1. Clinical symptoms:

(1) Sick sheep usually show symptoms such as severe itching, thickening of the skin, hair loss and weight loss. Severe infection can often lead to reduced production performance. Massive deaths even occurred. (2) It usually starts with extremely itchy skin on the lips, nose, eye circles and the base of the ears. The skin becomes red and thick, and then papules and blisters appear. Later, scabs are formed. Cracks mostly occur on the lips, corners of the mouth, the roots of the ears and the bends of the limbs. noodle. In severe cases, people become emaciated and lag behind the flock during grazing. The parasites spread rapidly throughout the body, their appetite is lost, and they eventually die of exhaustion. (3) Scabies is caused by healthy animals coming into contact with infected animals or through scabies-borne livestock, poultry, utensils, etc. Workers' clothes and hands can become sources of transmission. Scabies mites can live in livestock buildings, on walls and on various utensils for up to 3 weeks. ?

2. Prevention:

(1) Keep the sheep house hygienic and dry, and use 10% to 20% quicklime milk or 20% plant ash water to clean the sheep house and its utensils and surroundings. Disinfect the environment 2-3 times a week. Isolation of healthy goats from sick goats. There must be a dedicated venue during treatment. The hair and scabs removed from the sick sheep should be destroyed centrally. Clothes and equipment used by the treatment personnel must be thoroughly disinfected. Treated sick sheep should move around in places not contaminated by mites. Food. (2) Regularly bathe the sheep in medicine. (3) Build standard sheep houses, stilted buildings, and leaky sheep houses, and remove feces in a timely manner. (4) Always pay attention to whether there is itching or hair loss in the sheep, promptly pick out suspected affected animals, raise them in isolation, quickly identify the cause, and take corresponding measures. (5) Control the number of animals raised per unit area and avoid making the herds too dense. No more than 2 goats should be raised per square meter. (6) When purchasing, exchanging or otherwise introducing goats from other places, you should know in advance whether there is scabies in the area. After the introduction, the sheep should be carefully observed and inspected for scabies mites. Only after it is confirmed that there are no mites, can they be raised in groups. (7) During autumn and winter, especially in rainy weather, it is necessary to strengthen feeding and management, improve the resistance of sheep, and implement medicinal baths to prevent disease. (8) Pay attention to the role of non-susceptible mites in the spread of this disease and wild animals carrying mites, and take precautions as much as possible to prevent intermediate livestock owners from carrying mites. ?

3. Treatment.

Isolate and treat animals that have been diagnosed in a timely manner. ?

(1) Commonly used treatment drugs: ①Spray or scrub the sheep body with 0.5-1% trichlorfon solution. When scrubbing, add 50ml of white wine per kilogram of the solution and scrub again. Repeat scrubbing once every other week. ; ② Spray or medicated bath with 0.025-0.05% fendulin lactic acid solution; ③ Mix 10-20 parts of coal tar and 100 parts of Vaseline and apply it to the affected area; ④ Apply 0.01-0.05% Shuangmi to the affected area and wait for 10 days Repeat once; ⑤ Lime sulfur mixture: Mix 350g of sulfur, 50g of salt, and 65g of lime, make an emulsion with water, apply it to the affected area, and apply it again a week later. ⑥ Soak the affected area with warm soapy water, then scrape off the scab with a bamboo blade until it bleeds slightly, then rinse with water and evenly apply tobacco infusion, 10% sulfonate tincture or trichlorfon powder. ⑦ Prepare a solution of 1:100 Bacteria and water, apply it to the affected area, twice a day, and then once every 2 days. ?

(2) Special medication: ① Take a medicated bath with disinfectant compound phenol 1:200 mixed with water, or apply it to the affected area with 1:100 mixed with water, and do it again after 5-7 days; ② Use Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Zanthoxylum bungeanum. Boil hot vegetable oil or androsonine mixed with hot vegetable oil and rub it on the affected area, and rub it again after five days (the oil temperature is 40-50 degrees). ?

