Biography of characters

Zixia (507 BC-?): surnamed Bu, given name Shang, courtesy name Zixia, later also known as "Bu Zixia" and "Mr. Bu", lived in the late Spring and Autumn Period and Jin Dynasty A native of Guowen (now Wen County, Henan Province) (there are also two theories of Wei and Wei, and the recent scholar Qian Mu determined that Wen was destroyed by Wei, and Wei was mistaken by Wei, so there are two theories), a famous disciple of Confucius, " One of the Ten Philosophers of Confucius. Zixia Shao Confucius was forty-four years old. He was an outstanding student among Confucius' later students. He was quick in thinking and famous for literature. He was recognized by Confucius as a talented student in the "Literature" subject.

When Zixia was a student, he often received praise from Confucius for his unique insights. For example, when he asked about a sentence in the Book of Songs, "A clever smile is beautiful, and a beautiful eye is looking forward to it, it is always beautiful." Confucius replied: "Painting things afterward", he immediately came to the conclusion that "rituals and music come after benevolence and righteousness". Confucius praised: "The one who started giving is Shang! It can only be said that "Poetry" is over." ( "The Analects of Confucius·Eight Yi")

However, Confucius believed that Zixia was "inadequate" in observing benevolence and etiquette. He once warned Zixia: "A woman is a gentleman and a Confucian, and nothing is a villain." ("The Analects of Confucius·Yongye")

Zixia was extremely talented, and many of his famous maxims have been retained in the "Analects of Confucius",

such as:

"Educated and dedicated, asking questions and thinking closely, benevolence is in it";

"Hundreds of craftsmen live in their workplaces to achieve their words, and a gentleman learns to master his way"; Knowing where he is going and not forgetting what he can do for a month can be said to be an eagerness to learn."

"Although it is a small path, there must be some who are worthy of it." etc.

After the death of Confucius, Zixia went to Xihe (between Jishui and the Yellow River) in the state of Wei to give lectures.

"Such as Tian Zifang, Duan Qianmu, Wu Qi, Qin Huali, etc., all He was taught by Zixia Zhilun" ("Historical Records: Biographies of Scholars"),

He also served as the teacher of Wei Wenhou, who advocated Confucianism.

Some people in recent times believe that Zixia’s thoughts have a “Legalist spirit”. Han Feizi said that “Confucianism is divided into eight” and is not as good as Zixia’s Confucianism, because he regarded it as a Legalist (see Guo Moruo’s "Ten Critiques" "Book" Zixia portrait).

In his later years, Zixia went blind from crying because of the loss of his son, and lived in isolation.

In the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he was posthumously named "Marquis of Wei", and in the Song Dynasty he was also named "Hedong Gong". Contribution Zixia Yizhuan

Historical records indicate that Confucius' disciple Bu Zixia passed down the "Yi" and wrote the "Yi Zhuan Zixia" handed down to the world.

Scholars have disputes about some issues in Zixia's Yixue. Is the author of "The Book of Changes of Zixia" Bu Zixia or *** Han Ying

This article makes a preliminary investigation of the records in ancient books. "The Book of Changes of Zixia" does have the appearance of the ancient "Book of Changes" and is indeed Bu Zixia, but not Han Ying

On the other hand, Zixia was familiar with Zhongni's ancient meanings such as "Xiang Shu" and "Gua Qi" in "Yi", and he could also uphold the "Xiang Shu" and "Gua Qi" created by Zhongni's ancient meanings. Observe its virtues" and have an in-depth understanding of the "new meaning" of philosophy, which clearly reflects the ideological characteristics of Zixia's Yixue adhering to the "ancient meaning" and being compatible with the "new meaning". Zixia also studied various classics, each with its own emphasis

He was especially good at "Poetry" and "Music", and once wrote the "Preface to the Poems"; he also studied "Shang Shu", but he was not as good as him in classics. ; He was good at the theory of "Yi", and the modern "Yi Zhuan" of Confucius was probably derived from the biography of Zixia; in the study of etiquette, he was good at the study of mourning clothes, and wrote "The Biography of Mourning Clothes"; in the study of "Spring and Autumn", he used "Spring and Autumn" The second biography of "Gong" and "Gu", both of which are subtle and righteous, came from Zixia's teaching. Zixia studied Confucian classics and was good at discovering the subtle meanings of the scriptures. Confucius "stated but did not compose". He organized and edited the Six Classics to embody his own thoughts and ideas. The classics taught by Zixia played a key role in promoting Confucius' theory. Comprehensive inheritance of Confucius

Confucius's disciple Zixia undoubtedly had the greatest educational achievements and influence in the sixty or seventy years after Confucius' death.

