First, it is necessary to explain the location and time of the incident; Write clearly what happened and what happened. One thing can never be separated from six aspects: time, place, people, things, cause and effect. Therefore, only by writing these aspects clearly can others understand what you have written.
However, the explanation of these six aspects should not be rigid, but should be flexibly mastered according to the needs of the article. Time and place don't have to be pointed out directly, but sometimes they can be expressed indirectly by describing the characteristics and changes of natural scenery.
For example, "the cock crows" means that it will be dawn soon; "The sun is about to set in the west", which means at night, and so on. Second, we should make things concrete and focus on them. In the six aspects of narrative, the cause, process and result are the most important links. If you want to write things clearly, you should write the cause, process and result of things in the narrative, especially the process of things, leaving a complete and profound impression on people.
Third, the narrative should be clear. Everything has a process of occurrence, development and result. If described in the order of development, the organization of the article will be clear.
After determining the narrative order, we should also arrange the paragraph level. Proper segmentation can make the article clear. In order to maintain the coherence of the narrative, we must think carefully about what the article should write first, then what to write, and then what to write, and sort out the outline of the narrative. When writing a narrative, we must consider which to write first and which to write later, and arrange the narrative order, otherwise it will be chaotic and disorganized. So, how to arrange the narrative order to make the article clear?
First, the use of time sequence.
Sequential narration refers to the narration according to the sequence of events. In this way, we can describe the development process from beginning to end, and the ins and outs are very clear. The levels and paragraphs written in chronological order of an article are basically consistent with the process of the occurrence and development of things.
There is a time sequence, a law of development of things, and a spatial transformation. In narratives, most of them are in the order of time and the order of the development law of things.
When narrating in chronological order, we must strictly arrange the order and write the narrative time clearly. In real life, nothing will happen suddenly, it always has a process of occurrence and development. Therefore, the author often narrates according to the development law of the occurrence, development, climax and ending of things, and the level of the article is clear and clear.
Of course, some articles are relatively simple, and there is no need to write about the four levels of the process (occurrence, development, climax and ending).
Second, use flashbacks.
Flashback is to tell the ending of an event or the most prominent fragment in front, and then tell it from the beginning of the event.
It should be pointed out that when using flashback writing, we must pay attention to explaining the starting point and ending point of flashback, and there should be obvious boundaries and necessary text transition between flashback and flashback. If these places are not handled well, the context of the article is unclear and the clues are unclear, which will affect the expression of the content.
Third, the use of interpolation.
Interpolation refers to the narration of another thing that needs to be interrupted temporarily because of a clue in the process of narrating the central event.
It should be pointed out that the use of interpolation should not disturb the original narrative clues, but should pay attention to the connection with the context. In this way, the structure of the article is not only varied, but also describes things very clearly.
Some children saw their classmates write some good articles and exclaimed, "I am familiar with all these contents, why can't I write them!" " "This question is worth pondering. To put it bluntly, it is because you lack the ability to write profound meanings from small things. In life, there are few earth-shattering events, and most people experience ordinary little things. From ancient times to the present, there are countless good articles, most of which are trivial things. A Dream of Red Mansions is about the official life of a big bureaucrat in feudal society. These trivial things in life can be said to be ordinary in that family, but the ideological significance it reflects is profound and has become a world-recognized masterpiece. So, how to write a profound meaning from small things?
First, improve the ideological level and develop a pair of good eyesight.
Cameras can take pictures, and so can human eyes. However, people, after all, are different from cameras, and their eyes choose the lens with emotion. Observers should have a certain level of thinking. Only in this way can we see the inner layer of things and find the profound meaning contained in them.
Second, think deeply, analyze and dig, and find out the profound meaning of things.
In daily life, we should pay more attention to everything and think deeply as much as possible, not only pay attention to its appearance, but also dig its essence and find out its ins and outs. Only in this way can you have a sensitive mind and keen eyes to dig and discover the profound meaning contained in things.
Third, write things in a certain background.
Background is the environment of the times, which refers to social changes and political dynamics. A small matter, when viewed alone, is unremarkable. If it is related to the background where it happened, it is unusual.
Fourth, the tenors of "Shi" and "Yi" should be right.
