At the beginning, Sun Quan said to Lv Meng, "You are in charge now, not to study!" ! "Lv Mengyong army has all kinds of excuses. Quan said, "Do you want to study Confucian classics as a doctor's evil? But when you dabble, look over. Too much talk, who is lonely? I often study alone, and I think it is very beneficial. " Monroe began to study.

After Lu Su visited Yang, he consulted with Meng and said in great shock, "You are a talented person, not a martial monk!" Lv Meng said: "The upright people have been watching for a few days. You know how late it is when you look at something so late." Lu Su met Lu Meng's mother and became friends with Lu Meng.

(The original text has no punctuation marks. Punctuation marks are added for future generations. )

[Edit this paragraph] 2. words explanation

1. Selected from Tongzhi Jian (Zhonghua Book Company, 1957 edition), Volume 66, titled by the editor. Zi Tong Zhi Jian is a general history compiled by Sima Guang, which records the historical events from the Warring States Period to the Five Dynasties *** 1362. Sima Guang (10 19— 1086) was a politician and historian in the Northern Song Dynasty.

2, the beginning: the beginning, then.

3. Right: refers to Sun Quan (182—252), a native of Fuchun (now Fuyang, Zhejiang), and Wu Jun, the founder of the State of Wu in the Three Kingdoms period.

5. Qing: Ancient monarchs treated ministers or friends, especially posthumous title.

6. Power: Power means power. Tu Li tong Tao. Be in charge of affairs.

7. Resignation: Rejection.

8. business: business.

9. Loneliness: the idea of ancient princes.

10, Confucian classics: Confucian classics. Classics: refers to the Book of Changes, Poems, Books, Spring and Autumn Annals, The Book of Rites and other books.

1 1. Doctor: the name of an ancient scholar.

14, dabble in: browse widely.

15, looking over: understanding history. I see, I see.

16, yes: so, just.

17 and: It should be ...

18, crossing: arriving.

19, and: wait until

20. Xunyang: County name, now southwest of Huangmei, Hubei.

2 1. Talent and strategy: military or political talent and strategy.

22, not complicated: no longer.

23. More: Come again

24. Scratch each other's eyes: look at each other with different eyes. Scrape one's eyes

25. Big Brother: Big Brother, this is a courtesy title for elders of the same generation.

26, see things: recognize things. See: recognize and recognize.

27. but: only, only.

28. Ruoruo: Which one is like it?

Say: Say to ... ...

30. just: engage in

3 1, Sui: So, just

32. Say goodbye to three days: ambitious people are separated for a few days. Three: a few days,

33. why

34. Monroe (178-2 19): Zi Ming, a great general of Wu in the Three Kingdoms period, once killed Guan Yu.

35. Ear: Tonger, modal particle, that's all.

36. Wu Xia: It refers to the State of Wu, now Suzhou, Jiangsu.

37. Mr. Hu: Why?

Nye: So, just

Start: start

And: and.

Discussion: discussion

Discussion: discussion

Big: Very, very.

Surprise: surprise

Today: Now

Interviewer: Used after time words, without translation.

Answer: once again

Namely: justice

Mr. Hu: Why?

Goodbye: visit.

Sui: So, just

Just: near

1 common words

Qing Jin is in charge of painting: connecting "Tao" with Tao.

Evil (yé): "ye", modal particle, rhetorical question.

Word 2 is a polysemous word.

When: But when dabbling (auxiliary verb, should)

Dangtu is in charge (verb: positive)

3 Different meanings of ancient and modern times

Doctor: a scholar who specializes in teaching Confucian classics in ancient times. Today, a degree.

Past: ancient: refers to history. Today: a thing of the past

And: wait until ...

Big: Very, very.

What: You don't want it?

Just: intention is to rely on, this is to do.

Shi: the general term for characters.

Read this article first: Understanding.

The second view: recognize things clearly.

Pass: to arrive at, pass by

[Edit this paragraph] III. translate

At first, Sun Quan said to Lv Meng, "You are in charge of state affairs now, so you have to study!" Lv Meng rejected Sun Quan's persuasion by many military means. Sun Quan said, "I don't want you to be a learned scholar, but you should read widely and understand the past history. You said there was a lot of military affairs. What about someone like me? I often read books and feel that I have many benefits. " So Lumeng began to read.