On the basis of comprehensively inheriting the educational thoughts of Confucius, Zixia's educational thoughts also have development and innovation in the aspects of educational purpose theory, teaching process theory, learning and drawing lessons from history, and careful making of friends. ", "The Doctrine of the Mean" and other glorious chapters.

The long branch of the family lineage

(1) The family tree of the long branch of Buzi

1. Bu Shang (named Zixia, so also called Bu Zixia): the eldest son Bu Qin, the second son Bu Pan ( Juye Zhizu)

2nd Bu Qin

3rd Bu Daben

4th Bu Yuanji

5th Bu No. : The eldest son Bu Rixiang, the second son Bu Rizhen (Bu Shi's grandfather)

The 6th Bu Rixiang

The 7th Bu Jun: The eldest son Bu Cifu, the second son Bu Cizhi, the third son Bu Cilu, and the third son Bu Cilu. The fourth son is blessed with fortune

The 8th birth is blessed with blessings: the eldest son is Bu Ying, the second son is Bu Xuan, and the third son is Bu Mao

The 9th birth is with fortune

The 10th birth is with fortune : The eldest son Bu Mei, the second son Bu Jing, the third son Bu Yi

The 11th Bu Mei: the eldest son Bu Pan, the second son Bu Ping

The 12th Bu Pan: the eldest son Bu Xiaosi ( No descendants), the second son Bu Xiaoze

The 13th generation Bu Xiaoze

The 14th generation Bu Yuyuan: the eldest son Bu Jizong, the second son Bu Jixian

The 15th generation Bu Jizong : The eldest son Bu Zhang, the second son Bu Ji, and the third son Bu Huang

The 16th Bu Zhang

The 17th Bu Dongye (first known as "Bu Dong")

The 18th Buqin: the eldest son Bu Zhen, the second son Bu Kan, and the third son Bu Gan

The 19th Bu Zhen: the eldest son Bu Shun, the second son Bu Xun, and the third son Bu Ren

The divination of the 20th life

The divination of the 21st life

The divination practice of the 22nd life: the eldest son’s divination of Xian and the second son’s divination of virtue

The 23rd life’s divination Xian

The 24th life of Bu Dou is successful

The 25th life of Bu Sijing: the eldest son Bu Sijing and the second son Bu Siyi

The 26th life of Bu Sijing: the eldest son Bu Luoru (no descendants) , the second son Bu Jingwei

The 27th generation Bu Jingwei

The 28th generation Bu Hui: The eldest son Bu Guozhen, the second son Bu Guozhen

The 29th generation Bu Guo biography: the eldest son Bu Jun , the second son the fortune teller

The 30th generation Bu Jun

The 31st generation Bu Zi

The 32nd generation Bu Eryun: the eldest son Bu Zhankui, the second son Bu Yingkui

The 33rd Bu Zhankui

The 34th Bu You: the eldest son Bu Chaozhu and the second son Bu Chaoshu

The 35th Bu Chaozhu: the eldest son Bu Quan and the second son Bu Jian

The 36th generation Bu Quan: the eldest son Bu Bian, the second son Bu You

The 37th generation Bu Bian: the eldest son Bu Wulun, the second son Bu Jianlun, and the third son Bu Dunlun

The 38th generation Bu Wulun

The 39th Shibu Haoran: the eldest son Butun, the second son Bujin, and the third son Buqian

The 40th Shibutun

The 41st Bujin

The 42nd World Divination Yiyou

The 43rd World Divination appeared: the eldest son Bu Denggao, the second son Bu Dengkui

The 44th World Bu Denggao

The 45th World Divination Liangqing

The divination of the 46th generation: the eldest son Bu Sanpin, the second son Bu Sanshi

The 47th generation Bu Sanpin

The 48th generation divination season

49th World Divination Equipment

50th World Divination Changchun

51st World Divination Photo

52nd World Bu Libang: Divination of the Eldest Son’s Grave [by Shandong Dongchang Prefecture] (today's Liaocheng City) moved to Feng County], the second son Bu Dian [Xiayi branch ancestor], the third son Bu Mo [Xiayi branch ancestor]

