to the old man, "Give me your fishing rod!" " ) fish is the purpose, and fishing is the means. A fish can solve temporary hunger, but it can't solve long-term hunger. If you want to have fish to eat forever, you must learn how to fish. Everyone teaches people that the way to learn knowledge is not as good as teaching them knowledge. Therefore, attaching importance to the cultivation of non-intellectual factors and abilities is the fundamental task of education. The critical period of non-intelligence factors and intelligence cultivation is before the age of 6. Generally speaking, after three years of development, a child enters infancy, and the preschool age is 3 to 6 years old, which is often referred to as the early education stage. This is an important period for people's physical and mental development. There is an old saying in China: "If you dye the sky, it will be pale, and if you dye it yellow, it will be yellow." Childhood is the beginning of life edification, and many basic abilities of people are formed at this age, such as language expression, basic movements and certain living habits, and personality is gradually formed. American psychologist Bloom believes that if a person's intelligence development is 100% at the age of 17, it will reach 50% at the age of 4. 4-8 years old increased by 30%, and 8- 17 years old increased by 20%. It can be seen that children's intellectual development is the fastest before the age of 5, and it is also the best period for early intellectual development. If the early education implemented in this period is good, it will be the key to the early intellectual development of children. At present, there is a view that children's real education is after primary school. Before primary school, children only need to eat well, sleep well, play well and be in good health. He is not sensible, so he can be upright naturally without spending so much time teaching him. There is also a view that preschool education should be primary school, so that children can learn primary school courses, such as piano, calligraphy, art, computer, etc., regardless of children's physical and mental characteristics. These are all undesirable and wrong. Before the age of 5-6, children learned to talk and walk through continuous learning. Know all kinds of things; Understand various reasons; I also learned a lot of skills. During this period, the children's thirst for knowledge was particularly strong, their learning ability was particularly good, and they were particularly impressed. During this period, morality, personality, habits and hobbies are gradually forming, and it is the easiest time to accept all kinds of ideas, no matter what you say. Therefore, it is very important and necessary to educate children in science. If you give up the education of young children, you will waste a good opportunity, and you may not be able to catch up if you spend twice as much energy and time in the future. Moreover, once some bad morals and habits are formed, it will be more difficult to correct them. However, improper educational methods are more harmful, and the psychological and physical harm to children will affect his life. 2, children's emotional intelligence education ① The concept of emotional intelligence Some outstanding scientists in the modern west have shown through a lot of research that there is a parameter beyond human intelligence under human IQ, that is, emotional intelligence, which is the ability of people to control and manage their emotions and emotions and adjust their communication in social interpersonal relationships. American psychologists believe that emotional intelligence is more important than IQ. So the achievement equation is: 20% IQ +80% EQ = 100% success. Former US President Roosevelt said: "Outstanding people are not those with high talents, but those who give full play to their talents." Emotional intelligence includes five abilities: (1) the ability to understand one's own emotions. (2) the ability to control their emotions; (3) the ability to motivate their behavior with their own emotions; (4) the ability to understand others' emotions; (5) the ability to get along with others. Experiments have proved that the ability to control emotions is the key to these five aspects of EQ. (2) Characteristics of children with emotional intelligence A high level of emotional intelligence contributes to children's creativity, which is the basis of all learning behaviors. A study shows that the standard for predicting children's performance in kindergarten is not how much knowledge they have accumulated, but their emotional and social development. For example, do you have enough self-confidence and curiosity, do you know what kind of behavior is appropriate, and can you resist the impulse of improper behavior ... these are the basic components of emotional intelligence. Generally speaking, children with high emotional intelligence have the following characteristics: (1) Strong self-confidence: self-confidence is a necessary condition for any success and an important part of emotional intelligence. Self-confidence means that no matter when you have any goals, you believe that you have the ability and determination to achieve them through your own efforts. (2) Curiosity: I am interested in many things and want to find out. (3) Strong self-control: that is, the ability to control and dominate one's actions, sometimes forcing oneself to complete the tasks that should be completed, and sometimes restraining the occurrence of one's misconduct. (4) Good interpersonal relationship: being able to get along with others. When getting along with other children, positive attitudes and experiences (such as care, joy, love, etc. ) is dominant, while negative attitudes and experiences (such as disgust, destruction, etc. ) are relatively few. (5) Have a good mood: children with high emotional intelligence are lively and cheerful, warm and sincere to people, and always remain happy. Many studies and facts also show that a good mood is a major reason that affects one's life achievements. (6) Strong resonance: it means being able to have emotional connection with others, which is the basis for cultivating lovers and things. The research