When writing a profound meaning from a trivial matter, it is easy to make the high notes of "thing" and "meaning" inaccurate, often subjectively (meaning) is "deep" and objectively (thing) appears thin. Therefore, when we write in detail, we should avoid making the mistake of "exaggerating" at will when reminding the meaning of things.
There is an essay entitled "Festival Morning", which describes the happy breakfast of a family. Finally, after breakfast, I opened the gate and saw people wearing beautiful new clothes, in groups of three or five, rushing to the busy street and the bright tomorrow.
At the end of this passage, there is a problem of "exaggerating" the ideological significance of the article. If breakfast is written, it shows that people's living standards are improving step by step under the leadership of the * * * production party, but if it is linked with "a bright * * production tomorrow", the tenon of "thing" and "meaning" is not appropriate.
In short, as long as we improve our ideological level, think deeply about what we hear or see, know its meaning, recognize its value, and write in a specific environment, we can write profound meanings from small things.
Many students either hand in their compositions in their wallets or offer their seats to women with children. Either write to help classmates make up lessons, or write to send lost children home ... in short, they all write "bad" materials. Therefore, Chinese teachers often write similar comments at the back of their compositions: the selection of materials is outdated, and I hope to choose novel and unique materials in the future.
So, how can we choose novel and unique materials?
First of all, look for it from your own life.
Many students are not looking for materials in their own lives, but hearsay, or narrative and description from the concept. Remember good deeds and always write "Pick up my wallet", "Give up my seat" and "Make up lessons for others", regardless of whether this matter has been experienced or not. How can such content be shown to people? What's the matter with you? BR> In fact, each of us lives in a different environment and has different hobbies and experiences. If you can take your unique experience as the content of selecting materials, then the materials you choose must be unique, fresh and vivid.
Second, people who are willing to live.
I often hear some students say that we are students, living in poverty, and we can't see anything new and unique to remember. It is a fact that students' lives are not wide. Expanding the choice of composition requires us to contact life as widely as possible. So is it because our classmates live in a small circle, so there is no fresh and unique material to write? That's not true. As long as you have a conscience in your life, you will have unique materials for you to choose from. I'm afraid everyone who lives in the city has seen old people dancing disco. However, some students turned a blind eye and even let such materials slip away from their noses.
Third, choose a new angle to make ordinary materials shine.
Generally speaking, students' life circle is very small, including family, classroom and playground. Very few people come into contact, including family members, teachers and classmates. When students are writing, what they say is often common. Is there nothing new about ordinary materials? That's not true. As long as we use our brains and change the narrative angle of common materials, we will also shine brilliantly.
Fourth, broaden your mind and broaden your horizons.
A considerable number of students are narrow-minded and only pay attention to good people and deeds, and the material of the composition can never be developed. If our classmates project their observation eyes into the whole life, good people and bad people will see it, and the material of the composition will be rich and colorful.
The statue of Balzac, the great writer, is on display at the Paris Museum of Art, France. Strangely, his statue has no hands. Where are his hands? It was cut by artist Rodin with an axe. Why did Rodin cut off the hand of Balzac statue? It turned out that in the middle of the night, Rodin finally finished the statue of Balzac and was very satisfied. He woke up the students all night to admire the statue. His students looked at the statue over and over again. Later, their eyes gradually focused on the hand of the statue: Balzac's hands were folded on his chest, which was very realistic. The students couldn't help saying, "Great, teacher, I've never seen such magical hands!" " "Rodin's smile on his face disappeared. He suddenly went to the corner of the studio, picked up a big axe, went straight to the statue and cut off his "perfect hands". Rodin's statue is to show Balzac's spirit and temperament, but now the hand (secondary part) is prominent. When people look at the statue, they only appreciate the perfection of their hands and ignore the main content. So Rodin cut off the hands of the statue to highlight its significance.
Sculpture is like this, so is writing. Only by arranging detailed writing and sketching around the center can the narrative focus be highlighted.
Then, in the process of narration, how to properly arrange the writing and sketching of details?
First, we should briefly write out what happened and the result, and write down the development process in detail. When things happen, they often explain the time, place, people and reasons, and the result part of things is often to write the ending or point out the center of things. They are only side details in the whole thing, or in the whole article, so write them briefly. The development process of things is the main part of the whole thing or the whole article, which often embodies the central idea, so it should be written in detail.