When Lu Su went to Xunyang to discuss things, he was surprised and said, "You are a resourceful man now, not the old Amon under Wu!" Lu Meng said: "In a few days, ambitious people will look at each other with new eyes. Why did big brother see things change so late? " Then Lu Su met Monroe's mother and made friends with Monroe to say goodbye.

[Edit this paragraph] 4. Brief introduction of the author

Sima Guang (10 19— 1086), a writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. Xia County, Shaanxi Province (now Xia County, Shanxi Province) is known as "Mr. Su Shui". In the last years of Baoyuan Jinshi Renzong, he was appointed to Tianzhangge as a lecturer and remonstrator. He was determined to compile general records as a reference for feudal rule. In the third year of Zhiping (1066), it was written in eight volumes from the Warring States to the Qin Dynasty. Yingzong ordered a bureau to continue to repair. Zong Shen gave it the name "Purple Tongzhi Sword". When Wang Anshi adopted the New Deal, he strongly opposed it and argued with Wang Anshi in front of the emperor, emphasizing that the laws of his ancestors could not be changed. He was appointed as the deputy special envoy of the Committee, but he refused to resign. In the third year of Xining (1070), he became known as Yongxing Army (now Xi City, Shaanxi Province). The following year, he retired to Luoyang and continued to compile Tong Jian, which was completed in the seventh year of Yuanfeng (1084). From the beginning to the last edition, he wrote it himself. In the eighth year of Yuanfeng, Zhezong ascended the throne, and the Empress Dowager listened to politics and called her to Beijing to preside over state affairs. The following year, he served as a servant and assistant minister of Shangshu. A few months later, he abolished the new law and ousted the new party. In order to die for eight months, Wen Guogong was hunted down. He is the author of Sima Zheng Wen Gong Ji and Giguru.

[Edit this paragraph] V. Teaching Reference of People's Education Press

1, overall grasp

This article is adapted from previous history books. Because the previous history books have been recorded in detail and there is no new historical data to supplement them, this paper rewrites the relevant records of the previous history books according to the principle of ellipsis. Compared with the words quoted by Pei Songzhi in The Story of the Three Kingdoms and Wu Mengchuan, this article is only 1 19. Although extremely simple, it is well cut, which not only retains the essence of the original text and the integrity of the story, but also highlights the elegance of the characters with a more refined style. This is a successful rewrite.

This article is about Monroe's "beginner" under Sun Quan's persuasion, and soon her talent was amazing, which made Lu Su gasp in admiration and make friends with him. It can be divided into two layers: one is to write Sun Quan's "Persuade Learning" and Lu Meng's "Start Reading"; Later, Lu Su wrote "Discussion with Mongolia" and "Make Friends and Leave".

The notes in this article are concise, and the full text only includes two parts: Sun Quan's Persuasion and Lu Su's Discussion with Meng, that is, explain the cause of the matter first, and then write the result, instead of how to learn and how to improve your talent. The result of writing is not directly about how Monroe studied and succeeded, but vividly expressed through the dialogue between Lu Su and Monroe. When writing about Sun Quan's surrender, he focused on Sun Quan's words to show his good surrender, ignoring Lv Meng's dialogue, writing about Monroe's reaction with only one sentence "I resigned myself to doing more in the army" and writing about Monroe's acceptance of surrender with only one sentence "I started studying in Mongolia". Writing Lu Su's "Meeting with Meng Yi" focuses on their witty questions and answers to show the amazing progress of Monroe's talent, but omits the content of their "discussion" and ends with the sentence "Su Sui, the mother of Paimon, made friends and left".

2. Research on the problem

1. How does this article express the characters through dialogue?

This paper focuses on expressing characters through dialogue. The dialogue is concise, vivid and interesting. A few words can make people feel the tone, expression and psychology of the three characters when they speak.

Sun Quan advised him to study, and first pointed out to Lv Meng the necessity of "learning", that is, because of his important position as a servant, he had to study. Then he appeared and pointed out the possibility of "learning". So that Monroe could not refuse, "this is the beginning of learning." From Sun Quan's words, we can not only see his good words, but also feel his closeness, concern and expectation to Lv Meng, without losing his status as a master. "To be a talented person in today's life, you have to admire". It can be seen that Lu Su was surprised. In his eyes, Monroe has changed a lot, which shows that Monroe has made incredible and amazing progress because of "learning". It should be pointed out that Lu Su is not only superior to Monroe, but also knowledgeable. What he said can show that Monroe's progress is really extraordinary. "Don't say goodbye for three days, when you treat each other, why is it too late for Big Brother to see things?" This is Monroe's ingenious response to Lu Su's admiration. "Three days" is a short time. "Shaving your eyes" means wiping your eyes to show your surprise and disbelief. Besides, he loves talents very much. From Lu Meng's answer, we can see that he is quite complacent. His well-deserved calm attitude shows that he has made great progress. Sun Quan's words are exhortation, while Lu Su's and Monroe's words are ridicule, with different moods.

