1. Problems in the construction of psychological associations < P > Many primary and secondary schools have realized the importance of psychological associations to the development of mental health education and started the construction of psychological associations in order to broaden the ways of mental health education. With the help of the voluntary, independent and free characteristics of mass organizations, students' autonomy and self-education can be brought into full play. Starting from their own needs, students can popularize mental health knowledge through purposeful, planned and organized activities, promote students' self-awareness and self-regulation, and let them realize their growth and learn to help themselves. Under this background, the Sunflower Psychological Society in Anqing No.1 Middle School began the exploration process of psychological community construction. What is a psychological society? What do psychological societies do? Who will do the psychological club? Who does the psychological society do for? How to do psychological associations? A series of questions come one after another. Different answers and attitudes have a direct impact on the construction of psychological associations, which may lead to various problems.
(1) Positioning of psychological associations
We know that the purpose of establishing psychological associations is to develop mental health education, improve students' mental health level, and promote their potential development and personality development. Does this mean that psychological associations are an important carrier of mental health education? Putting psychological associations in the carrier position emphasizes the instrumental value of psychological associations, which tends to obliterate their initiative and initiative. In practice, it is still a top-down mode of mental health education, and mental health teachers have absolute right to speak about it. Psychological associations have lost their independent and conscious freedom as associations and become the second classroom for mental health teachers. Such psychological associations can't recognize their own mission of popularizing mental health knowledge, rely too much on the guidance of mental health teachers, and find it difficult to learn mental health knowledge and skills independently, thus falling into a passive position. In fact, the growth of sunflower psychological society has such an experience. Mental health teachers have overstepped the authority of instructors and become leaders of psychological associations. Although they have spent a lot of time and energy to arrange various publicity work of mental health education and organize corresponding activities, their influence is confined to psychological associations. Psychological associations have not become an active radiation source, expanding their influence and dispersing their strength. As an informal organization, as a participant, it is easy for members to quit psychological community activities because of time conflicts or other reasons.
Since psychological associations are dynamic zones for members, does this mean that psychological associations are absolutely independent? Position it as a mass organization and let it develop with the interest and enthusiasm of its members? To a certain extent, the independence of psychological associations can play the main role of members and show their enthusiasm, initiative and creativity. However, in order to achieve the goal of self-help, psychological associations need professional mental health knowledge and skills training, and need the guidance and norms of mental health teachers. Otherwise, their activities are only programs for members to entertain themselves, and it is difficult for the associations themselves to be promoted vertically, which will lack internal attraction in the long run.
(II) The survival problem of psychological associations
It is an embarrassment for many psychological associations in primary and secondary schools to "create but not stand". The confidence at the beginning of the establishment is often taken away by many problems such as chaotic management, inefficient work and limited resources, which eventually leads to the silent disappearance of psychological associations. Because members voluntarily join psychological societies because of their concern and interest in mental health, they are also free to participate in community activities, and their discipline is not strong. Except for the backbone members of the community, members often come whenever they want, with few constraints. And the members come from different classes and grades, so the rules of the association are difficult for everyone, and there are often rules that cannot be followed and lack of organization. The success or failure of community construction often lies in self-management, which requires a strict management system, effective management methods and feasible activity organization measures, which is difficult for primary and secondary school students. As a mass organization, there is no clear job requirements and detailed rules of division of labor, so all departments can't finish their work in an orderly way, and the coordination between departments is improper, which leads to the low efficiency of the mass organization. In addition, activity funds and venues often restrict the behavior of psychological associations. Most of the funds of associations come from the club fees of members, and the number is very small. Therefore, they often face the situation that "a clever woman can't cook without rice". It is not that they don't want to engage in activities, but they dare not engage in activities, and they are afraid that once they engage in activities, the associations will not be able to survive. The scale of the activity is limited and the quality cannot be guaranteed. The venue is also not guaranteed. As far as our school is concerned, the campus area is small, and there are few venues for activities. We want to carry out a psychological expansion training. Sunny days are fine, so we can compete with students who play football and run on the playground. When it rains, we can only choose another date. In this way, it is necessary to re-coordinate the time. The enthusiasm for carrying out activities has also been killed by half. Over time, there will be fewer and fewer community activities.
