First, text understanding
1. "Mr. Fujino" is a reminiscence essay written by Mr. Lu Xun, which is included in "Flowers in the Morning".
Lu Xun (1881.9.25—1936.10.19), formerly known as Zhou Zhangshou (later renamed Zhou Shuren), was named Yushan, and later changed to Yucai. When the first vernacular novel Diary of a Madman was published (1965438+May 2008), it was written under the pseudonym "Lu Xun". He is a great proletarian writer, thinker and revolutionary in modern China.
This retrospective essay expresses the author's sincere memory of Mr. Fujino and praises his noble qualities of integrity, enthusiasm, rigorous scholarship and no narrow national prejudice. The author traces the change of his thought of abandoning medicine and joining literature, and is full of strong patriotic feelings. This article narrates according to the passage of time, the shift of place and the sequence of events. The article takes the communication between the author and Mr. Fujino as the narrative clue, and there is also an internal hidden line, which is the change of the author's thoughts and feelings. In this paper, four things are written in detail, which show the noble quality of Mr. Fujino from different aspects.
(1) took the initiative to care about the study of "I" and carefully revised the speech for "I", which showed Mr. Fujino's serious and responsible spirit from beginning to end.
(2) Correcting the anatomical map for "I" embodies Mr. Fujino's strict requirements and persuasive guidance to students.
(3) Caring about anatomical practice shows that Mr. Fujino has always cared about and remembered the research of "I", which is both enthusiastic and sincere.
(4) Learning from "I" about China women's foot-binding shows his interest in bone science and realistic spirit. There is also a line drawing technique to outline the characteristics of the characters.
The author of My Mother is a scholar Hu Shi. The article is selected from Autobiography of Hu Shi. Hu Shi is a famous scholar, poet, historian, writer and philosopher in modern times. This article describes how I grew up from childhood to adolescence under the strict requirements and deep love of my mother. It shows the mother's deep love and excellent character for her son, and expresses the author's memory and love for her. From the full text, the article wrote three things about my mother: first, discipline me; The second is how to deal with the difficulties and contradictions in the family as a stepmother; The third is how to treat others' insults to their own personality. Write mother as stepmother, mainly wrote three things:
(1) How to deal with the creditor of the black sheep big brother on New Year's Eve shows the tolerance and kindness of the mother;
(2) How to get along with eldest sister-in-law and second sister-in-law, and how to treat the contradiction between them. This incident shows my mother's tolerant and gentle character.
(3) I was angry when I wrote that my mother was insulted by personality, and I didn't stop until I apologized to my fifth uncle for making amends. This incident shows the mother's "just angry" side. Therefore, as far as being a person is concerned, a mother has excellent qualities of self-denial, tolerance, kindness, harmony and kindness.
3. "My First Book" is selected from Han Niu's "Students of Cultural Celebrities" (Part II). The article begins with a visit by a poet, which naturally leads to the topic. It not only points out that "my first book" refers to the Chinese textbook of the first grade of primary school, but also explains the weight of this first book in my life. The first lesson in life includes the hardships of life, the warmth of the world, the friendship of classmates and the fun of going to school. "My first book" is also the narrative clue of this article.
4. "Leo? Tolstoy is an excerpt from Three Writers, written by the famous Austrian novelist and biographer Zweig. Is this article a painting of Leo? In Tolstoy's Portrait, the author not only shows us Tolstoy's unique appearance characteristics, but also reveals Tolstoy's profound spiritual world. Between the lines is full of the author's infinite reverence and praise. The unique artistic expression of the article mainly has two aspects: first, the author writes the mediocre and rough side of the great man in his heart, and second, he uses metaphors and exaggerated rhetoric extensively.
5. "Rebuilding Life" is an excerpt from "If you give me three days of light", by Helen? Keller, an American woman writer, was blind and deaf because of illness since childhood. This paper describes Sullivan's superb educational art, and also shows the author's thirst for knowledge and hard and happy life experience. "Reshaping life" literally means "Reshaping life and regaining life". But in this article, reshaping life means "the light of love shines on me". It turned out, "I am in that silent and dark world, without tenderness and sympathy." However, under the education of teacher Sullivan, my soul was awakened, and I once again had "light, hope, happiness and freedom".