Second, a little narrative, "face" should be written briefly, "point" should be written in detail. To be more comprehensive, the content on the "surface" is often to render the atmosphere, explain the background and play a comparative role. The content on the "point" is often the focus of the article. It directly reflects the central idea, so it should be written in detail. What needs to be explained here is that in the article, when paying attention to the details, you can't ignore the omitted parts. Although it is only a few strokes, if used well, it can play the role of "green leaves reflect red", highlight key points and express the theme of the article.
An article is like an ordinary machine. The paragraphs in the article are like large and small parts in a machine. These parts not only take care of each other, but also need small parts to connect. The paragraphs in the article also need to take care of each other, and also need some "small parts", that is, transitional paragraphs and transitional sentences, to connect them naturally and closely. Otherwise, the article will appear fragmented. So when writing an article, we must pay attention to the transition and care between paragraphs.
Generally speaking, narrative needs transition in the following situations:
First, we should make a transition from one thing to another.
Second, the narrative time needs to transition when it changes.
Third, we need to transition from flashback to direct sequence.
Fourth, the beginning and end of using interpolation need transition.
Generally speaking, after the narrative content is written, we should pay attention to the connection with the original narrative clues. There are three kinds of reference situations in narrative:
First, the title care. In the narrative process, what we write must be to the point and coordinated with the title of the article.
Second, echo from beginning to end. The beginning and end of the article echo at a distance, which can make the article compact.
Third, care before and after. An article, the front content and the back content should take care of each other.
In short, transition and concern are essential in narrative articles, and we are working hard.
Never neglect the time of writing.
How should I start writing an article? How did it end? No one will ask the police this question, because the police don't teach Chinese, which has little to do with him. However, there is a foreign humor that someone asked the police for tips on reporting crimes, and the police finally told the "doorway".
The full text is extracted as follows:
Someone asked the police about reporting skills. The police said, "When reporting a case, we must first have confidence. The beginning of reporting a case should be as dramatic as catching a prisoner; The middle of the report should be as orderly as interrogating prisoners; The end of the report should be as concise and clear as the judgment. "
After reading this humor, the students will certainly understand some truth. So how to make a good start?
First, describe the cause of the incident. For example, the composition of "Sideline" begins with the following words: "The cleaning has just ended, and I don't know which' wicked ghost' left a small group of waste paper in the corridor of grade five." At the beginning of the article, it is the cause of the quarrel between the army and Niuniu, which has the power to grab people's attention.
Second, describe the environment and set off the atmosphere. For example, in the composition "The Wind", the author described the fierceness of the wind at the beginning: "Walking on the road, the wind will blow me away." Even "the big poplar trees at the intersection in front are blown to stagger and make a' swish' sound ..." The article begins by explaining the harsh environment on the way to school, precisely to meet the needs of expressing the central idea and to enhance the appeal.
Third, arouse people's interest and fascination. For example, in an interesting nature lesson, the author wrote at the beginning: "As soon as the bell stopped, Mr. Ma came into the classroom with a lot of fur, silk handkerchief, glass rods and rubber rods." What on earth is Teacher Ma going to do? Don't you want to see it?
Fourth, cut to the chase and get to the point. For example, in the essay "Lei Feng came to the sports ground", the author wrote at the beginning: "The 13th school track and field meeting is over. At the summary meeting, teachers and classmates praised an unknown' Lei Feng'. " This is straightforward, attracting readers' attention to the central idea at once and playing a leading role in the full text.
The main methods to achieve "strong ending" are:
First of all, make the ending of the event clear. For example, an interesting science class ends like this:
When the bell rang and the students reluctantly put down the experiment, they couldn't help complaining: "Why is this class so short!" "
This development follows the plot, ending the full text with the end of the event, neatly, and the article will end as soon as the event is over.
Second, the language is implicit and thought-provoking. In the narrative, the author writes profound and implicit conclusions with unique knowledge and understanding, trying to be meaningful and thought-provoking.
Third, the ending echoes the beginning. Taking care of the beginning at the end can make the article well-structured and seamless.
Fourth, point to the end of the article and highlight the center. Punctuating the topic at the end of the article is like making the finishing point. If this "eye" is well pointed, it will make the whole article shine. The finishing touch can help readers understand the profound meaning of the full text and leave a deep impression on people.