(3) the development of psychological associations
As a fresh force in mental health education, psychological associations must have solid community strength to maintain their vigorous vitality. This kind of strength comes not only from instructors, but also from trained members. However, due to the limited number of mental health teachers in the school, members' time is tight, and the training of psychological associations is mostly composed of several lectures and group psychological activities. Even so, all members can not be guaranteed to participate in the whole process. A little knowledge training is not enough to realize the desire of "knowing yourself better, managing emotions effectively, applying what you have learned, understanding and understanding others better, establishing positive and good interpersonal relationships with others, and helping students around you get out of their spiritual predicament". Members are not enough for self-regulation, self-management, and peer psychological counseling mostly stays in shallow-level heart-to-heart chat. To form characteristic activities, it is necessary to constantly innovate the form of activities and deepen the connotation of activities. It is difficult for weak mass organizations to carry out characteristic activities. Only by organizing several activities, regardless of the quality of activities, activities are monotonous, simple and boring, and members' enthusiasm and interest in participating in activities gradually fade away, and the associations will not only fail to develop, but also shrink day by day.
second, the countermeasures for the construction of psychological associations
The purpose of defining the problems is to solve them better. Anqing No.1 Middle School Sunflower Psychological Society was established on March 2, 212. Although it was only established for more than one year, it has played a great role in mental health education in our school. The main goal of this club is to cultivate a caring and responsible student force concerned about mental health, volunteer to serve students, advocate members to help themselves and their classmates through their own learning experience on the principle of "self-help, * * * and grow together", and create a healthy and progressive class and campus atmosphere by holding colorful activities, * * * to enhance students' awareness of mental health and promote their positive optimism and happy progress. Facing the problems, the Sunflower Psychological Society of Anqing No.1 Middle School actively seeks for countermeasures. Problems can be divided into two categories, one is the question to be answered, and the other is the problem to be solved. That is, in the face of problems, one is the answer of thinking, and the other is the answer of action.
(1) Thinking strategies for the construction of psychological associations
To build psychological associations well, we must accurately locate, standardize construction, plan development and build brands. According to the regulations of our school's community management and the unique significance of psychological community, Sunflower Psychological Community is directly under the psychological potential development center, and receives the training and guidance of the school's psychological health education guidance group. It refers to the organization and management of the student union, and the management organization has one president and two vice presidents. The association consists of the Propaganda Department, Organization Department, Secretarial Department, Activity Department, Psychological Observation Department and other functional departments, which become a complete system, and at the same time, as a school association, it accepts the leadership of the Youth League Committee. As the main force of mental health education at the student level, psychological associations carry out various publicity and expansion activities relatively independently and accept the guidance of two instructors. On the one hand, the instructors from the Youth League Committee are responsible for helping and supporting them in the aspects of community management and activity organization, and the instructors from the mental health education group mainly provide guidance on mental health and supervise the activities of the community, so as to ensure that the psychological community can be independent and capable. "Normative construction" is reflected in the comprehensive and clear articles of association system at the beginning of the establishment of Sunflower Psychological Society, which not only clarifies the rights and obligations of members, but also specifies the work requirements and detailed rules of division of labor of organizational management institutions and functional departments. It not only emphasizes the management system, attendance system and reward and punishment system, but also highlights the feedback evaluation mechanism. This makes the construction and development of psychological society guaranteed by standardized system. For example, after carrying out an activity and determining the theme content and form of the activity, which department is responsible for organizing and planning, which department is responsible for venue contact and prop preparation, which department is responsible for activity promotion and follow-up reporting, which department is responsible for activity implementation and which department is responsible for safety and health. It is necessary to have a unified purpose and a clear division of powers and responsibilities, so that the team can learn the division of labor and cooperation. Where and how the psychological society will develop needs to be planned. Goals lead to action, and practical goals can stimulate the motivation of actors. The development of psychological club should not only determine the highest goal, but also determine the stage goal. Members can understand and agree with the development goal of the club, and in order to achieve the goal, members can actively carry out activities. To develop psychological associations, it is necessary to expand the attraction and influence of their activities. This requires psychological associations to have brand awareness in the planning of activities. By carrying out characteristic, high-quality and influential activities, we can not only improve the professional knowledge level of members themselves, but also promote the popularization of mental health education; It can also fully mobilize the enthusiasm of the community and enhance the attention and interest of members.