(3) Subcutaneously inject ivermectin or avermectin 0.2 mg/kg into the neck for 3 days, and then treat once every 5 to 7 days. ?

(4) Take 20 grams each of sulfur, sophora flavescens, rhizome, and toodandan seeds, add 800 ml of water, decoct to 400 ml, and drink it once a day for 3 days. ?

(5) When the disease is severe, choose a sunny and warm weather, and after moderate shearing, use a 0.05% to 0.1% solution of 20% lindane EC and water for a medicated bath. Be careful not to let the sheep drink the medicinal bath water, and at the same time, let the sheep stay in the medicinal solution for 1 to 2 minutes. Bath drugs can also be used as benzamidine, zinc phosphorus, trichlorfon, etc.

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(6) Precautions during treatment: ① Strictly isolate the affected animals, and treatment must be carried out in a dedicated venue; ② Scabies mites are parasitic on the inner layer of goat skin, and the treatment must be applied vigorously and repeatedly to achieve the best effect. Good; ③ Before treatment, cut off the hair on the affected area and surrounding areas, remove dirt and scabs, and scrub with warm soapy water, 2% warm Lysol water or warm plant ash water to avoid bleeding; ④ Remove all contamination from the affected animal Collect and destroy all mites, such as hair, scabs, etc., and all treatment equipment and tools must be thoroughly disinfected; ⑤ Acaricide drugs can usually only kill the insect body, but not the eggs. According to the development rules of mites, treat them every 5- Treatment must be repeated in 7 days; ⑦ All persons who come into contact with infected animals must be thoroughly disinfected and change clothes. ?

7. Goat diarrhea?

(1) Lamb diarrhea:

A variety of pathogenic microorganisms can cause lamb diarrhea, among which Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, Salmonella, rotavirus, bovine diarrhea virus, etc. The disease generally occurs in lambs within 7 days of age, with the highest incidence in lambs aged 2 to 4 days, and comprehensive prevention and control measures must be taken. Prevention and treatment methods: (1) Oral administration of 0.125 to 0.25 grams each of oxytetracycline and streptomycin, and 1 tablet of lactomycin, twice a day; (2) Intramuscular injection of Shigenbacterium, 1 to 2 ml each time, 2 times is enough; (3) Oral administration of poplar flower decoction, synergistic Xiexinin, and Weidikan is highly effective in treating diarrhea caused by viruses. ?

(2) Lamb dysentery:

Clostridial dysentery of lambs, referred to as lamb dysentery, is mainly caused by Clostridium weldenii type B and is an acute infectious disease of lambs. Characterized by severe diarrhea and small intestinal ulcers. Preventive method: In areas prone to the disease, lambs should be vaccinated every year with the five-combination vaccine of "Sheep Rapid Blight, Enterotoxemia, Lamb Blight, Lamb Dysentery, and Sheep Black Blight". The dosage and usage should be used according to the instructions. The immunity period is generally 9 months. Ewes were subcutaneously injected with 2 ml and 3 ml of formaldehyde-inactivated lamb dysentery vaccine 30 days and 20 days before delivery, respectively. Lambs can obtain passive immunity by eating colostrum. Treatment method: Orally take 0.2 to 0.3 grams of oxytetracycline or 0.2 to 0.3 grams of oxytetracycline and protease, mixed with water and taken by gavage, twice a day for 2 to 3 days; you can also combine dimethonin and sulfonamide according to 1: After mixing at a ratio of 5, the sick lambs were dosed with 30 mg per kilogram of body weight. ?

(3) Gastroenteritis:

Gastroenteritis refers to inflammation of the gastrointestinal mucosa and its deep tissues caused by a certain cause. Most sheep suffer from enteritis. ?

