1. Encouragement to learn, Xunzi, read the answers

The poster is lazy enough and doesn’t even give any questions. Could it be that we have already reached this level of tacit understanding, and there are answers without questions. . .

Original text of Encouraging Learning

The gentleman said: Learning is something you can’t do anymore. Green is taken from blue and is green from blue; ice is taken from water and is cold from water. The wood is straight and the rope is in the middle, and the frame is used as a wheel, and its curve is regular. Although it is rough and violent, it is no longer straight, and the frame is used to make it so.

Encouragement to Learn Translation

The gentleman said: Learning can never stop. Indigo is extracted from indigo grass, but it is greener than indigo grass; ice is made of water solidified, but it is colder than water. The wood is straight and conforms to the ink line. (If) it is baked and bent into a wheel, (then) the curvature of the wood (then) conforms to the standard of a circle. Even if it dries up, (the wood) will not be straight anymore.

Original text of Encouraging Learning

Therefore, if wood is supported by a rope, it will be straight, and if metal is sharpened, it will be beneficial. If a gentleman is knowledgeable and examines himself day by day, he will know how to act without making mistakes. .

Encourage learning translation

It is because it has been processed to make it like this. Therefore, wood can be straightened by measuring it with the ink line. Swords and other metal products can become sharp by grinding them on a whetstone. A gentleman studies extensively and checks and reflects on himself every day. Then he will be smart and wise, but his behavior will not be the same. Something was wrong.

Original text of Encouragement to Learn

It is not as good as what I have learned in just a moment if I think about it all day long; it is not as good as what I learned in a moment when I stoop and stare. When you climb high and move, your arms are not as long, but you can see it from a distance; when you call along the wind, the sound is not faster, but when you hear it, it is louder. A false horse can travel thousands of miles without benefiting from its feet; a false boat can run a thousand miles without benefiting from the water. A gentleman's life is not different, he is good at things and false in nature.

Go up high and see the vastness. When you climb to a high place and wave, your arms are not longer than before, but others can see you from a distance; when you call along the wind, your voice is not louder than before, but the listeners can hear you clearly. People who use cars and horses cannot walk fast, but they can travel thousands of miles; people who use boats cannot swim, but they can cross rivers. The qualifications of a gentleman are no different from those of ordinary people, (it’s just that a gentleman is good at using external things).

Original text of Encouragement to Learn

When soil accumulates, mountains are formed, and wind and rain flourish; when water accumulates, abyss is formed, and dragons are born; when good deeds are accumulated, virtue is achieved, and the gods are satisfied with themselves, and the holy heart is prepared. Therefore, if you do not accumulate steps, you cannot reach a thousand miles; if you do not accumulate small streams, you cannot reach a river or sea. A horse can't take ten steps with one leap; a horse can ride ten times, but it's hard to give up. If you persevere, the rotten wood will not be broken; if you persevere, the metal and stone can be carved.

Encouragement Translation

The accumulation of earth and rocks creates a high mountain, and wind and rain rise from here; the accumulation of water and water creates an abyss, and dragons emerge from here; the accumulation of good deeds creates a noble spirit. If you have good character, you will reach a high degree of wisdom, and you will have the spiritual realm of a saint. Therefore, without accumulating one and a half steps, there is no way to reach a thousand miles; without accumulating small flows, there is no way to form rivers and seas. A good horse can only travel less than ten steps in one leap; a bad horse can go far in a carriage for ten days. Its success lies in keeping moving. (If) it stops after a few carvings, (then) the rotten wood will continue to carve. (If) you keep carving, (then) you can carve gold and stone successfully.

Original text of Encourage to Learn

Earthworms have no sharp claws and teeth, nor strong bones and muscles. They eat earth and drink from the underworld. A crab with six knees and two pincers is not a snake and eel whose cave has nothing to rely on, so it is a sign of impatience.

Encouraging translation

Earthworms do not have sharp claws and teeth, but they have strong muscles and bones, but they can eat soil upwards and drink spring water downwards. This is because they are single-minded. ah. The crab has six legs and two big claws, (but) it has nowhere to hide if there are no caves for snakes and eels. This is because it is impetuous.