53rd Shibu grave: the eldest son Bu Yancai, the second son Bu Yanzhong

The 54th generation of Bu Yancai: the eldest son Bu Ji and the second son Bu Zhi

The 54th generation of Bu Yanzhong: the eldest son Bu Yun and the second son Bu Hai (no descendants)

55 Shibuji: The eldest son Bucongli, the second son Bucongyi, the third son Bucongyi

Bu Liangyou

The divination records of the 55th life: the eldest son Bu Wan, the second son Bu Lan (no descendants)

The 56th life divination ceremony: a son Bu Jun

55 Shibu says: Give birth to a son Bu Feng

56 Shibu Jun: Bu Congli’s son has no descendants

56 Shibu Congyi: The eldest son Bu Lun (without descendants), the second son Bu Cong [ Moved to Peiyi Bujiawan (now Weishan County, Jining City, Shandong Province)], the third son Bu Zhen (no descendants)

In the 56th generation, Bu Liangyou: the eldest son Bu Zhong [inherited the large genealogy], the second son Bu Pan, the third son Bu Qing

The divination in the 56th life was completed: the eldest son Bu Xuan [the ancestor of the Yutai branch], the second son Bu Luan, and the third son Bu Sheng

The 56th life divination Feng: Son of Bu Yun

57th Bu Kai: Son of Bu Feng

57th Bu Yue: Son of Bu Xuan

58th Bu Jing: Bu Yue’s eldest son

The 58th Bu Jingzhi: the second son of Bu Yue

The 58th Bu Jingjie: the third son of Bu Yue

The 58th Bu Jinghuai: the fourth son of Bu Yue

The 59th generation Bu Xiyan: the eldest son of Bu Jingjie

The 59th generation Bu Xiyao: the second son of Bu Jingjie

The 60th generation Bu Nianzhen: the eldest son of Bu Xiyao

The 60th generation Bu Congzhen: Bu Xiyao Second son

In the 61st Shibu Wengui: Bu Nianzhen’s eldest son, moved to Yutai

In the 61st Shibu Zhegui: Bu Nianzhen’s second son, moved to Yutai

In the 61st Shibu Pan Gui: The third son of Bu Nianzhen, moved to Yutai

The 61st generation Bu Lianggui: The fourth son of Bu Nianzhen, moved to Yutai

The 61st generation Bu Qiugui: The fifth son of Bu Nianzhen, moved to Yutai

Note: Either due to war or the decline of the family, Buzi’s long branch lineage has been lost to the second branch

(2) Buzi’s second branch genealogy (Juye branch genealogy)

The 1st generation of divination merchant (given the courtesy name Zixia, so also called Bu Zixia): the eldest son Buqin and the second son Bupan (the first one was Bupan, the ancestor of the Bu family in Juye County)

2nd generation divination businessman (Zi Jue)

The 3rd generation of divination: the eldest son is capable of divination and the second son is able to understand.

The 4th generation of divination is wise

The 5th generation of divination Pi

The 6th generation of divination Huang: the eldest son's divination style, the second son's divination method

The 7th generation's divination style (zizilian annotation 1): the eldest son's divination Biao, the second son's divination

The 8th Bu Biao (named Boyun): the eldest son Bu Kejiu, the second son Bu Keda, and the third son Bu Keli

The 9th Bu Biao: the eldest son Bu Sixiao and the second son Bu Sizhong

The 10th generation Bu Si Xiao: the eldest son Bu Anwei and the second son Bu Guozhong

The 11th generation Bu Anwei (also known as Kuang Gong): the eldest son Bu Shilong and the second son Bu Shilu

The 12th generation Bu Shilong (also known as Zi Sheng) ): the eldest son Bu Zhong, the second son Bu Gang

The 13th generation Bu Zhong

The 14th generation Bu Jie (zi Xiangsheng): the eldest son Bu Shouyue, the second son Bu Shouzheng

The 15th generation of divination keeps the promise (zi Xuezeng): the eldest son Buqi, the second son Bu Xi

The 16th generation of divination: the eldest son Bu Xian, the second son Bu Liang, the third son Bu Kang

