Social Focus: 48.3% of the second generation immigrants identify themselves as Spanish.
According to
Social Focus: 48.3% of the second generation immigrants identify themselves as Spanish.
According to Spain's Oulang. Recent research data show that the second-generation immigrants living in Spain are increasingly integrated into Spanish society, and generally say that they are not discriminated against by their parents' nationality. The specific data is that 48.3% of the second generation immigrants identify themselves as Spanish. The research shows that there is not much difference in life between the second generation immigrants and the Spanish native young people of the same age, but the income of immigrant families is lower than that of Spaniards.
This "longitudinal study" report on the second generation of Spanish immigrants includes two main parts. First, during 2007-2008, 7,000 second-generation immigrants aged from 12 to 14 were interviewed from 180 schools in Madrid and Barcelona, and then more than 5,300 immigrants were selected and their growth was observed for four years.
Professor Alejandro Portes of Princeton University in the United States and Professor Rosa Aparicio of the Institute of Ortega y Gasset University in Spain have come to the conclusion that the second generation of immigrants generally have little difficulty in integrating into Spanish society, and the integration speed is slow, but it is stable and progressing well.
According to the research report, nearly half of the second-generation immigrants feel that they are no different from the Spanish, which is 20% higher than that in 2008, that is, only 28.7% of the original respondents agree that they are Spanish. Although the birthplace of the second-generation immigrants is closely related to whether they recognize the identity of "Spanish", nearly 20% of the second-generation immigrants born in Spain still do not consider themselves Spanish.
According to this report, immigrant children have a new definition. Those immigrant children who were born in their parents' motherland or other places and then brought to Spain by their parents are called "immigrants 1.5 generation". Among them, those who identify with Spain are from the Philippines (69.57%) and Bulgaria (65%); On the contrary, 65% of the "immigrant generation 1.5" respondents from Bolivia and China do not consider themselves Spanish.
In terms of making friends, although some data show that the number of Spanish friends owned by the second generation of immigrants has increased by 12.4% compared with 2008, in fact, among the second generation of immigrants in China, 67% still said that most of their friends are compatriots of the second generation of immigrants; Even for the second-generation Filipino immigrants who are relatively recognized as Spanish, 78% of the respondents said that they "love to play with their own people".
As for learning, although the average score of the second generation of immigrants in school is only 0.5 percentage points lower than that of local Spanish students, their dropout rate is very high, especially for the second generation of immigrants born in Spain. In 2008, 84.6% of the respondents were studying, while in 20 12, the figure was only 10%. Among them, the second-generation immigrants from China have the highest dropout rate (according to the age at the time of interview in 2008 12 to 14, and the age at the time of interview in 20 16 to 18), and the biggest reason for dropping out of school is that they are required to participate in the family business. As far as learning is concerned, 32.5% of those who are still studying are in junior high schools, 65,438+04% have secondary diplomas from vocational training schools, 5% are studying in universities, and most of the rest are in senior high schools or vocational training schools. It is worth emphasizing that in these data, girls in the second generation of immigrants have more advantages than boys.
The reporter interviewed several second-generation immigrants from China who grew up in Spain. Xiao Tong (pseudonym) and Xiao Chang (pseudonym) are brother and sister. My sister Xiao Tong was born in China and was taken to Spain by her parents when she was 6 years old. She is currently in college, and her younger brother Xiao Chang was born in Spain and is in junior high school. According to the definition in the above research report, Xiao Tongjie is a "1.5 generation immigrant".
On the issue of "Spanish" status, Xiao Tong said, "Although I am Spanish and legally Spanish, I still feel that I am more from China, which may be related to being born in China." Xiao Tong told reporters that his younger brother was born in Spain and also has Spanish nationality, and he completely feels that he is Spanish. He basically speaks Spanish and doesn't like to speak Chinese with his parents. Even his lazy personality is similar to that of young Spaniards.
Xiao Tong's friends are half from China and half from Spain. "China people are the children of their parents and friends. They grew up together and played together. Later, I went to college, met several foreign students from China, and got along well. Some Spanish friends are children of neighbors, most of them are classmates at school, and some go out to play. " Most of my brother's friends are Spanish or the second generation of immigrants from other countries. In terms of learning, Xiao Tong got excellent grades. Although the family hoped that Xiao Tong would not go to college to help in the shop, Xiao Tong stubbornly admitted to a public university and took a part-time job to reduce the burden on her family. On the contrary, my younger brother, whose language is the same as that of the Spanish, has poor grades and is unwilling to learn. Xiao Tong is not surprised that his younger brother has no intention of studying. "My parents are too busy looking after the store to take care of him. Anyway, they can't read, so they go to the store to help. Many immigrants around me are like this. I just don't want to open a shop all my life before I go to college. I want to do something different. "
Xiao Fan (pseudonym), another immigrant interviewed, was born in China and grew up in Spain, just like Xiao Tong, but her fate was completely different. Xiaofen dropped out of high school. According to her, this means "I really can't study any more". Xiao fen was 1 1 year old when she went abroad. After coming to Spain, she has been studying hard, and her parents have no extra time to take care of her, so she gave up completely after reluctantly studying in Grade One. Xiao fen told reporters, "I think this is enough. Anyway, my Spanish is already very good, so I can do anything. In fact, I am very fortunate that I graduated from primary schools in China and can still write a few words. " After dropping out of high school, Xiao fen has been helping the family look after the store. At first glance, it is five years. As a "Spaniard", Xiao Fan did not hesitate to think that he was from China. "My friends are all from China, and I am used to staying in the Chinese community. It should be said that I * * * have more of the same language. "
Although the report points out that most second-generation immigrants born in Spain agree that they are Spanish, a considerable number of them are exceptions. Xiaofeng (pseudonym) 10 years old, born in Spain, returned to China for the first time a year ago. After returning from China, he was completely fascinated by China. "How wonderful China is! I don't want to be Spanish!" This is what Xiaofeng often says. In his eyes, life in Spain is boring and he can't play with his classmates. Usually, his parents care about his work and pay little attention to him, which makes him look forward to the life that his grandparents take double care of in China.
It can be seen that the second generation of China immigrants mostly agree that they are from China, followed by the legal status of "Spanish". The second generation of immigrants born in China mostly consider themselves as China people, and the older they get, the more they identify with "China people". The relative closure of the Chinese community is one of the obstacles for the second generation immigrants to integrate into Spanish society. Similarly, parents don't care enough about their children, and they don't pay enough attention to the cultivation of their children's learning ability, which also causes the second generation of immigrants to be unable to get in touch with Spanish society well through their study and life. Tying children to the family business makes them unable to rely on their own talents and efforts to enter all social classes in Spain. On the other hand, it deepens the closed and endless cycle of Chinese circles.
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