Learning without thinking will lead to indifference; thinking without learning will lead to peril." This means that if you only learn without thinking, you will be confused and gain nothing; if you only think without learning, you will be slack and gain nothing. These are two extremes in the learning process. .In high school, this sentence has always been my motto. I should really thank Mr. Kong for being admitted to college. My deskmate failed, but he worked as hard as me. It’s not that I have better luck than him, I think Just on this sentence. He is very good at asking questions, but rarely thinks independently. In fact, thinking is also a skill that needs to be learned. My deskmate must be confused. Which is more important, learning or thinking? In "Ling Gong Chapter 15", Confucius said: "I will not eat all day long and stay up all night to think, which is useless. It is better to learn." If you understand this sentence hastily, it seems that learning is more important than thinking. In fact, this is not the case. Confucius said this, and I can also say it the other way around. If I don’t eat all day long or sleep all night long, it is useless to study. It is better to think. Learning and thinking are two wheels for the advancement of knowledge, and one is indispensable. Confucius attaches great importance to learning. The importance of process review. "Reviewing the past and learning the new can become a teacher." Reviewing what you have learned and gaining new experiences can become a teacher. "With every passing day, you know what you have lost, and every month you have not forgotten what you can do." You are good at learning." Remember what you will forget every day, and do not forget what you have learned every month. You can be said to be eager to learn. In high school, the teacher once told us about the law of forgetting. What we learned in the past must be learned within 24 hours. Only by reviewing it once will it be remembered in the brain and form a long-term memory. If you read it again on the second or third day, you will remember it longer. Zengzi said: "I examine myself three times every day. Is it unfaithful to others?" Make friends but don’t believe it? Are you not used to it? "Every day, check whether you have done three things well: Are you loyal when planning for others? Are you trustworthy when interacting with friends? Have you reviewed what the teacher said? Every studious person is fighting against forgetfulness. Confucius has been doing it for decades. He imparts the methods he has explored on his way to school to his students without reservation. In terms of learning attitude, first of all, Confucius believed that "those who know are not as good as those who are good at it, and those who are good at it are not as good as those who are happy." In other words, those who know are not as good as those who are good at it. Hobby is not as good as taking pleasure in it. Interest is the best teacher. Confucius also paid attention to guiding students to cultivate interest in learning, which is worse than taking pleasure in it.

3. The content words and function words in the high school classical Chinese essay "Encouragement to Study" ~~~~~ (with annotations) O (∩

Classical Chinese is the language used by the ancients, and is no longer used in our real life .But it is the source of modern literature and still affects modern literature in various ways. Therefore, if you want to truly learn modern literature well, you must have a relatively solid foundation in classical Chinese. The older generation of writers and scholars such as Lu Xun, Mao Dun, and Qian Zhongshu , Liang Shiqiu and others all have a profound foundation in ancient prose. Their works are permeated with a strong classical flavor, and their language is concise, accurate, elegant and expressive. Mr. Lu Xun has read and studied a large number of ancient novels since he was young, which had a great influence on his later novel creation. ; Mao Dun's skill in reciting "A Dream of Red Mansions" has always been praised; Qian Zhongshu was first of all a scholar, knowledgeable in Chinese and Western studies, especially Chinese studies, and secondly a writer. The world only knows about "The Besieged City", but not "Guan Zhui Bian" Liang Shiqiu was well versed in the classics and read a lot of classics and history, which is reflected in his prose works. Not only is the language elegant and honest, and he can express it freely, but he also has the allusions at his fingertips, and his songs are wonderful. Liang's breadth of reading and dexterity in application are really impressive. So, how can we learn high school classical Chinese well? Here are several learning methods: 1. Master the basic language structure. Classical Chinese can be roughly divided into words and sentences. Among them, words include two categories: content words and function words; sentences can be divided into There are five categories: judgmental sentences, passive sentences, inverted sentences, omitted sentences, and fixed sentences. Systematically mastering the language structure of classical Chinese and clarifying its differences and connections with modern Chinese are the basis for learning classical Chinese. 2. Correct sentence segmentation. Ancient people wrote There are no punctuation marks available in the article. Therefore, how to segment sentences directly affects the understanding of the content of the article. When segmenting sentences correctly, you must pay attention to the following points: understand the key words and judge the relationship between words; understand a certain appreciation of ancient culture; master the dialogue and dialogue in the article. The rules of paraphrasing and quoting; make judgments based on the words at the beginning and end of the sentence and the idioms in the sentence. 3. Learn the correct translation method. The principles of translating classical Chinese are: be faithful to the original work, finalize every word, literal translation is the main thing, and free translation is Auxiliary. When translating, you should pay attention to the following points: supplement the omitted parts; adjust the word order; add or delete appropriately. 4. Repeat reading. As the saying goes: read a book a hundred times, and its meaning will appear by itself. Reading more can cultivate the sense of language and achieve proficiency in reading other books. The purpose of ancient works. In addition, ancient Chinese texts pay great attention to the internal rhythm and rhythm. Repeated reading can fully appreciate the musical beauty of the works and increase the interest in learning. 4. Seek (encourage learning) explanations of classical Chinese texts