[Cause] Due to improper feeding, poor feed quality, unreasonable feed preparation, moldy feed, ingestion of poisonous plants and chemical poisons, unclean drinking water, and ingestion of a large amount of green feed. Poor hygiene in the sheep house, failure to keep the sheep house warm and rainproof, improper use of medication or excessive dosage of laxatives can be the cause of the disease. In addition, it will also be accompanied by the course of certain infectious and parasitic diseases (such as sheep nose fly maggots, coccidiosis, etc.). ?

[Symptoms] The sick sheep are in low spirits, their appetite and rumination are reduced or disappeared, their skin temperature is irregular, their nose is dry, they often have stomatitis and a large amount of saliva flows out; their pulse and breathing are accelerated, and their rumen peristalsis is slow, which sometimes occurs Mild nausea, rumen peristalsis sometimes intensifies, and belching is often present. There is pain on palpation of the abdomen. Diarrhea, soft or watery feces, foul or fishy odor, and sheep tail is often contaminated with feces. Bowel sounds are enhanced during diarrhea, but weaken or disappear in the later stages of the disease. When inflammation mainly attacks the stomach and small intestine, intestinal sounds gradually weaken, defecation decreases, dry feces are dark in color, often mixed with mucus, and diarrhea occurs later. In secondary gastroenteritis, symptoms of the primary disease appear first, and then symptoms of gastroenteritis appear. ?

[Treatment] The cause must first be identified and eliminated. The principle of treatment is to cleanse the gastrointestinal tract. Protect the intestinal mucosa, prevent putrefaction and fermentation of gastrointestinal contents, protect heart function, relieve poisoning, prevent dehydration and strengthen nursing. ① 15 grams of artificial salt and 30 ml of paraffin oil should be taken orally once into the sheep. Then, 8 tablets of 0.25g of sulfaamidine, 8 tablets of 0.3g of baking soda, 3g of sulfamethoxazole and water were given to the sheep once a day and 3 times a day. ② When passing watery feces, use 20 to 40 grams of activated carbon, 3 grams of semen, 2 grams of tannic acid protein, and 4 grams of sulfamidine, which should be taken orally once to the adult sheep. In severe cases, atropine sulfate can also be injected intramuscularly to stop diarrhea. ③ Take 4 0.5g compound sulfamethoxazole tablets, 6 0.3g baking soda tablets, and 7 0.3g tannic acid protein tablets once a day for adult sheep. ④ One vial of 100,000 units of gentamicin sulfate and 10 ml of 1% berberine sulfate, injected into Houhai point. ⑤ Take chloramphenicol tablets, 0.25g each time for lambs, 2 to 3 times a day.

⑥Infusion can be used when dehydrated, 500 ml of sugar saline, 2 ml of 10% sodium sodium, and 5 ml of 40% methenamine can be injected intravenously once. When you are severely dehydrated, you also need to supplement potassium, alkali, vitamin C, etc. ⑦ Chinese medicine can be used for treatment such as Pulsatilla Decoction, Yujin Powder, and Wumei Powder. ?

[Prevention] Pay attention to the quality of forage, do not feed moldy and spoiled forage, and feed at regular intervals to prevent competition for food and uneven hunger and fullness. Drinking water should be clean, prevent overdrinking, and give warm water in winter. Do not eat large amounts of green feed on an empty stomach and deworm regularly. ?

(4) Lamb indigestion: Lamb indigestion is a common digestive tract disease. The disease is mainly characterized by digestive dysfunction and varying degrees of diarrhea. After the lambs reach 2 to 3 months of age, the disease gradually decreases. ?

[Cause] Improper feeding and management of ewes, newborn lambs cannot eat colostrum or eat colostrum too late, and the quality of colostrum is too poor. Lactating ewes are sick, and the breast milk contains pathological products and pathogenic microorganisms. Insufficient or deficient vitamins in breast milk, especially vitamin A, vitamin B, and vitamin C. The lambs are cold or the sheep house is damp, and the sanitary conditions are poor. Artificial breastfeeding of lambs cannot be done regularly and quantitatively, and improper supplementary feeding of lambs in the later period can cause indigestion. ?