6. Snow is selected from Lu Xun's prose poetry collection Weeds. The author's thoughts and feelings are expressed by praising the snow in the north. Although the beauty of peace and tranquility like the snow in Jiangnan can make people like it, the higher beauty should dare to face the bleak life like the snow in the north and be sublimated in the fierce battle.
7. Lei Song is selected from Guo Moruo's historical drama Qu Yuan. This historical drama was written by Comrade Guo Moruo in Chongqing in 1942. By satirizing the present, it exposed the dark reality under the Kuomintang rule, attacked Chiang Kai-shek's reactionary rule, and conveyed the true will of the people against the Kuomintang dictatorship. The text "Ode to Thunder and Electricity" is the monologue of Qu Yuan in the second scene of the fifth act. Only this one, one is the expectation and praise of wind, thunder and electricity, and the other is the desire and pursuit of light.
8. The "day" and "month" in the two short essays are selected from the prose collection "Dragon? Tiger? The dog written by Ba Jin, formerly known as Li Yaotang, was born in Chengdu, Sichuan. Famous modern and contemporary writers. The pseudonym "Ba Jin" was first used when the first novel "Death" was published. His main works are Riptide Trilogy (Home, Spring and Autumn) and Love Trilogy (Fog, Rain and Electricity). Through two examples of "moths to the fire" and "praising their fathers every day", Sun praised their heroic dedication to the pursuit of light and heat, and expressed their determination to die rather than surrender and drag out an ignoble existence in the cold and loneliness. Through "I", Sun described the coldness and lifelessness of the real world and praised Heng E's contribution to changing the status quo.
9. Haiyan is a famous prose poem, written by Gorky, a Russian writer, "the greatest representative of proletarian art" (in Lenin), the founder of socialist realistic literature and the mentor of proletarian revolutionary literature. His major works include the autobiographical trilogy Childhood, On Earth, My University, Mother and the play Little Citizen. Haiyan is the ending part of Gorky's Fantasia and Melody in Spring written in March of 190 1 year. The original title is Song of Haiyan. The full text depicts the brave and happy image of Haiyan when the storm comes, which profoundly reflects the rapidly developing revolutionary situation on the eve of the Russian revolution 1905, enthusiastically praises the brave fighting spirit of Russian proletarian revolutionary pioneers and is an ode to proletarian fighting. Haiyan symbolizes the image of a pioneer of proletarian revolution who is brave, strong, optimistic, confident and full of dedication. "Seagull, sea duck, penguin" symbolizes all kinds of selfish and cowardly pseudo-revolutionaries and non-revolutionaries; "Dark clouds and strong winds" symbolize counter-revolutionary forces.
10, Song of Waves and Song of Rain are selected from Tears and Laughter by Lebanese poet and painter Ji Bolun. He is the author of prose poetry anthology Tears and Laughter, Prophet, Sand and Foam, etc. The song group * * * includes five prose poems, namely Song of Waves, Song of Rain, Song of Beauty, Song of Flowers and Song of Happiness. Song of the Waves describes the love of the waves for the coast and the friendliness of the surrounding things in a self-narrative style, which shows the author's praise for pure love and fraternity, and also expresses his loyalty to the motherland and his ardent heartfelt feelings with twists and turns. Song of Rain describes the movement and change process of raindrops in nature by anthropomorphic means and in the form of rain's self-report, and praises the benefits raindrops bring to nature and their selfless dedication. It shows the beauty of life, expresses the poet's passion for life, and contains the spirit that the author loves his motherland and is willing to devote his life to it.