The gentleman said: Learning cannot stop.

Indigo is extracted from indigo, but it is darker than indigo; ice is made of water, but it is colder than water. If it conforms to the straightened ink line and is bent into a wheel using the craftsmanship of burning, (then) the curvature of the wood (then) will conform to the standard of a circle. Even if it is dried up by the wind and sun, (the wood) will no longer be straight. It is straight because it has been processed to make it so.

Therefore, wood can be straightened by measuring it with an ink line and then processed with auxiliary tools. Swords and other metal products can be made straight by grinding them on a whetstone. Sharp, a gentleman studies extensively and examines and reflects on himself every day, then he will be smart and resourceful, and his actions will not be faulty. Therefore, if you don't climb the mountains, you don't know how high the sky is; if you don't face the deep streams, you don't know how thick the earth is; if you don't understand the teachings of the previous emperors, you don't know the breadth of knowledge.

People of Gan Yue Yi and Raccoon Dogs cry the same way when they are born, but their customs and habits are different when they grow up. This is because of education. "The Book of Songs" says: "You gentleman, don't always be greedy for ease.

Treat your duties with respect and love upright virtues. When the gods hear all this, they will give you great blessings and auspiciousness. ”

There is no greater spiritual cultivation than being influenced by morality, and no blessing is more lasting than being free from disasters. I used to think all day long, (but) not as much as I learned in a moment; I once stood on tiptoe and looked far away, (but) (but) it was not as broad as climbing to a high place to see.

When you climb to a high place and wave, your arms are not longer than before, but others can see it from a distance; when you call along the wind, your voice does not become louder, but the listeners can hear it clearly.

People who use cars and horses are not good at walking, but they can reach thousands of miles away; people who use boats and boats are not good at swimming, but they can cross the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers.

The qualifications and temperament of a gentleman are no different from those of ordinary people. (It’s just that a gentleman is good at using external things.) There is a bird called the "Mongolian dove" in the south. It makes a nest with feathers, braids the nest with hair, and ties the nest to the flower spikes of tender reeds. When the wind blows and the reed spikes break, the bird's nest falls, and the eggs are All broken.

It’s not that the nest is not well made, but that it should not be tied to the reeds. There is a kind of grass called "Shegan" in the west. It is only four inches high, but it can overlook hundreds of miles away. It is not because the grass can grow taller, but because it grows on the top of the mountain.

The fluffy grass grows in the hemp field and can stand upright without support. When the white sand is mixed into the black soil, it will no longer turn white. The root of the orchid locust tree is called fragrant mugwort. Once it is immersed in the smelly water, it will become white again. Gentlemen and servants will avoid it. It's not that moxa itself is not fragrant, but that it smells bad after being soaked in it. Therefore, a gentleman should choose a good environment to live in, and choose moral people to make friends, so that he can guard against subtle changes and maintain his moderation and integrity.

Everything happens for a reason, and honor and disgrace come in accordance with virtue. When meat rots, maggots will grow, when fish die, insects will grow. If you are lazy and neglectful and forget the principles of life, you will be in trouble.