We learn to be little doctors.
After school in the afternoon, Chen Liqing and I went to her house to paint. Chen Liqing is the study committee member of the brigade. She is short and short with two short braids. People who don't know her think she is a fourth grader. she
Mom and dad are both doctors. She is determined to be a doctor when she grows up, but she also likes painting and is very kind to her classmates. Everyone likes her very much. Walking, I suddenly remembered something and said to her, "Li Qing!" Just two words later, I changed my mind and deliberately said, "I'll talk to you at home later." I was so anxious that she raised her hand and hit me. When I got home, she took me to a small room. I whispered a few words in her ear and asked her, "OK?" Li Qing said, "How nice! You really have an idea. Come on! Do it now! " We didn't even draw a picture. Li Qing went to find a small box and asked his mother for some mercurochrome, cotton and gauze. We should learn to be a little doctor.
The next day, I went to chat with some female classmates. Both Jiang Ping and Shao are willing to participate, and our "small hospital" was formally established. There is a suggestion book hanging on the table at the back of the classroom, and there is a medicine box in the drawer. When the class was over, the students were coming out. I got up the courage to go to the podium and say to everyone, "Students! Attention! There is an important thing to inform you that we have set up a small hospital and hope that everyone will come to see a doctor. " I couldn't help laughing at this point, and the male students also laughed.
Every day after class, we always stand nervously by the medicine cabinet, waiting for the patient, but there are no patients for several days. A male classmate walked by and made a face and said, "Small hospitals, smelly hospitals, even beds are gone. This is just a newly built toilet. " Male students don't come to see a doctor, but female students should come often! But none of the female students came. One day after class, Li Qing and I stopped all the female students to check. As a result, I found that someone's hands and feet were broken, so I applied mercurochrome. But after a few days, the patient disappeared, and we were a little discouraged and stopped.
There is a boy named Liu in the class. He is tall and thin, and his classmates call him "Long Luffa". He is usually quiet and noisy, but he is very nosy, as if everything is related to him. One day, he was watching basketball on the playground and shouted, "Come on! Come on! " Running around with my feet, I somehow tripped and fell to the ground, hitting a stone, and suddenly my blood flowed. Several students quickly helped him to the office. We were jumping rubber bands, and Li Qing said to me, "Kangkang, let's go and see him." The two of us rushed to the office and shouted, "Hello! Come to the classroom, we have mercurochrome ... "They hesitated and came. Several students are busy moving stools and taking medicine boxes, which is very lively. Li Qing quickly asked Liu to sit down. I went to get a cup of boiled water to wash his wound. Li Qing painted him with red liquid, picked out the best gauze, bandaged the wound and said to him, "Well, don't do heavy work these days, come and change the medicine every day." Liu let out a cry and flew out. Several male students also joked with him: "Small hospitals are really convenient, and emergency treatment is free." The two of us breathed a long sigh of relief and thought of finally curing an "emergency" patient for the first time, and it was a boy.
A few days later, several male students also came to see a doctor, either peeling or cutting open. After class, we were standing next to the medicine cabinet, and the boy came over and said, "Give me some mercurochrome." Or "Come on! Come on! Iodine. " Once in a labor class, Yu Shilin, a big guy, was hurt by a hoe. We wash his wounds and apply ointment every day, and it will be fine for a week. Many students saw our sincere service and came to see a doctor. Even Liang, who has always bullied his female classmates, came to see a doctor. However, some naughty boys sarcastically said, "Look, are you ashamed of letting girls see a doctor?"
At this time, Liu came out to mind his own business. "Isn't there a female doctor in the hospital?" This statement left them speechless. We will be more motivated. After that, it seems that male students are not so fierce in our eyes. In the past, boys and girls in our class could tell each other apart and never said a word to each other. In class, female students will get punched if their arms exceed the "38th parallel", so they quarrel with each other. At the end of the class, the female students were crying on the table, and the male students made faces and jumped away. But what about now? Yes, boys and girls are United, and the suggestion book is full of praise.
One afternoon after school, Li Qing and I were walking out of the school gate when several male students caught up and said, "Hey! Walk slowly, we have something to tell you. " What happened? I saw Yu Shilin put his hand behind his back and spat out his tongue. He took out a bottle of purple potion and a pack of toothpicks from his back and said, "This is for you."