[Symptoms] Indigestion in lambs often occurs during lactation, and the main symptom of the disease is diarrhea. The feces is mostly gray-green, mixed with bubbles and small white clots (fatty acid soap), has a sour smell, and is mixed with undigested curds and feed fragments. Accompanied by mild nausea and abdominal pain. During persistent diarrhea, skin elasticity is reduced due to dehydration, the coat becomes matted and loses its luster, and the eyeballs become sunken. In simple indigestion, the body temperature is generally normal or low. Toxic dyspepsia may manifest certain neurological symptoms, with a sudden drop in body temperature in the later stages. ?

[Treatment] Principle: Improve sanitary conditions, strengthen feeding and management, pay attention to nursing, inhibit bacteria and reduce inflammation, promote digestion, prevent acidosis, and stop gastrointestinal fermentation and putrefaction processes. ① Fast for 8 to 10 hours and feed warm saline or sugar saline. ② Indigestion, diarrhea and bloating, you can take 1 to 2 grams of digestive medicine lactase and 2 grams of yeast tablets mixed with warm water and mixed with milk. ③ Severe diarrhea and dark stools. In addition to digestive drugs, intramuscular injection of kanamycin 20,000 units/kg, twice a day; or chloramphenicol tablets 0.1 to 0.2 g, administered with pepsin and water, once 3 times a day; during dehydration, intravenously inject 250 ml to 300 ml of sugar and saline solution, plus 1 ml of 10% sodium chloride. ④ If the ewe's milk is insufficient or the ewe cannot breastfeed due to illness, artificial colostrum (10 to 15 ml of cod liver oil, 10 grams of sodium chloride, 3 to 5 fresh eggs, 1000 ml of fresh milk, mixed and stirred) Evenly), lamb 50 ml ~ 100 ml. Start by giving a quarter of the normal amount, and then gradually increase it to one-third to one-half, and dilute it with warm boiled water to about twice the amount. ?

[Prevention] Mainly pay attention to strengthening the feeding and management of lambs, feeding them regularly, quantitatively, and at a constant temperature, keeping the pens and drinking and feeding utensils clean and sanitary, and doing a good job in preventing cold and warmth in the cold winter and spring seasons. Lambs raised in sheds should exercise properly and get a certain amount of sunlight. To ensure the nutritional needs of ewes during pregnancy and lactation, pay attention to vitamin supplements. ?

8. Prevention and treatment of goat conjunctivitis?

Clinical symptoms:

Initial symptoms include shyness, heavy tears, and seeking shelter from light; loss of appetite and symptoms Mild fever; continues to develop conjunctivitis and varying degrees of keratitis; later manifests as severe conjunctivitis and ulcerative keratitis. Due to corneal edema and leukocyte infiltration, turbidity rings of varying sizes appear around the ulcer. The turbidity can spread to the entire cornea. If not treated in time, it can cause corneal perforation and lead to blindness. ?

Preventive measures: ?

1. Propagate and support yourself. Do not bring in sheep from diseased areas because even recovered sheep can still carry the bacteria. ?

2. Strengthen disinfection. The sheep body in the sheep house can be sprayed and disinfected regularly with Baidu. ?

3. Isolate sick sheep promptly. Once a weeping sheep is found, isolate it immediately and disinfect it thoroughly. ?Treatment: Mix penicillin (or gentamicin) and dimethicone into the eyes, 4 times a day, for 3-5 days, to achieve a better therapeutic effect. At the same time, it should be noted that cured sheep are prone to relapse. ?

① Western medicine: Clean the affected eye with %-3% boric acid solution, and apply erythromycin eye ointment twice a day.