The 17th generation Bu Xian (also known as Xianheng): the eldest son Bu Xingbang, the second son Bu Anbang

The 18th generation Bu Xingbang (also known as Daye): the eldest son Bu Ren, the second son Bu Zhan, and the third son Bu Shi

The 19th generation Bu Ren (also known as Shanchang): the eldest son Bu Liangbi and the second son Bu Liangyu

The 20th generation Bu Liangbi (note 2 of Bu Bi): the surname Bu entered the Song Dynasty The ancestor of Hangzhou lived in Juye County, Shandong Province. He was appointed magistrate of Shanghang County in the seventh year of Jiading in the Song Dynasty (1214) and was founded in Taigu Village, Shengyunli, Shanghang): the eldest son Bu Xiuji and the second son Bu Xiude

21 Shibu Xiuji (zi Jingzhi)

p> The 22nd generation Bu Shao (written in words): the eldest son Bu Yin, the second son Bu Gui

The 23rd generation Bu Yin

The 24th generation Buji

25 Shibu Wenwei: the eldest son Bu Shuqing and the second son Bu Shufeng

The 26th Shibu Shuqing: the eldest son Bu Shizuo and the second son Bu Shili

The 27th Shibu Shizuo: the eldest son Bu and the second son Bujiu

The 28th world divination

The 29th world divination talent (with the courtesy name Xinchen)

The 30th world divination Dazhong: the eldest son Bu Bingyi, the second son Bu Bingyi

The 31st world divination Dazhong (named Chongzheng): the eldest son Bu Changyan, the second son Bu Shanyan

The 32nd generation Bu Changyan

The 33rd generation Bu succeeded (named Chengxian): the eldest son Bu Guangting, the second son Bu Guangzan

The 34th Bu Guangting

The 35th Bu Jing (zi Qian Zhai)

The 36th Divination

The 37th Divination Chapter

The 38th generation Bu Hongjian: the eldest son Bu Lingyan, the second son Bu Lingyan [the eldest son], the third son Bu Lingwei

The 39th generation Bu Lingyan (zisu)

40th World Divination Shaowen

41 World Divination Friends

42 World Divination Master Kong

43 World Divination Zhongzheng

44 Shibu Dakui

The 45th Shibu Yong

The 46th Shibu got good

The 47th Shibu Kekuan

The 48th Shibu Shuo

The 49th Bu Xusheng

The new records of the 50th Bu: the eldest son Bu Yun and the second son Bu Lian

The 51st Bu Yun (the first work is "Bu Lian")

The 52nd Bu Chuwei

In the 53rd Shibu Congji: the eldest son Bu Juguang, the second son Bu Jujing [the eldest son]

In the 54th Shibu Jujing (the courtesy name is Chang), his son Bu Wenke [ Rizhao Zhizu]

The divination text of the 55th life can be: the eldest son Bu Youwei, the second son Bu Kewei

The 56th life divination Youwei

The 57th life divination Yong

The 58th World Bu Xinyi

The 59th World Bu Japan (Japan, this word cannot be typed)

The 60th World Bu Pinjin

61 Shibu Jiamin: In the eighth year of Chongzhen in the Ming Dynasty, Shandong provided the right to study and worship the Lord of Yiding

62nd Shibu Jingxing: In the third year of Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, he was born in Xiang, Juye County

63rd Shibu Bu Nianchang: In the seventh year of Kangxi, he was admitted to Shandong Province to serve as a priest to the Lord of Yiding; in the eighteenth year of Kangxi, he was born in Xiang, Juye County, and later became a doctor of the Five Classics of the Hanlin Academy

64th Bu Zunxian: courtesy name Yande In the 51st year of Kangxi's reign, Duke Yansheng allowed the lord of clothes to perform sacrificial services. In the 59th year of Kangxi's reign, Li Yuanli of the Governor's Department proposed the title, and he was granted the title of Doctor of the Five Classics by the Imperial Academy. Second sons: Bu Ke and Bu Mei

In the 65th year of Bu Ke: In the eighth year of Qianlong's reign, Yansheng Gongzhi was admitted to the Ministry of Rites and was awarded a secular position. He had no heirs and took Bu Yuzhu, the eldest son of his younger brother Bu Mei, as his eldest son