Objects that are too hard are easy to break, objects that are too soft are easily bound, being unkind to others will cause resentment, dry firewood is flammable, low-lying areas are prone to moisture, overgrown vegetation, hordes of beasts, and all things flock together. . So when the target is set, bows and arrows will be fired, when the trees grow into a forest, they will be chopped down with axes, and when the trees are lush and shady, birds will come to stay. When vinegar becomes sour, mosquitoes will be attracted. So words may bring disaster, and actions may bring disaster. He may be humiliated, but a gentleman must be cautious in his dealings with others.

The accumulation of earth and rocks creates mountains, and wind and rain rise from here; the accumulation of water flows creates abyss, and dragons emerge from here; the accumulation of good deeds develops noble character, and the mind will naturally become clear, and you will have The spiritual realm of the saint. Therefore, without accumulating one and a half steps, there is no way to reach a thousand miles; without accumulating small flows, there is no way to form rivers and seas.

A good horse can only take ten steps with one leap; a bad horse can go far in a carriage for ten days. Its success lies in keeping moving. (If) it stops after a few carvings, (then) the rotten wood will continue to carve.

(If) you keep carving, (then) you can carve gold and stone successfully. Earthworms do not have sharp claws or teeth, but they have strong muscles and bones, but they can eat soil upwards and drink spring water downwards. This is because they are single-minded.

A crab has six legs and two claws. (But) it has nowhere to hide if there are no caves for snakes and eels. This is because it has impetuous intentions. Therefore, without the will to study hard, there will be no significant achievements in study; without the practice of hard work, there will be no great achievements in career.

Walking on the wrong road will not reach the destination, and serving two monarchs at the same time, neither party will tolerate him. The eyes cannot see two things clearly at the same time, and the ears cannot hear two sounds clearly at the same time.

The tango snake has no legs but can fly. The mole rat has five abilities but still can't do anything. "Poetry" says: "The cuckoo nests in the mulberry tree, and its young birds have seven.

Kind gentlemen, their behavior should be single-minded and not partial to evil. Their behavior should be single-minded and not partial to evil, and their will Only then will he be as strong as a rock.”

Therefore, a gentleman’s will is firm and single-minded. In ancient times, gourds were used to play the harp, and fishes in the water surfaced to listen. Bo Ya played the harp, and horses pulling carts stopped eating and raised their heads to listen.

Therefore, voices will not go unheard because they are weak, and actions will not go unnoticed because they are secretive. If the jade is buried deep in the mountains, the vegetation will be moist; if the pearl falls into the abyss, the cliffs will not dry up.

Good deeds can be accumulated. How can one accumulate good deeds and become virtuous without being widely recited? Where should learning begin and end? Answer: According to its approach, it should start from reciting classics such as "Poems" and "Books" and end with "The Book of Rites"; in terms of its meaning, it should start from being a scholar and end with becoming a saint. If you practice it sincerely and accumulate it over a long period of time, you will be able to deeply appreciate the fun.

Therefore, although the course of study has an end, the desire to make progress cannot be slackened for a moment. A lifelong love of learning makes him a human being, but on the contrary, how is he any different from an animal? The "Book of Rites" is the record of political affairs; the "Book of Songs" is the summary of the voice of the heart; the "Book of Rites" is the premise of the legal system and the general outline of various regulations. Therefore, learning the "Book of Rites" is the end and the peak of morality. .

The "Book of Rites" respects etiquette, the "Book of Music" talks about the voice of harmony, the "Book of Songs" and "Book of Records" are broad and broad, and the "Spring and Autumn" talks about great meanings. They have included all the great knowledge in the world. . A gentleman learns by listening to his ears, remembering it in his heart, and manifesting it in dignified behavior and etiquette actions.

Every action, even the smallest words and deeds, can set an example for others. 5. Read the following classical Chinese passage and answer the following questions

Subtopic 1: D

Subtopic 2: C

Subtopic 3: D

Small question 4: A

Small question 1:

Question analysis: This question essentially tests the classical Chinese language. "生" means "性", qualification, and endowment. For the key content words in the class, be sure to implement good annotations.

Question 2:

Question analysis: C and the "er" in the example sentence both indicate a turning relationship. In AB, both means a modifying relationship, and in D, it means a parallel relationship. Pay attention to the accumulation of the 18 function words that are the focus of the college entrance examination, especially the typical sentences in the textbooks.