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② Traditional Chinese medicine: Take 15 grams of gentian, 15 grams of bupleurum, 15 grams of white peony root, 15 grams of cassia, 15 grams of cassia, 20 grams of green chestnut, and 20 grams of chrysanthemum. 15 grams of cicada slough, 15 grams of atractylodes, 15 grams of talc, and 150 grams of licorice. Add water to decoct and take two doses.

9. Prevention and treatment of liver fascioliasis in goats?

[Symptoms and lesions] Acute infection cases in sheep are caused by the simultaneous infection of tens of thousands of metacercariae, which mostly occur in late summer. and autumn, but it is rare, sick sheep show elevated body temperature, abdominal distension, ascites, severe anemia, and severe cases can die within a few days. Chronic cases are more common and occur mostly in winter and spring. The affected sheep are highly emaciated, have pale mucous membranes, are anemic, have edema under the eyelids, under the jaw, and under the chest and abdomen, and may die from failure. Patients with acute infection have hepatomegaly, cellulose deposition on the liver capsule, bleeding, coagulated blood and very small worms in the dark red worm canals, and blood-colored fluid in the abdominal cavity. Adult worms can cause chronic cholangitis, Chronic hepatitis and anemia, early liver enlargement, later atrophy and sclerosis, bile duct dilation, thickening, thickening or blockage, worms and turbid and thick liquid can be seen when cut. ?

[Diagnosis] Make a comprehensive judgment based on symptoms, epidemic data, stool examination and post-mortem examination. Fecal examination can be done by water washing sedimentation method or nylon silk bag egg collection method. Only a few eggs are seen but no symptoms appear, which can only be regarded as carrier worms. Acute cases are diagnosed by finding large numbers of larvae in the liver at necropsy. In recent years, immunological methods such as intradermal allergy, indirect hemagglutination test or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay have been used for diagnosis. ?

[Prevention and Control] There are many drugs for the treatment of fascioliasis. ① Thiodichlorophenol can be used, 80 mg to 100 mg per kilogram of body weight, taken once a day, and is effective against adult worms. ②Albhimazole 10 mg-15 mg per kilogram of body weight, taken orally once, is effective against adult worms and also has certain effects on child worms. ③Triclobenzole (Hepa Hirudin), 10 mg per kilogram of body weight, taken orally once, is effective against adult and child worms. ④ Inject cyanide sodium subcutaneously, 0.1ml/kg. ? [Prevention] ① Deworm regularly, once every spring and autumn. If grazing is done all year round, deworming can be carried out three times a year. In acute cases, deworming can be done at any time. It is best to deworm animals grazing in the same pasture at the same time to reduce the source of infection. ② Carry out feces management, fermentation treatment and snail extermination. ③Keep animal drinking water and feed grass hygienic. Do not feed raw aquatic feed and drink raw water in endemic areas. Prevent grazing and drinking water from low-lying grasslands.

10. Prevention and treatment of goat infectious impetigo

1. Incidence: A sheep farm introduced 60 2-3 month old dairy goats, starting on the 3rd day after the introduction of the goats One week after the onset of the disease, the incidence of aphtha in sheep reached 63%, of which 3 died, and the rest gradually recovered after 15-20 days of treatment. The incidence rate of sheep pink eye reaches 317%. ?

2. Clinical symptoms: The sick sheep are in low spirits, have reduced feed intake, and stand in the corner. First, small and scattered red spots appear on the skin of the lips, corners of the mouth, nose or eyelids; 2-3 After a few days, nodules the size of rice grains form, and then become blisters or pustules. After the pustules rupture, they form yellow or brown hard scabs, which are firmly attached to the red papillary growths in the dermis; in mild cases, this scab Gradually expand, thicken, and dry, and fall off and return to normal within 1-2 weeks; in severe cases, papules, blisters, pustules, and wart-like scabs continue to occur in the affected area. And fuse with each other, which can spread to the entire lips, forehead, eyelids, auricles and other parts, forming a large area of ??dirty scab with cracks and easy bleeding. There is proliferation of granulation tissue under the scab, causing the entire lip to become swollen and everted. It is mulberry-like, and there are ulcers of varying sizes on the oral tongue and upper and lower palate mucous membranes. There is redness at the lesion, which seriously affects feed intake. Some lambs with severe disease have dry coats, slow growth, gradually become thinner, and finally die from failure. . In addition to the above symptoms, 19 sheep were affected in one or both eyes. Initially, they experienced tearing, blindness, and swollen eyelids; later, the cornea bulged, the surrounding congestion, edema, the conjunctiva and nictitating membrane were red and swollen, or small white or gray lesions appeared on the cornea. point. In severe cases, the cornea thickens, ulcers occur, corneal pannus forms, or blindness occurs. ?