66th Shibu Yuzhu: In the 17th year of Qianlong's reign, Yan Shenggong consulted and was approved by the Ministry of Rites to be awarded a secular position

67th Shibu Guohua: In the 53rd year of Qianlong's reign, he inherited the Doctorate of Five Classics from the Hanlin Academy

68th Shibu Xinduan: He has lost his voice since he was a child, and he has not died

69th Shibu Xianli: courtesy name Guangyun, nickname Depu, in the 17th year of Jiaqing, inherited the Doctorate of Five Classics from Hanlin Academy

70th Shibu Zhaozhuo: During the Xianfeng period, he inherited the doctorate of the Five Classics from the Hanlin Academy and was enshrined as the official of Buzi

71 Shibu***: During the Guangxu period, he inherited the doctorate of the Five Classics from the Hanlin Academy and was changed to the enshrined official in the third year of the Republic of China

72nd Bu Qingde

73rd Bu Fanlin: In 1958, his family moved to the northeast

Note 1: Regarding the character "Bu Shi", "Feng Feng"

There are differences in the records in the Genealogy of Bu Clan in County and the Genealogy of Bu Clan in Juye: the former is recorded as "the grandson of Bu Rizhen", while the latter is recorded as "the son of Bu Huang and the grandson of Bu Pi". Which one is right and which is wrong remains to be verified.

Note 2: According to the "Dapu Bu Family Genealogy", Bu Bichuang was based in Shengyunli, Shanghang, and passed down to Bu Ningmao for the sixth generation. Bu Ningmao then moved to Qikeng, Songyuan Town, Meixian District, Meizhou City; Bu Ningmaozhi Sun Bu Deqing moved to Guanping, Songkou Town, Meixian District, Meizhou City. During the Hongwu period, the Bu Deqing branch moved to Xinan (now Songnan, Songkou Town, Meixian District, Meizhou City). Later, Bu Shixiong, a descendant of this branch, moved to Dapu, Meizhou. Therefore, the tribal lineage is missing, and whether the recorded content is true or not requires further research. Doctor of the Five Classics of Hanlin Academy

The 64th generation Bu Zunxian: courtesy name Yande, in the 51st year of Kangxi, Duke Yansheng granted permission to worship the owner of the top. In the 59th year of Kangxi's reign, Li Yuanli, the governor of the Ministry of Education, proposed the title, and was granted the title of Doctor of the Five Classics of the Hanlin Academy by the Ministry of Rites. Two sons were born: Bu Ke and Bu Mei

Bu Ke in the 65th generation: In the 8th year of Qianlong's reign, Yansheng Gongzhi was admitted to the Ministry of Rites and was awarded a secular position. He had no heirs and took his younger brother Bu Mei's eldest son Bu Yuzhu as his eldest son

The 66th generation Bu Yuzhu: In the 17th year of Qianlong's reign, he was approved by the Ministry of Rites to be admitted to the world.

The 67th generation Bu Guohua: In the 53rd year of Qianlong's reign, he inherited a doctorate in the Five Classics from the Hanlin Academy

The 68th generation Bu Xinduan: He has lost his voice since he was a child.

The 69th generation Bu Xianli: courtesy name Guangyun, the name Depu. In the 17th year of Jiaqing, he inherited the Doctorate of Five Classics from the Hanlin Academy

The 70th generation Bu Zhaozhuo: inherited the Hanlin Academy during the Xianfeng period The doctor of the Five Classics of the Academy was enshrined as an official

The 71st generation of divination ***: In the Guangxu period, he inherited the doctorate of the Five Classics of the Hanlin Academy, and in the 3rd year of the Republic of China, it was changed to the official of the divination

The 72nd generation of Bu Qingde: His younger brother Bu Qingde Celebrating, now a teacher in the History Department of Nass College, Hangzhou Normal University

Bu Fanlin, the 73rd generation: The family moved to the Northeast in 1958, and the whereabouts of his descendants are unknown. Works

The "Gui Zang" in the tomb of the King of Wei should come from the disciples of Zixia. Historical records

Bu Shang, courtesy name Zixia. Confucius was forty-four years old.

Zixia asked: "What does it mean to smile beautifully, look forward to beautiful eyes, and always think it is gorgeous?" Confucius said: "Painting is the afterthought." He said: "Is it after the ceremony?" Confucius said: "Since the Shang Dynasty, we can already write poems."

