Ecological environment:
Born on the edge of mountain forest or grassy slope, I like wet environment, wild or cultivated.
Resource allocation:
Distributed in Shaanxi, western Henan, southeastern Gansu, Qinghai, western Sichuan, northwestern Yunnan and eastern Tibet.
Growing habits:
Like cold climate, cold tolerance, avoid high temperature.
Wild in the mountainous areas of northwest and southwest China at an altitude of about 2000 meters; Most species are distributed in areas above sea level 1400 meters.
The lowest temperature in winter is below-10℃, the temperature in summer is below 30℃, the frost-free period is 150 ~ 180d, and the annual rainfall is about 500 ~1000 mm.
The requirements for burying soil are strict. Generally speaking, loam or sandy loam with deep soil layer, rich humus and good drainage is the best, and sticky acid soil and low-lying stagnant water areas are not suitable for planting.
Avoid continuous cropping, it will take 4 ~ 5 years to replant.
Cultivation techniques:
Breeding with seeds can also be carried out with daughter buds (buds on the roots of mother plants). Seed propagation: rhubarb varieties are easy to cross and mutate. Three-year plants with pure varieties should be selected as seed plants. When most seeds become Huang Shi in the middle and late July, the stems should be cut off, dried in the shade and threshed. Spare.
Seedling transplanting and direct seeding are adopted. It can be divided into spring sowing and autumn sowing, and autumn sowing is generally better. Seedlings can be drilled or spread. Horizontal ditching with a spacing of 25 ~ 30cm, sowing width 10cm, depth of 3 ~ 5cm and dosage of 30 ~ 75kg per 1hm2. Sowing is to spread the seeds evenly on the border, cover with thin soil and then cover with grass.
75 ~ 105 kg per 1hm2 seed. After germination, cover the grass on a cloudy or sunny afternoon. After all the seedlings are out, weed and water them in time. If the seedlings are too dense, you can cooperate with 1 to weed. Seedling chase
Apply rare human and animal feces and urine for 2-3 times. Cover with soil, grass or fallen leaves after turning green in early winter, and remove the cover when budding in the next year.
Spring planters should be transplanted from March to April of the following year, and autumn planters should be transplanted from September to 65438+1October of the following year.
Select seedlings with thick middle fingers, cut off the slender parts of lateral roots and main roots, and open holes with the row spacing of 70cm, the plant spacing of 50cm and the hole depth of about 30cm, and plant 1 seedling per hole.
In spring, the mulch should be shallow, so that the leaves of seedlings are exposed on the ground to facilitate growth; The covering soil for transplanting in autumn should be thick, 5 ~ 7 cm higher than the bud mouth to avoid freezing injury in winter.
Direct seeding, hole sowing, row spacing of 60 ~ 80cm, plant spacing of 50 ~ 70cm, hole depth of about 3cm, sowing 5 ~ 6 seeds per hole, covering soil about 2cm.
22.5~30kg seeds are used per 1hm2, and seedling management is the same as seedling transplanting method. 1 ~ 2 times thinning seedlings, seedlings will be fixed when the seedling height is 10 ~ 15 cm, each hole 1 plant.
Propagation of sub-buds: When harvesting rhubarb, pick the strong and big sub-buds from the root of the mother plant, and dig holes according to the row spacing of 55cmX55cm, and put 1 sub-bud in each hole, with the bud eyes facing upwards and the soil covered by 6 ~ 7 cm, which is practical. When planting, apply plant ash to the cut to prevent rot.
On-site management:
In the second year after planting, intertillage weeding was carried out for three times. In the third year, it was conducted 1 time in spring and autumn respectively.
In the fourth year, it was conducted 1 time in spring. Topdressing should be carried out after each intertillage and weeding. In spring and summer, oil cake or human and animal manure should be applied, and in autumn, soil miscellaneous fertilizer and kang soil ash should be applied to prevent freezing. If phosphate fertilizer is added to the compost, the effect will be better.
The rhizome of rhubarb is hypertrophy and keeps growing upward, so it should be cultivated every time except topdressing to promote the growth of rhizome and prevent freezing.
After transplanting rhubarb, in May and June of the third and fourth years, except seeds, the flower moss should be removed in time to avoid consuming a lot of nutrients, which is beneficial to the development of rhizomes.
Pest control:
Diseases include extreme rot, ring rot, scab, anthracnose, downy mildew and so on. , comprehensive control methods can be used to implement crop rotation; Keep the soil well drained; Remove the diseased plants as soon as possible and burn them, and disinfect the soil at the diseased plants with lime; Remove litter and weeds, and eliminate the source of winter disease; Spray or water with 1: 1: 12O bordeaux solution before or during the onset.
Pests include scarabs and aphids, which are poisoned by chemicals. Scarabs can also be killed in the morning or lit at night to trap and kill adults.