In this paper, Lu Su and Monroe laughed and joked with each other, showing their true temperament and harmonious relationship, showing Monroe's "learning" under Sun Quan's persuasion, and showing Monroe's achievements and vivid pen and ink in learning, which is the most exciting part of the whole paper.

2. Why did Lu Su "make friends" with Monroe?

The article ends with "Su Sui, the mother of Paimon, made friends and left". Lu Su took the initiative to "make friends" with Monroe because Lu Su was impressed by Monroe's talent and was willing to make friends with him. This shows that Lu Su respects and loves talents, and they are congenial. This last stroke is the aftertaste of Lu Su's "Discussion with Meng", which further shows the amazing progress of Monroe's talent from the side.

On the other hand, it is not difficult for us to understand why Lu Su "made friends" when Monroe "had to go back to becoming a monk in Wu". Is there no social reason? When you have talent and knowledge, you can see that this person will definitely make great achievements in the future. Why not make friends early now and take care of each other later? It seems that a person doesn't have many friends, and it is still very important whether you have "use value"!

3. Practice notes

First of all, read the text carefully and think about what the change of Lu Meng has inspired you.

The purpose of setting the topic is to make students understand the content of the text and be inspired by it.

Read the text aloud and pay attention to the tone expressed by the words added in the following sentences.

The purpose of the topic is to let students know the mood expressed by several modal particles in the text. Modal words in classical Chinese play an important role in expressing feelings and meanings, and they are numerous and flexible in usage, so we should pay attention to accumulating them at any time in the process of learning classical Chinese. The usage of modal particles in classical Chinese should be understood by reading aloud.

1. Lonely, do you want to be a doctor?

Evil: a rhetorical tone, equivalent to "horse"

But when you dabble, you can see the past.

Ear: it means restrictive mood, which can be translated as "just"

3. Brother, why is it too late?

Almost: expressing an exclamation tone is equivalent to "ah"

[Edit this paragraph] VI. relevant information

Brief introduction of purple tongzhi sword

Zi Tong Zhi Jian was written by Sima Guang in the Northern Song Dynasty. 294 volumes, 30 volumes with reference materials, 30 volumes with contents, about 3 million words. Chronological history. Sima Guang's Eight Volumes from Warring States to Qin Ershi, named Tongzhi, entered Song Yingzong. In the third year of Zhiping (1066), he was ordered to set up a bookstore to continue compiling, which lasted 19 years until the seventh year of Zongshen Yuanfeng (1084). Zongshen, with his "observation of his past, has the capital to rule his way", learned from the mistakes of the ancestors of the former king and never made the same mistakes again, hence the name "Zi Tongzhi Sword". The book began in the 23rd year of Zhou Weilie (403 BC) and ended in the 6th year of Zhou Shizong Xiande (959 BC). In addition to the seventeenth history, there are 222 kinds of materials, including unofficial history, biographies, anthologies and records. Liu Ban, Liu Shu, Fan Zuyu and Sima Kang. Help editors, everyone is responsible for their own strengths and parts. First, organize the materials into "clusters", then compile them into "long editions", and then finalize them by Sima Guang and delete them. The content is mainly political and military, with little economic culture. It records the historical events *** 1362 from the Warring States Period to the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. There is a "catalogue" for reference, which provides more systematic and complete information for historical research. Annotations mainly include Zi Yin Jian's Annotation at the end of Song Dynasty and the beginning of Yuan Dynasty. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Yan Yan made up the mistakes in publishing by writing "Learning from the Same Resources as a Mirror" and did some work. It recorded the epic event *** 1362 from the Warring States to the Five Dynasties.

About Lumen

Lu Meng (178-219) was born in Pi Fu (now southeast of Funan County, Anhui Province) in the Three Kingdoms period. According to the Ministry of Sun Ce, Deng Dang took over his subordinates when he died. Starting from Sun Quan, he attacked various places and served as a corps commander in Yokono. Later, Zhou Yu, Cheng Pu and others broke Cao Cao in Chibi. I didn't learn Chinese at first, but then I listened to Sun Quan's advice and read more history books and art books. Lu Su called him "knowledgeable and would not return to Wu Xia Meng." When Lu Su died, he led the army on his behalf, attacked Guan Yu, the general of Shu, and occupied Jingzhou. He died soon.