3. Treatment: There is no specific treatment for this disease, and only clinical trauma treatment and supportive therapy can be used. Sick lambs were raised in isolation, and the affected areas were first washed with 0.1%-0.2% potassium permanganate solution, and then smeared with 3% gentian violet, iodine glycerin or oxytetracycline and penicillin ointment, 3 times a day, every Only ribavirin 2m1 and vitamin C 5m1 were injected intramuscularly, twice a day.

For severe cases, in order to prevent secondary infection, each animal can be intramuscularly injected with antibiotics such as penicillin 1600,000-2.4 million Iu, streptomycin sulfate 1g, or oral sulfa drugs; for sheep with pinkeye, 2% to 4% boric acid can be used Rinse the eyes with the solution, and then instill penicillin solution diluted with water for injection into the eyes, 3 times a day, and recovery will occur in 2-3 days. If the disease occurs repeatedly, and corneal turbidity or pannus occurs, use 1%-2% Apply yellow mercury-reducing ointment 2-3 times a day. Secondly, to strengthen feeding and management, special personnel can be assigned to take care of the sick lambs, and the sick lambs should be fed with high-quality forage and concentrate, preferably fresh green grass. ?

4. Summary?

(1) Sheep aphtha is a common infectious disease in sheep farms. Lambs aged 2 to 5 months are susceptible and often suffer from mass epidemics. Adult sheep are less susceptible and generally suffer from sporadic infection. The disease has no obvious seasonality, but is most common in spring and summer. This disease is complicated by sheep pinkeye, which has a greater impact on the growth of lambs. ?

(2) The main transmission route of these two diseases is contact infection. Dairy goats like top horns. Therefore, the affected lambs must be isolated and raised immediately, and the affected sheep pens and surrounding environment must be inspected immediately. , troughs, water basins and other utensils should be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected with poison, 2% sodium hydroxide or 20% lime water. ?

(3) Careful feeding is the key to the treatment of this disease. Because of aphtha, the oral mucosa of lambs is relatively delicate, which affects their feed intake. They should be given more refined feed and high-quality grass, as well as an appropriate amount of salt to prevent heterophilia such as eating soil and chewing walls. ?

(4) Make preparations before introducing sheep. The sheep house should be disinfected with 2% hot caustic soda water or 100% poison 2-3 days before entering the sheep. ?

(5) Be careful not to introduce sheep, purchase feed, and livestock products from epidemic areas. Newly introduced sheep must have their hooves cleaned, disinfected, and isolated for observation for 3-4 weeks. After quarantine, only those who are determined to be healthy can be fed in groups. ?

(6) Clean up the feces in time, and harmlessly treat the dead sheep and feces; strengthen the ventilation of the sheep house to keep it dry and hygienic. ?

(7) The disease is mainly infected through trauma. Care should be taken to protect the mucous membrane and skin, especially during the teething stage of lambs. Avoid feeding hard and prickly grass or grazing on prickly grass to prevent Damage occurs. At the same time, this disease can infect people, so people should be careful about their protection. ?

(8) In areas where sheep aphthous disease is endemic, sheep aphthous attenuated cell freeze-dried vaccine should be vaccinated promptly. Each sheep should be injected with 0.2ml, and sheep pox vaccine should be vaccinated in a timely manner.