Zigong asked: "Who is the wiser, Master or Shang?" Confucius said: "The Master is also good, but the Shang (divination Shang) is not as good." "Then the teacher will heal you?" He said: "To go too far is not enough."

Confucius said to Zixia: "You are a gentleman and a Confucian, not a villain."

Since Confucius is gone, Confucius is no more. Professor Xia Juxihe was the teacher of Wei Wenhou. When his son died, he cried and became blind. ("Historical Records of Zhongni's Disciples") Comments by Descendants

The prophet Shang, who lived for more than a hundred years, was a famous disciple of Confucius. In spreading Confucianism, he independently formed the Zixia sect and became An important figure with far-reaching influence among the disciples of Confucius. He was erudite and dedicated throughout his life and taught the Five Classics. Most of the later scholars of the Five Classics believed that their theories were entrusted to the teachings of divination merchants. Not only was he knowledgeable and made outstanding contributions to organizing and disseminating ancient documents, he also paid more attention to practice and paid attention to Moral cultivation, being a role model for others, leading by example, leaving a good image for future generations; in his later years, he lectured in Xihe, lived in isolation, inherited Confucius' unfinished business, and lived and learned until he was old.

"Historical Records·Confucius' Family": "As for the Spring and Autumn Annals, the pen is written and the pruning is pruning. The disciples of Zixia cannot give a single word of praise." It affirms his literary ability.

Zixia’s life is relatively poor. "Shuo Yuan·Miscellaneous Comments" said that he was "very short of wealth"; "Xunzi·Dulue" said that "Zi Xia's family was poor, and his clothes were like hanging quails." But this also created his loneliness, arrogance and strong and courageous character. He said: "A gentleman is gradually hungry and cold, but his ambition is not deviated; he is not afraid of the five soldiers; he never forgets the words of the past.

"

Others advised him to become an official to change his situation, but he expressed his unwillingness to compete for petty profits, lest he "fight for profits like a flea's armor and lose his hands." Zixia said: "The princes are arrogant to me. I will not be a minister; I will never see anyone who is proud of me."

Even Yan Ying of Qi State has heard about the different characteristics of Confucian disciples, as recorded in "Yan Zi Chun Qiu Neipian Wen Shang" Yan Ying said: "I heard that Zhongni lives in a tired place and his integrity is not upright. Then Ji Ji and Yuan Xian will serve. If Qi is depressed and sick, and his will is blocked, then Zhong You and Bu Shang will serve. If his virtue is not strong and his behavior is not generous, Then Yan Hui, Qian, and Yong served. "Being with Yan Hui and others can accumulate virtue and do good deeds, while being with Zi Lu and Zi Xia can avoid "depressed Qi, illness, and blocked will." Here Zi Xia is a straightforward and fearless person.

Another characteristic of Zixia is that he has certain choices when making friends, so Confucius predicted that Zixia would make more progress after his death. "Shuoyuan·Miscellaneous Statements" records Confucius: " After Qiu's death, business increased day by day and gifts declined day by day. Shang also likes to get along with those who are virtuous to oneself, and Ci also says (pleased) with those who are not as good as oneself. "Zixia is different from Zigong (Duanmu Ci). Zixia can learn more by associating with people who are stronger than him. This is the prerequisite for his continuous progress. The statement here in "Shuo Yuan" should be credible Yes, a record in "The Analects" can be used as evidence.

"Zizhang" records:

When asked by Zixia's disciples, Zizhang said: " What is Zixia saying? "Zi Xia said: "If you can, accept it; if you can't, reject it." ’” Zi Zhang said: “It is different from what I have heard: a gentleman respects the virtuous but tolerates others, praises the good but is restrained. Why should I, the great sage, not tolerate others? If I am not virtuous, people will reject me. How can I reject others? "

"Lunheng Zhishi" quoted "Mencius" and said: "Zixia, Ziyou, and Zizhang are all saints; Ran Niu, Min Ziqian, and Yan Yuan are specific and subtle. "Then he commented: "The six sons all had the talents of saints in their lifetimes. Some may have them but not possess them, or some may have them but do not know them clearly. However, they are all called saints, and saints can be achieved through hard work. "Zi Xia is a saint but not a person, and there are still some differences from Yan Yuan and others. "Book of Rites of Da Dai·Wenzi of General Wei" records Zigong's comments on Zi Xia: "To learn deeply, to be decisive, to greet and greet with respect, Friendships between superiors and inferiors, silver hands as if broken, this is the business of divination. "This basically summarizes Zixia's character traits.