About Zhou Yu, Lu Su and Meng Yue, Sun Quan and Lu Xun said ... When I was young, I was lonely and called me bold and courageous. When you grow up, you can learn more and raise a little surprise. You can be the second in Gong Jin, but you can't talk about it. Guan Yu's paintings are better than amethyst. "

(Excerpted from the Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Zhi and Monroe)

About Lu Su

Lu Su (172~2 17), a famous politician, diplomat and strategist in Dongwu during the Three Kingdoms period, is about 1.8 meters tall today, Han nationality, living in Dongcheng (now Sihong lin huai zhen, Jiangsu). He is not only good at running the army, but also thoughtful and insightful. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms portrays him as a honest man, but ignores his talents, which is wrong.

Lu Su's father died when he was born, and he lived with his grandmother. Lu Su's family is extremely rich, but because no one in his ancestors was an official, although Lu Su's family is rich, it does not belong to the gentry class, but is only an aristocratic family with certain influence in the local area. According to the examination, Lu Su was handsome, ambitious and ingenious when he was young, and he loved fencing, riding and shooting. Lu Su is good at giving to others. Because of his rich family, he often calls teenagers together to talk about military training and martial arts. On sunny days, people go hunting in Nanshan (now known as Xuyi, Jiangsu), and on rainy days, people get together to practice martial arts.

Biography of the Three Kingdoms and Biography of Pei Songzhi's Notes and Citations on the River Table.

Biography of the Three Kingdoms, Wu Zhi and Monroe: "Lu Su took the place of Zhou Yu, and passed through Mengtun. Su Yi is still ignorant, or Su said,' General Lu's fame is becoming more and more obvious. You shouldn't treat him deliberately, but you should take care of him. I went to Yimeng. Meng drank too much and asked Sue, "You have a heavy responsibility and a close relationship with Guan Yu. "What are you going to do," Su Zao Times should say, "temporary charity." Meng said, "Although this matter is the same, Guan Yu is a tiger or a bear. Is it necessary to plan for safety? Because of the five strategies. Sue went to the table, patted him on the back and said, I don't know what you are capable of. So Paimon's mother made friends and left. When Quan said Meng, Jiang Qin said,' Your Majesty is in charge now, and you should learn to benefit others.' Meng said:' I always get into trouble in the army, but I'm afraid I can't go back to school. Quan said,' Do you want to be a doctor alone? But it's time to dabble in the past Too much talk, who is lonely? When I was a lonely teenager, I studied poetry, books, rites, Zuo Zhuan and Mandarin, but I didn't read Yi. Since the reunification, the chronicles of the three provinces (Historical Records, Hanshu and Dongguan Hanshu are three histories) and various military books all think it is of great benefit. If it is two people, you will be enlightened and you will learn. Why not do it? We should read Sun Tzu, Tamia Liu, Zuo Zhuan, Mandarin and Three History urgently. Confucius said, "It's no use thinking about it if you don't eat all day and stay up all night. It is better to learn. "Light Wudang military affairs, never put down the book, Meng De also claims to be old and studious, why don't you encourage yourself to learn evil? He studied tirelessly, and what he saw was invincible by the old Confucianism. After a generation of Zhou Yu, Lu Su often wanted to be wronged. Su Daimeng said behind his back: "I am called Big Brother, but I am very sensitive to martial arts. As for today, I have knowledge and don't want to go back to Wu to Amon. Meng said, "If you don't see me for three days, you will be even more surprised." . Brother, how can you call Hou? Brother, today's Gong Jin is unsustainable and close to Guan Yu. I am eager to learn. I think Zuo Zhuan is catchy, lively and heroic, but I am also quite conceited. Today and right, when there is a single complex (single complex, still strange and right, one of the ancient tactics), take Qing (Qing, when the "hometown." From Ruby) Wait. "The secret is to eliminate Chen's three strategies. Su Jing accepted and kept it a secret. Quan often sighs:' people are long and profitable, such as Jiang Qin, which cannot be covered. If you are rich and respectful, you will learn better, learn to pass on books, value wealth and righteousness, and be a national scholar. Why not rest? "