Question 3:

Analysis of the test question: Xing means rising, it is not a fixed structure, it is not used...method, sustenance, ancient and modern synonyms, support, anchorage, Impetuous, impetuous. For the key content words in the class, be sure to implement good annotations.

Question 4:

Question analysis: Xun Kuang was a native of Zhao in the late Warring States period. When answering such questions, you must read carefully, go back to the original text and compare sentence by sentence, and read calmly. 6. Encouraging learning, compilation of classical Chinese knowledge

lt;; Encouraging learning, gt;

Original text:

The gentleman said: Learning is something that cannot be done. Green is taken from blue and is green from blue; ice is taken from water and is cold from water. The wood is straight and the rope is in the middle, and the frame is used as a wheel. Its curve is regular. Although it is rough and violent, if it is no longer straight, the frame makes it so. Therefore, when wood is supported by a rope, it will be straight, and when metal is sharpened, it will be beneficial. A gentleman who is knowledgeable and examines himself day by day will know how to act without making mistakes.

I think about it all day long, but it is not as good as what I learned in a moment. It is better for me to stand on my knees and look forward, than to get a better view by climbing high. When you climb high and make moves, your arms are not lengthened, but the sight is far away; when you call along the wind, the sound is not faster, but the sound is louder. A false horse can travel thousands of miles without benefiting from its feet; a false boat can run a thousand miles without benefiting from the water. A gentleman's life is not different, he is good at things and false in nature.

When soil forms a mountain, wind and rain stir up it; when water accumulates, it forms a abyss, and dragons emerge; when good deeds accumulate, virtue becomes, and the gods are satisfied with themselves, and the holy heart is prepared. Therefore, if you don't accumulate steps, you won't be able to reach a thousand miles; if you don't accumulate small streams, you won't be able to become a river or sea. A horse can't take ten steps with one leap; a horse can ride ten times, but it's hard to give up. If you persevere, the rotten wood will not be broken; if you persevere, the metal and stone can be carved. The chariot has no sharp claws and teeth, nor strong muscles and bones. It eats earth and drinks from the underworld. It has the same intention. The eight crabs are kneeling with two claws, which is not the cave of a snake. If there is nothing to rely on, it means you are impatient.

Translation:

The gentleman said: Learning can never stop. Indigo is extracted from indigo grass, but it is greener than indigo grass; ice is made of water solidified, but it is colder than water. The wood is straight and conforms to the ink line. (If) it is baked and bent into a wheel, (then) the curvature of the wood (then) conforms to the standard of a circle. Even if it is dry, (the wood) will not be straight again, because it has been Process it to make it look like this. Therefore, wood can be straightened by measuring it with the ink line. Swords and other metal products can become sharp by grinding them on a whetstone. A gentleman studies extensively and checks and reflects on himself every day. Then he will be smart and wise, but his behavior will not be the same. I was at fault.

I used to think all day long, (but) not as much as I learned in a moment; I once stood on tiptoe and looked far away, (but) (but) it was not as broad as climbing to a high place. .

When you climb to a high place and wave, your arms are not longer than before, but others can see you from a distance; when you call along the wind, your voice is not louder than before, but the listeners can hear you clearly. People who use cars and horses cannot walk fast, but they can travel thousands of miles; people who use boats cannot swim, but they can cross rivers. The nature of a gentleman is no different from that of ordinary people, except that he is good at using external things.

Pile up earth and rocks to form a high mountain, and wind and rain will rise from here; accumulate water and form an abyss, and dragons will emerge from here; accumulate good deeds and develop noble character, then you will reach a high degree of wisdom. It also has the spiritual realm of a saint. Therefore, without accumulating one and a half steps, there is no way to reach a thousand miles; without accumulating small flows, there is no way to form rivers and seas. A good horse can only travel less than ten steps in one leap; a bad horse can go far in a carriage for ten days. Its success lies in keeping moving. (If) it stops after a few carvings, (then) the rotten wood will continue to carve. (If) you keep carving, (then) you can carve gold and stone successfully. Earthworms don't have sharp claws or teeth, but they have strong muscles and bones, but they can eat soil upwards and drink spring water from downwards. This is because they are single-minded. The crab has eight legs and two big claws. (But) it has nowhere to hide if there are no caves for snakes and snakes. This is because it is impetuous.