Zixia once accepted and taught apprentices, and there may have been many disciples. "The Book of the Later Han" Volume 44 "The Biography of Xu Fang" Quotes "Historical Records" says: "After Confucius died, Zixia lived in Xihe, taught three hundred disciples, and became the master of Wei Wenhou. "The Analects of Confucius: Zizhang records the dialogue between "Zixia's disciples" and Zizhang, and "Mozi Gengzhu" also contains records about "Zixia's disciples". Zixia may have had several disciples during his time in Wei Quite a few, the "Qin Ben·Surname Chapter" of "Shiben" states that "Wei had Zi Boxian, a member of Zi Xiamen, living in Xihe"; "Historical Records·Biographies of Scholars" records: "After the death of Confucius... Zilu lived in Wei." , Zi Zhang lived in Chen, Zi Yu in Tantai lived in Chu, Zi Xia lived in Xihe, and Zigong finally came together. For example, Tian Zifang, Duan Qianmu, Wu Qi, and Qin Hua all received their inheritance from Zixia's Lun and became the king's teachers. At that time, Wei Wenhou alone was eager to learn. "Here it is said that Tian Zifang, Duan Qianmu, Wu Qi, Qin Hua all learned from Zixia and others. "Lu Shi Chunqiu Respecting Masters" specifically pointed out that "Duan Qianmu learned from Zixia". Some scholars have misunderstood "Historical Records" According to "The Biography of Scholars", it is inappropriate to say that Tian Zifang, Wu Qi, and Qin Xi were all disciples of Zixia.

Zixia was lonely in his later years, and he became blind due to the loss of his son. "Book of Rites·Tan ??Gong Shang" and others said that he lived a life of "living in isolation"

Since the Han Dynasty, most scholars believe that Confucian classics were originally transmitted mainly from the Zixia line. For example, Xu Fang of the Eastern Han Dynasty said: "Poems, Books, Rites, and Music all come from Confucius; the invention of chapters and sentences begins with Zixia. " ("Book of the Later Han: Biography of Xu Fang") It is believed here that most of the "Six Classics" came from Zixia's teachings. Hong Mai of the Southern Song Dynasty described it more specifically in his "Rong Zhai Essays". It says: "Among Confucius' disciples, only Zixia has his own unique book on all the classics. Although the biography and miscellaneous remarks cannot be fully believed, he must be different from others. In "Yi" there is "Zhuan". In "Poetry" there is a "Preface".

As for the study of "Mao Shi", one saying is: Zixia taught Gao Xingzi, and he passed it on to Xiao Maogong four times. Another saying: Zixia taught Zeng Shen, and he passed it on to Da Maogong five times. In "Li", there is an article "Etiquette: Mourning Clothes", which was taught by many scholars such as Ma Rong and Wang Su. As the "Spring and Autumn Annals" said, "I can't say a single word of praise," Gai also did this. Gongyang Gao actually received it from Zixia. Hu Liangchi was a member of the Xiamen of Yunzi in "Customs". In the Analects of Confucius, Zheng Kangcheng is regarded as Zhong Gong. It was written and determined by Zi Xia. "Although Hong Mai's theory may not be true in everything, scholars generally believe that it is not nonsense. Academic controversy

"Mozi Gengzhu" Zixia's disciples asked him, Mozi said: "Gentleman Is there a fight? Zimozi said: "A gentleman has no fight." Zixia's disciples said: "Dogs still have fights, but evil men have soldiers but no fights?" Zimozi said: "It's so hurt!" His words are like Tang Wen, his actions are like those of a dog, it’s so bad! ” Tomb of Zixia

According to records from various places, the tomb of Zixia includes: Budu, Heze City, Shandong Province (now Buguli near Dingzhuang, Wanfu Office, Mudan District, Heze City), Buyang, Linzhao Township, Wen County, Henan Province Men Village, Xiguan Village, Huojia County, Henan Province, Xinfeng Village, Hejin City, Shanxi Province, etc.