A man of little learning

Pei Songzhi quoted Biography of Jiang Biao: "When Quan said Meng, Jiang Qin said,' You are in charge now, so you should learn from yourself.' Gaspard monge: "In the army, I often have many tasks. I'm afraid I can't go back to school. Quan said,' Do you want to be a doctor alone? But it's time to dabble in the past Who is lonely when you talk too much? When I was a lonely teenager, I studied poetry, books, rites, Zuo Zhuan and Mandarin, but I didn't read Yi. Since the reunification, the three provincial histories and various military books have considered it of great benefit. If it is two people, you will be enlightened and you will learn. Why not do it? Read The Art of War, Six Classics, Zuo Zhuan, Mandarin and Three History. "... I have been studying since I was a child, and I am tireless in my determination. What I have seen is incomparable to old Confucianism. After a generation of Zhou Yu, Lu Su often wanted to be wronged. Su Daimeng said behind his back: "I am called Big Brother, but I am very sensitive to martial arts. As for today, I have knowledge and don't want to go back to Wu to Amon. "

Description: Wu Xia refers to Wu Dong. Amon refers to the Dongwu general Monroe. He was not knowledgeable enough, so Sun Quan advised him and Jiang Qin to read more military books and history books. Lv Meng's diligent study is of great benefit. Lu Su talked with him, but he was often refuted by Monroe. Lu Su said approvingly, You are no longer the old Wu Dong Amon. Later, he praised others as "Wu Xia Amon", which changed a lot and made obvious progress; Or the other way around. Modesty means that you have not made progress. Also known as "Amon Wu Xia". Jin Yuanmin's Reading Yu Xiong's Poems: "Wuxia Amon won't go to Japan, and the new article is about Jiuquan." Huang Qing Ren Jing's "Wen Zhi Ding Cun Mu You": "Amongwu is still the same, and he wants to go to church tomorrow."

Tell us the truth.

1) Through Sun Quan, Lv Meng was advised to study. After studying, Lu Meng made great progress and told us that "opening books is beneficial".

2) Don't look at others with a fixed attitude, but look at things with an open eye.

3) Don't give up studying just because things are busy. It is beneficial to persist in learning.

4) Be good at listening to other people's suggestions or opinions.

5) Tell us that as long as one dabbles extensively, one will learn something.

6) We should not only learn well, but also urge people nearby to learn and make the society progress together.

7) Don't be too proud, be modest.

8) Persuade people to pay attention to strategy.

9) You can't find an excuse to give up.

[Edit this paragraph] VII. Idioms in this article

Wu Xia Amon, scratch my face and say goodbye for three days, which will scratch my face even more.

[Edit this paragraph] VIII. Dangtu commentary

I think it is wrong to interpret Dangtu as being in charge together in the textbook. Dangtu, like Xunyang below, is a place name, located on the eastern edge of Anhui Province. As for Zhang Shi, it is an official position, just like the familiar magistrate, county magistrate and governor.

Sima Guang used Chinese characters, which were extremely refined. I won't use another word.

It is said that one of the reasons for Yuan Shu's independence as emperor during the Three Kingdoms period was a prophetic saying, "People who replaced the Han Dynasty should learn from the locals." . There are four interpretations of this sentence.

1. In order to encourage Yuan Shu to stand on its own feet as emperor, Sun Jian interpreted it as expressway. "smearing false Tao means' Tao'!" Slaughter is the right way. Road is road. This explanation is obviously inconsistent here.

2. Tu Gao: The original interpretation was Wei. "The History of the Three Kingdoms": "Wei is also famous but not famous, but when painting is high, saints take classes." As an official, he obviously won't go to Wei to apply for a job, so he doesn't meet the requirements.

3. In other words, being in power and seeking things in the article makes sense at first glance, but it is not. Let's study it. Yuan Shu proclaimed himself emperor just because his words had a little far-fetched connection with Dangtugao, which was obviously too hasty. After all, he is also a vassal all the way, not so stupid. There must be other reasons. At that time, Yuan Shu controlled dangtu county. If that's the reason, it makes sense. If interpreted as being in power, it is obvious that Yuan Shu did not have that high power at that time.

Conclusion: Because Sun Quan and Yuan Shu are both southerners and live in the same era, their words should be the same. Therefore, it is inferred that the height of Dangtu in Sun Quan's book should refer to the meaning of Dangtu county magistrate.

truth

Tell us that we can't give up learning because we are busy, and it is intentional to persist in learning. At the same time, it also reminds us not to look at others with a fixed attitude, but to look at things with a developmental perspective.