(II) A Brief Introduction to the Construction of Psychological Societies
In order to build a psychological society well, we need to do a solid and effective job according to the actual situation.
1. Select and allocate strength and train in batches. One week in October every year is a concentrated recruitment week for all the clubs in our school. Sunflower Psychological Society will recruit new members for all students this week, and promote itself by putting up posters, distributing leaflets and posting them. All students who care about mental health and volunteer to serve others can join. At the orientation (welcoming new members) meeting, the articles of association of the psychological society are explained in detail, and the key members of the psychological society introduce the functions and requirements of each department. New members choose to join each department according to their own wishes. Due to the limited number of mental health teachers and the large number of members, it is impossible to provide all members with specialized training in peer counseling skills at the same time. In this case, members of the psychological observation department give priority to training. As the first batch of trainees, becoming a member of the psychological observation department requires written examination, interview and psychological test. Once these forces are formed, they can not only provide peer counseling, but also train other members. This has accelerated the growth of psychological associations and effectively played the role of intervention and early warning for students' psychological crisis.
2. create an atmosphere and unite the team. Psychological associations take it as their responsibility to maintain and improve the mental health level of themselves and others. If they want to serve others better, they must first coordinate themselves. Strengthen the internal communication among members of the club, carry out salon activities on a regular basis, and organize targeted group counseling, so that members can understand, support, care for and respect each other in communication. Every October, the psychological society holds a thank-you meeting, and all departments express their gratitude to other departments for their work, which deepens their friendship, affirms their own value and enhances the cohesion of the team.
3. Enrich activities and expand influence. In order to expand the influence of the community, Sunflower Psychological Society holds a psychological cartoon and psychological essay contest once a year with the help of the mental health education steering group. The contest requires each class to submit at least two works, which will be graded by expert judges and awards will be set up. Recommend excellent works to journals and magazines, and display or broadcast them on campus, which is to stimulate more people to pay attention to mental health and actively participate in the mental health propaganda team. In addition to regular psychological lectures, psychological film exhibitions, psychological knowledge publicity and broadcasting, psychological quality development training, etc., Sunflower Psychological Society also communicates with psychological training teams in colleges and universities every semester, and carries out thematic activities with them to enhance their knowledge and ability. In addition, according to the plan, "5.25 Mental Health Week" will be held regularly. For example, the "Bridge in May" mental health week in 212 was based on the actual needs of students, with the theme of interpersonal communication, including a series of activities such as "signature initiative", "painting mood balloon activity", "I write a blessing wall" and "six-minute friendship meeting", which set off a healthy wave of "paying attention to mental health and communicating your heart and mine".
4. reflect and summarize, and improve the community. At the end of each activity, please ask the students who participated in the activity to evaluate the activity, and then classify and summarize the evaluation opinions and suggestions, and discuss them at the monthly regular meeting. For example, most of the time spent in club activities is after class or on weekends, so it is difficult to unify the time of students of different grades, especially high school students, who have a heavy academic burden and limited time to participate in activities. There are time conflicts when you want to participate in activities. In this case, when carrying out psychological community activities, two time points are arranged for activities with great repercussions. One is Friday arranged by the school.