1 1 Fear of Nature is an argumentative essay selected from Yan Chunyou's Wisdom of Nature. The full text adopts the discussion method of advancing layer by layer and following the course. This paper begins with denying the slogan of "conquering nature", uses the method of combining generalization with concrete expansion, skillfully uses the comparison method, makes the argument full, and finally draws the conclusion of "fearing nature" Tell human beings that they should fundamentally change their ideas, stop claiming to "conquer nature" and respect and care for nature, because human beings are "just an ordinary part of nature" and are brothers with other things in nature.
12, Lop Nur, the disappearing Fairy Lake, from Be Kind to Home-Geological Disasters in China, written by Wu Gang. This article is reportage. By comparing Lop Nur with the past, it is revealed that Lop Nur disappeared from a beautiful lake, which is a tragedy that the ecological environment was destroyed by human beings. Infiltrate the concepts of ecological awareness, environmental awareness and sustainable development awareness into the text, alert the world with strong voices, establish the environmental awareness of the whole people, and do a good job in ecological protection.
13. Wei, the author of the mystery of lemmings, is a very unique scientific paper. This paper introduces scientific knowledge through narrative framework and dialogue. This paper introduces the three mysteries of the Arctic lemmings from three aspects, that is, the reproductive ability is amazing, which is the highest in the animal kingdom; Lemmings don't breed like this every year. Once they breed too much, they will have all kinds of strange suicidal behaviors, or stop eating, or take the initiative to provoke in front of natural enemies, or change their coat color to attract natural enemies; The great migration of death, millions of lemmings merged into a mighty team, rushed to the sea and died in the sea. The strange behavior of lemmings gives us a revelation: human beings should not breed unrestrained.
14, "The Return of the Wild Goose" is an excerpt from Sha Xiang Yearbook (a collection of essays on nature and philosophy, known as "the sacred book of the American resource conservation movement"), written by Leopold, a famous American environmentalist. This paper introduces the characteristics and laws of geese migration and its relationship with human beings by anthropomorphic method, and holds that geese are human partners, and animals make the temple fair ball full of vitality, poetry and fun. Humans should love harmless animals and live in harmony, and should not harm them by virtue of their own advantages. The word "love" runs through the whole text. Obviously, "protecting wild animals and cherishing wild animals" is the theme of this paper. In writing, the perfect combination of image, knowledge and lyricism is a major feature of this paper.
15, "Hello-Come Out" is selected from "Uninvited Guests-Selected Short Stories of hoshi shinichi" by hoshi shinichi, a Japanese modern science fiction writer who is famous for his mini-novels. The greatest feature of his works is ingenious conception. This article is a science fiction novel with the theme of environmental pollution. It tells the story that a typhoon blew down an ancient temple and a bottomless pit was exposed at the bottom of the temple. After studying this hole, it became a place for people to fill garbage. Finally, one day, the things inside flew out again. This novel reveals the relationship between man and the natural environment and warns the world to face up to environmental problems. The title of the novel is full of suspense, originally a young man's cry, but it also contains the team's shallow ignorance of nature. It ends with a small stone flying. This circular structure is thought-provoking and thought-provoking.
16, Song of Yunnan is an interesting essay. Author Shen Congwen, a native of Fenghuang, Hunan, is a modern writer and a researcher of historical relics. This paper describes the singing scenes of three occasions, each with its own emphasis and different contents and techniques. The first part is Shan Ye's duet, mainly about singers; The second part is about mountain songs, mainly about singing environment; The third part is about country songs, mainly about singing scenes. Between the lines is full of taste and appreciation of nature, people and art. The beauty of life, the beauty of life gurgled out in the lyrical style of the author.
17, written by Wang Zengqi, a native of Gaoyou, Jiangsu Province. Structurally, according to the framework of "Dragon Boat Festival custom-hometown duck eggs-eating duck eggs during the Dragon Boat Festival", the article first describes the atmosphere of the Dragon Boat Festival, and then describes the reputation and characteristics of hometown duck eggs by talking about duck eggs. Finally, it involves the topic of "duck eggs in Dragon Boat Festival", with the focus on "duck eggs and collaterals". We can find interest and poetry in plain life, taste the taste of life in a small duck egg, and show our nostalgia for childhood and love for our hometown between leisure and tranquility.