on the cultivation of children with high EQ shows that IQ is more innate, while EQ is more gradually developed and improved in the acquired environment and education. This is perhaps the most important difference between the two. Therefore, the early cultivation of EQ is of great significance. Family and kindergarten play an important role in the early cultivation of EQ. (1) family-the cornerstone of the development of emotional intelligence family is the first school for children to learn emotional intelligence. At home, they will learn a lot of basic information, such as their own self-observation, others' reactions to themselves, how to treat their feelings, how to interpret others' emotions and how to express their emotions. Research shows that the way parents treat their children has a long-term and profound impact on their emotional world. Therefore, if children want to have high EQ, parents must strive to: a. Strengthen their own emotional training, improve their own quality, and have basic EQ. Be careful with your children. When you find that your child is in a bad mood, you should know how to understand the child's feelings, try to understand the cause and effect of the child's bad mood, and then help the child calm down in an appropriate way. C. Help children build self-confidence, cultivate their sympathy and promote the development of their emotional intelligence. (2) Kindergarten-the key to the development of emotional intelligence Kindergarten teachers, as direct teachers of children, should do the following in cultivating children's high emotional intelligence: a. Pay attention to the improvement of their own quality, enter kindergartens with high emotions every day, and give children a positive emotional rendering. B. treat every child fairly and fairly, and never show favoritism. According to research, neglect is worse than abuse, neglected children are impulsive, see things too much and so on. C. We should actively cultivate children's self-confidence, self-esteem and curiosity by telling stories and playing games, which is not only the content of EQ education, but also the requirement of kindergarten work regulations. 4. How should parents cooperate with kindergartens? Preschool education is not kindergarten education, but family, society and kindergarten. Besides, parents are children's first teachers and families are children's first schools, so parents play a very important role in children's growth. When children go to kindergarten, parents should cooperate with kindergarten to do the following work: 1. Learn to appreciate children. An educator once said that every child is a child. If a child is not a genius, it must be the problem of parents and teachers. Whether a child can become a genius depends on whether parents and teachers can love, expect and educate him like a genius. Where there is love, there is hope; Where there is respect, there is confidence; Where there is trust, there is development. Chen Jingrun, a great mathematician, was taciturn and did not like sports. He was above average in his class when he was at school. He is an unknown student. Although he is so humble in the eyes of others, his son is the best in the eyes of his father. Because Chen Jingrun likes thinking and reading, his father always tries his best to satisfy him and gives him simple but not luxurious reward words. It was his father's affirmation and praise for his silent thinking and willingness to study that cultivated Chen Jingrun's special temperament. Therefore, parents should turn negative into positive when disciplining their children, replace scolding with praise, and praise even the smallest progress, which will encourage children to make continuous progress. Every child is eager to be appreciated and recognized, and parents can activate their children's enthusiasm and potential through incentives. According to the investigation and analysis, the ability will shrink under criticism, but thrive under encouragement. Appreciating children is conducive to creating a clear sky for their success. In the process of children's growth, timely and moderate praise is more conducive to children to establish their own confidence, their own moral right and wrong, and create a lively and harmonious environment. 2. Learn to cooperate. After the children enter the park, there is a lot of work that needs the cooperation of parents in order to complete the national education goal. (1) Using various methods, we often ask teachers about children's situation in kindergarten, and give timely feedback on children's performance at home, so as to achieve the purpose of family education. ② Educate children to do their own thing and unite others to respect teachers. (3) carefully observe the contents of the home contact bar or blackboard every day. Oral or practical homework, notices, small tasks, etc. ) 5. Parents' questions about children attending kindergarten: 1. When does the child enter kindergarten? Every August and September, many parents ask similar questions: How old should children be sent to kindergarten? Should my child be sent to kindergarten? In fact, there are no strict rules for children to enter kindergarten. In principle, as long as children reach a certain maturity and can adapt to kindergarten life, they can enter kindergarten. So what kind of maturity should children reach when they enter the park? Relevant experts and kindergarten teachers believe that children need to have the following abilities when entering the park: first, in terms of language expression ability, children should not only understand what the other party said, but also have about 70% language ability to express all their wishes, so as to simply express themselves and communicate with others; Secondly, in terms of basic motor skills, children should master some simple skills and basic movements, such as throwing the ball and taking scissors, so that they will not be ignorant and unable to participate in activities in the park after entering the park; Third, in terms of social knowledge, we should know the rules of "taking turns" and "queuing", be able to handle the problem of urination and defecation by ourselves, and be able to ask others to help solve the problem. The higher the maturity of children, the better their adaptability to the environment. If children have not reached a certain maturity in the above basic abilities, they should avoid going to kindergarten in the morning. 