One day, I found that many students in my class had moisture, so we immediately held a meeting and decided to cure their moisture. I bought a potion to cure moisture and sent a notice to let my classmates come and cure it quickly. After school, many students stayed to let us check the water. Teacher Zhou also came to see us. Several male students said to Miss Zhou, "Look, Miss Zhou, they are more like little doctors." We listened to it, and our hearts were warm.
Teacher's comments
In "We Learn to Be Little Doctors", the author has been describing the topic, and in the process of writing "We Learn to Be Little Doctors", it has gradually gained everyone's understanding and welcome content. Finally, through the words of several male students, "Look, they are more like little doctors", they directly take care of the topic of the article. The author first explained in the article that Liu was "very nosy" and that "we" cured Liu, an "emergency" patient, so the author later wrote Liu's irony about naughty children ("Are girls ashamed to see a doctor?" ), can come out and mind their own business: "Isn't there a female doctor in the hospital?" In this way, there are "foreshadowing" (sometimes called explanation) and "responding to the pen" (sometimes called care), and the narrative of the article also appears harmonious and complete.
The second article
The sentence "Learn from Comrade Lei Feng" was written by Chairman Mao for Comrade Lei Feng. Perhaps the name Lei Feng is not strange to us. Since seeing the film Lei Feng, I have deepened my impression of him and admired this soldier a little more. The main content of the movie "Lei Feng" is that on the way to see a doctor, Lei Feng took the initiative to help the construction site transport bricks and tiles, and kept busy. In the downpour, he escorted a rural grandmother home along a muddy path. Knowing that his comrades' family life was difficult, he quietly sent money to his mother. In order to support the disaster area, he donated 100 yuan from his meager allowance, but did not leave his name. Everything in the movie "Lei Feng" is praising the excellent quality of Lei Feng, a revolutionary hero soldier, who thinks of others everywhere, more about others and less about himself. Perhaps some students will think that Lei Feng is a rare man in a thousand years, and others are not as good as him. But it is wrong to think so, because as long as you are a little more careful, you can find that there are still many good people and deeds in this society. I remember once, my cousin and I went to the bookstore to read books. The bookstore is crowded with people. Somehow, my sister and I held hands tightly. My hand suddenly got rid of my sister's. When I saw my sister and I were separated, I was as anxious as ants on hot bricks-running around. Thinking: What should I do? I lost my sister. How can I go home? The more I thought about it, the more anxious I was, and I broke out in a cold sweat. I remember the book said that if you get lost with adults, you should wait in the same place. I waited for a long time, but I didn't see my sister. My tears kept falling like broken beads. At this moment, a big brother in sportswear and black sunglasses looked at me. I imagined the bad guys on TV, subconsciously flashing back. Big brother patted me on the shoulder and said, "Little sister, what's wrong with you?" I shook my head in horror. This big brother didn't ignore me because of this. He still kept smiling and said to me, "Don't worry, little sister. I won't do anything to you. Tell me, maybe I can help you. " When I looked at him like this, my original idea disappeared and I thought he might really be a good man. He said to him, "My sister and I are lost, and now we don't know what to do." He immediately frowned and said, "Does your sister have a mobile phone? We can give her a call. " I shook my head, then he scratched his hair with his hand, thought for a moment and said, "Then come with me. I have an idea. Maybe this is the only way. " I don't believe him at all, and I'm afraid he will kidnap me, but I can see from his eyes that he really wants to help me. He promised to go with him. He took me to the front desk of the bookstore and said to the waiter, "waiter, this little sister has been separated from her sister." Could you please help her find it on the radio? " The waiter agreed. At this moment, there came a sweet voice: "Please pay attention to Sister Li Yan ..." I asked him doubtfully: "Is this the right way?" He smiled and said to me, "Look!" Soon, my sister came running from a distance and said, "Li Yan, Li Yan." It turns out that my sister has been looking for me. I told him that this big brother helped me, and my sister repeatedly said thank you. Eldest brother said, "Never mind, don't mention it." In fact, helping others only needs to start from the small things around us, and it is not necessary for everyone to know! Although Lei Feng is gone now, his spirit will live in our hearts forever.