18 "Scream" is selected from "Miscellanies of Beijing City" by writer, journalist and translator Xiao Gan. With simple and vivid humor, this paper introduces a moving scene in the old Beijing market-shouting, which is introduced from morning till night and all the year round. In the slow reminiscence tone, joy and nostalgia are revealed, and people can appreciate the rich interest contained in life.
19, "Spring Wine" by Qi Jun, a female writer in Taiwan Province. When writing about "Spring Festival", "Eating Spring Wine" and "Drinking for a while", the article shows the deep beauty of human feelings, folk customs and homesickness with my innocence, kindness and ability of my mother and simplicity and kindness of my fellow villagers. Clever conception and vivid language.
Strangers on Earth is a series of novels by Feng Jicai describing the life of Tianjin citizens and small producers in the early 20th century. This paper extracts "Masons Zhang" and "Good Mouth Sheep Ba". "Clay Fighter Zhang" shows his composure and ability by depicting clay figurine Zhang and Hai Zhangwu, and he can remain calm in the face of Hai Zhangwu's humiliation. In the two rounds of struggle, he was good at attacking the enemy from the rear, and in a unique way, he attacked the enemy with one move. In "Yang Ba with a Good Mouth", Yang Qi, who has wonderful creativity and exquisite craftsmanship in snack making, is described. Yang Ba, who can improvise and be calm. The written language is simple, with strong Tianjin flavor and vivid humor.
Second, the knowledge of ancient Chinese prose
2 1. "Thinking with Zhu" is selected from the Selected Works of Wu Yun, a writer in the Southern Dynasties. This is a landscape sketch, and the author painted a natural picture full of vitality with concise and meaningful pen and ink. The article first describes the strange and beautiful scenery of Fuchun River. Then turn to the different descriptions of mountains and water. Touching the scene naturally reveals contempt for those who pursue wealth, and implicitly conveys the noble interest of loving beautiful nature and retiring from the world. In writing, the style of parallel prose is adopted, and the whole article is mainly composed of even sentences, paying attention to antithesis and melody.
22. The Biography of Mr. Wuliu is selected from the Collection of Tao Yuanming, a famous pastoral poet in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. This article is a biography written by the author Mr. Wu Liu, but it is actually an autobiography. The full text created a hermit image independent of the secular from the aspects of ideological character, hobbies and living conditions, and praised his peaceful and happy spirit. The writing of the article has outstanding characteristics, that is, negative sentences are often used, the language is concise and clear, the content seems dull, but in fact it is profound.
23. Ma Shuo is selected from Selected Works of Han Yu, a writer in the Tang Dynasty. In this paper, the writing method of supporting morality is used, which means that it is difficult for talented people to meet the wise Lord of SHEN WOO with a swift horse. The author hopes that the rulers can identify and reuse talents so that they can give full play to their talents. It reposes the author's sense of resentment and poverty caused by the lack of talents, satirizes, criticizes and accuses the rulers of burying and destroying talents. A horse of a thousand miles contains talent; Boleyu can find people who appreciate and appoint talents; A shallow and stupid ruler who doesn't know, destroy and bury talents.
24. Preface to Dongyang is an excerpt from Song Anthology written by Song Lian, a writer in the early Ming Dynasty. This article is the author's farewell speech to fellow villagers. In the article, the author tells about his difficulties and hard experiences when he was young. Encourage young people to study hard and become people with both ability and political integrity.
25. Among the five poems, Liu Yuxi in the Tang Dynasty wrote "Yangzhou will enjoy lotte at the first time". This seven-rhythm poem expresses the poet's optimistic attitude and enterprising spirit towards life by writing his own bumpy experiences and infinite feelings.
The author of Red Cliff is Du Mu in Tang Dynasty. This four-line poem borrows the historical story of Battle of Red Cliffs, and shows the anguish and injustice of the poet and the protagonist.