11. Prevention and treatment of goat contagious pleuropneumonia?

[Symptoms] During illness, body temperature rises, depression, loss of appetite, followed by cough, serous nasal discharge, 4 After 5 to 5 days, the cough worsens, becomes dry and painful, the nasal fluid becomes purulent, often adheres to the nostrils and upper lip, and is rust-colored; the patient has difficulty breathing, high fever persists, and the waist and back are arched in pain. Most pregnant sheep miscarry. Belly distension and diarrhea, even mouth ulcers, swollen eyes and face, half-open mouth, foamy saliva, straight head and neck, and finally the sick sheep died of exhaustion. The disease usually lasts from 7 days to 15 days, and can last up to 1 month. Those who survive can become chronic. The lesions are mostly limited to the chest. There is light yellow fluid in the chest. Fibrin clots occur after exposure to air. Fibrinous pneumonia appears in the lungs and the cut surface appears marble-like. Pleural and pericardial adhesions. The bronchial nodes and longitudinal lymph nodes were swollen, with bleeding points, pericardial effusion, hepatosplenomegaly, kidney enlargement, and small bleeding points under the capsule. ?

[Diagnosis] The diagnosis can be made based on clinical symptoms and pathological changes on autopsy. ?

[Treatment] ① Intravenous injection of new arsenic alumamine (914). 0.3g to 0.5g for adult sheep; 0.1g to 2g for lambs under 5 months old; 0.2g to 0.14g for young sheep over 5 months old. Dissolve in 50ml to 100ml of sugar saline for slow intravenous injection. If necessary, inject again after 3 to 5 days and reduce the dose by half. ② Oxytetracycline 25 mg/kg to 50 mg/g, taken twice a day. ③Chloramphenicol 30 mg/g to 50 mg/g, taken orally in two doses. ④ At the beginning of the disease, the Chinese medicinal herb Qingfei Powder can also be decoctioned and then taken by gavage. ⑤Other symptomatic treatment. ? [Prevention] Adhere to self-propagation and self-support, and introduce sheep from epidemic areas in a hurry. Strengthen feeding and management to enhance the physical fitness of sheep. Sheep introduced from other places should be isolated and observed before they can be grouped together until they are deemed to be disease-free. Regular preventive injections are carried out with goat infectious pleuropneumonia aluminum hydroxide vaccine, 3 ml is injected subcutaneously or intramuscularly into sheep under six months old, and 5 ml is injected into sheep over six months old. The immunity period is one year.

12. Prevention and treatment of goat mastitis

Goat mastitis is a very harmful disease. The incidence of mastitis after lambing is high, resulting in an increase in the mortality rate of Boer lambs and causing significant economic losses. ?

(1) Clinical symptoms: The common type of goat mastitis is a disease in which the mammary gland and nipples are inflamed due to infection by pathogenic microorganisms, and the physical and chemical properties of the milk are also changed. It can be divided into four types according to clinical symptoms. ?

1. The most acute type: This is the most serious type. The infected breast area is red, swollen, hot, and painful. The affected limbs are severely lame. The body temperature rises to more than 40°C. The patient is extremely depressed and refuses to give up. Lactation, trembling, loss of appetite, rapid weight loss, and lactation in most sheep decreases sharply or even stops completely. 2. Acute type: Sudden onset, extreme breast enlargement, flushed skin, hot pain on palpation, elevated body temperature, rapid pulse, slow corneal reflex, depression, decreased or nonexistent appetite, sharp drop in lactation, severe cases Unable to express milk, the milk deteriorates and becomes yellow-white, yellow-brown or red, with sticky clots of varying sizes. The course of the disease can last for several days and can turn into chronic mastitis. 3. Subacute type: There is no obvious change in the udder, and the ewe seems not to have been harmed by the disease, but there are persistent clots in the milk, especially in the first few drops of milk. ?