2. What should I do if my child always cries in kindergarten? Parents have their own solutions to the problem that children cry and refuse to go to kindergarten. But the most important principle is: parents should insist on picking up and dropping off, often communicate with teachers, and find and solve problems in time; Encourage and praise more to cultivate children's independence and self-care ability. In this way, the baby will gradually like kindergarten, and the parents' problems will be solved. The following suggestions are for parents' reference. ① Be prepared before entering the park. Tell more stories, cultivate children's imagination, encourage children to tell stories to others, and cultivate their courage and expressive ability. Teach your baby to know some simple words, numbers and images, so as to lay the foundation for entering the park, so that children will not be too afraid of the teacher's questions. Let the children play with the children in the neighborhood, and if possible, take them to the children's entertainment city to meet some strange children. Tell him that there are more children in kindergarten, and there are many interesting things there, which leads to children's yearning for kindergarten. Understand the specific requirements of kindergarten for educating children, cultivate children's initial self-care ability and good habits, arrange the corresponding schedule between children and kindergarten, shorten the distance between family and kindergarten in life and hygiene habits, and let children have some indirect experiences in kindergarten. Encourage your baby to make more friends. Children in kindergarten are very important to children. With the company of friends, he won't cling to what adults leave behind. Therefore, other children and their parents can be invited to play at home at ordinary times to promote the friendship between children. ③ Insist on sending children to kindergarten. No matter whether the weather is cold or hot, windy or rainy, we must insist on sending our children to kindergarten on time. If we often fail to emphasize the objective reasons of going to kindergarten, we will develop the bad habits of children's cowardice, temperance, willfulness and freedom. Once these behaviors are formed, it is difficult to eradicate them. It will not only affect children's enthusiasm for going to kindergarten, but also have a bad influence on children's personality. When he grows up, he will unconsciously bring these bad habits to his study, work and life. Therefore, parents should cultivate children's discipline from an early age and cultivate their strong will and courage to overcome difficulties. ④ Communicate with children and teachers in time. If children have been in the park for a long time and still have strong fear and resistance, parents should pay attention. It is necessary to communicate with children and teachers in time to find out the specific reasons so as to prescribe the right medicine. If a child encounters difficulties or is criticized in kindergarten, parents should help the child overcome difficulties or find out the reasons for doing something wrong, educate the child to have the courage to overcome difficulties, admit and correct mistakes, and be a strong child. If you find that your child is unwell, you can temporarily not go to kindergarten and observe at home. If there is no one at home, you can also send it to kindergarten, but you should explain the situation to the teacher and let the teacher observe and take care of it. Parents send their children to kindergarten, don't tell them to listen to the teacher, be disciplined, be polite, sing loudly and draw bigger pictures. These excessive demands, prohibitions or advice will also make children feel anxious because they can't meet the requirements. You can also take the method of diverting attention, attract them with fun toys and building blocks in the classroom and divert their attention. If the child relies too much on his mother, he can ask his father to send the child to kindergarten. If the child is bedridden, lie to his parents and say, "I have a stomachache and a headache today, and I don't want to go to kindergarten", or simply take crying as a killer to prevent parents from leaving home. Parents don't insist on sending him to the park, but they can contact the kindergarten teacher first to find out the child's recent school situation and find out why he doesn't want to enter the park. There are five reasons for not wanting to go to kindergarten: ① I don't want to be separated from my parents. (2) Fear of unfamiliar environment. ③ unable to adapt to group life. 4 can't keep up with the progress of the group. ⑤ Interpersonal communication is frustrated. If you are bullied by other children, they may not want to go. 3. What problems should parents pay attention to after their children go to kindergarten? Take the children to the park on time, ask for leave from the teacher if you don't come to the park, and don't be absent without reason. (2) Children's clothes should be loose, which is conducive to the needs of activities. Children are not allowed to bring money, toys and small things into the park. Try not to get sick and go into the park. ⑤ Parents are not allowed to smoke, spit or litter after entering the park. Parents' words and deeds should set an example for their children. Every child's name is full of solemnity and sacredness, and every child's personality contains creation and success. There are no bad children, only bad education, no children who can't teach well, only parents or teachers who can't teach well There must be a reason for children's failure, and there must be a way to succeed. Let's be good supporters, collaborators and guides, and lead our children to success. Finally, I will give you three sentences: be a child's parents in life, be a child's partner in games, and be a child's mentor in study. If these three roles are well played, you will be a great mom and dad.