4. Chronic type: mostly transformed from the acute type. This is a common type of mastitis that is not easy to cure and has a higher incidence rate. Sick sheep often have a history of recurring episodes of progressive inflammation. It shows abnormal milk, with clots or flocculent milk lumps, and the milk production decreases. After a few hours, the goat milk is divided into upper and lower layers with clear boundaries. The upper layer is watery and the lower layer is creamy. After repeated attacks, hard lumps appear in the breasts and hard cords form on the nipples. Some diseased breast areas atrophy completely, and some breasts form abscesses, leading to sepsis and death. The disease has a long course, usually lasting several months or even longer.

(2) Preventive measures: Establish and improve the mastitis inspection system to prevent diseased sheep from entering and spreading among the flock. Treat clinical mastitis sick sheep promptly and detect sick sheep promptly. ?

The prevention of this disease is mainly based on the cause of the disease. It is necessary to strengthen feeding and management, keep the sheep house dry and clean, strictly eliminate viruses, avoid breast trauma, prevent breeders from whipping sheep, and prevent breast damage from freezing due to excessive weather. . Cut off the dirty hair around the udder before lambing to reduce the chance of infection. If possible, clean the udder with disinfectant before lambing. To prevent inflammation caused by swollen breasts when the lamb cannot eat, milk appropriately. Before each expression, wash your breasts and nipples with a mild antiseptic solution and dry them with a towel. Soak the nipples with disinfectant after each milking to reduce bacterial infection; keep the sheep house, sports field, feeding trough, and drinking water pool clean and disinfect them regularly; trim the hooves at least twice a year to prevent damage to the udder. Cull sheep with chronic mastitis to prevent infection of healthy ewes.

(3) Treatment methods:

1. First of all, the refined and juicy materials in the diet should be reduced, and drinking water should be limited to stop lactation in the sheep's udders. ?

2. Secondly, increase the number of milkings, promptly remove milk and inflammatory exudates, and reduce the tension of breast tissue. You can also use a wide cloth or bra to hold up the breasts to improve breast blood flow. Circulation stabilizes and rests the breasts. ?

3. For severe mastitis, the milk can be restored by intramuscular injection of diethylstilbestrol, 5 mg each time, 2 to 3 times a day, for 3 to 5 days, and the milk restoring effect is significant. ?

4. For acute mastitis, highly effective antibiotics or sulfa drugs should be selected for treatment.

Goat pest control

1. Pay attention to deworming: Sheep farmers should deworm twice a year, that is, once in spring and autumn, from February to April in spring and from September to November in autumn. Short-term fattening sheep should be dewormed at the beginning of fattening. . There are many types of anthelmintic drugs. The most widely used drugs now are albendazole tablets and abamectin tablets. It is best to use the two drugs together. The method is to use one anthelmintic drug first, and then use the other anthelmintic drug after 15 days. Insecticide is used to deworm one more time. Deworming is carried out on an empty stomach between 6:00 and 7:00 in the morning. Take 1 tablet for every 10kg of the sheep's weight. Do not eat after taking the medicine. After 6 hours, the sheep can be given water before eating. This will have a better effect. ?

2. Prevention of epidemic diseases: In order to prevent the spread of epidemic diseases, a certain area inside and outside the sheep house, as well as common facilities and utensils, should be disinfected regularly. At the same time, sheep should be vaccinated against epidemic diseases in accordance with the requirements of veterinarians. It is necessary to develop the habit of regularly observing the status of the sheep to detect diseases. Diagnose and treat sheep promptly to prevent problems before they occur.

Why do goats lose hair in winter?

The climate in winter is cold and the feed dries up. Sheep often do not eat enough, resulting in serious nutritional deficiencies, "hunger hair" and thin hair roots. It is not strong and easy to fall off. In severe cases, it falls off in pieces on the neck, shoulders, upper abdomen, and back of the sheep. This is the so-called nutritional hair loss.