The author of Zero Crossing and Ding Yang is Wen Tianxiang of Southern Song Dynasty. This seven-character poem shows the poet's pain of worrying about the country and his lofty ambition of devoting himself to justice and dying for the country.
Su Shi, the author of Water Melody, was a writer in the Song Dynasty. This word expresses the poet's feelings of missing his brothers and sisters, feeling depressed and melancholy, but ends with optimistic and open-minded feelings.
"Alpine sheep? Zhang, a writer of Sanqu in Yuan Dynasty, is the author of Tongguan Nostalgia. This song shows the author's concern for people's sufferings and the thoughts and feelings of the country and the people.
26. The Story of Xiaoshitang is selected from Liuhe Dongji by Liu Zongyuan, a writer in the Tang Dynasty, and is one of the "Eight Masters in Tang and Song Dynasties". This article is the fourth of Eight Records of Yongzhou written by Liu Zongyuan after he was relegated to Yongzhou. The original title is "West of the Hill, Little Stone Pond". The article first writes about the scenery you see, then describes the swimming fish and pools with close-ups, then writes about the scenery on the pool and your own feelings, and writes about the deep and cold scenery and atmosphere around Xiaoshitang. In his scenery writing, he conveyed his lonely and sad mood in his relegated life, which is a masterpiece of scene blending.
27. The Story of Yueyang Tower is selected from Fan Wenzheng Gongji written by Fan Zhongyan, a politician, strategist and writer in the Northern Song Dynasty. This article is written for the rebuilt Yueyang Tower at the invitation of a friend. In the name of "self", the author uses the topic to express his broad-minded mind of "not being happy with things, not being sad about himself" and his political ambition of "worrying about the world first, and enjoying the world later", and implicitly expresses his advice to his friend Teng. The full text is rich in content and emotion, and naturally combines narrative, scenery writing, discussion and lyricism, which not only explains the whole story, but also describes the scenery of the lake. There are both profound discussions by Jingjing and melancholy lyricism. Sentences are mainly single-line scattered sentences with parallel short sentences in the middle, which are fluent and concise. Write landscape parallel prose, colorful words, harmonious rhyme; Lyric prose is full of cadence and variety. In this way, the combination of parallel prose and prose is beautiful in both literary talent and quality, and has a strong artistic appeal.
28. Zuiweng Pavilion is selected from Selected Essays of Ouyang Xiu, whose real name is Yongshu, whose real name is Zuiweng. In his later years, he was also named Liu Yiju, a writer in the Song Dynasty and one of the eight masters in the Tang and Song Dynasties. This is a beautiful landscape travel note, written in Ouyang Xiu's second year in Chuzhou, which shows the author's broad-minded feelings of being happy and happy. The author's "joy" can be summarized into three aspects: first, "the joy of mountains and rivers"; The second is "the joy of feasting"; The third is "happy joy". The combination of parallelism and prose in sentence patterns makes the article have both poetic artistic conception and aesthetic feeling of prose.
29. Man Jing's Travels is selected from Yuan Zhonglang's notes. The author Yuan Hongdao, whose real name is Zhong Lang, is a writer Shi Gong in Ming Dynasty. His brother Yuan Zongdao and his brother Yuan Zhongdao both have literary achievements, so they are called "Three Courts for Case-solving". In their view, literature should "express its own spirit and not stick to any model". This article is a fresh sketch of landscape writing, which vividly reproduces the happy mood of a "city dweller" who has been "shut up" for a winter and is now returning to nature or coming out.
30. "Drinking" in five poems was written by Tao Yuanming. This is a five-character ancient poem. The poet lived in seclusion in the country at leisure. Through the description of the scenery in front of him, he explained the philosophy of "being far away from himself" and expressed the author's quiet mood and rich spiritual life in seeking fun from natural scenery.
Li Bai, the author of It's Hard to Go to Heaven, describes the hardships of the world in his poems, reflecting the poet's strong depression, depression and injustice after political setbacks. At the same time, it shows the poet's stubbornness, self-confidence and persistent pursuit of ideals, and shows the poet's powerful spiritual strength in trying to get rid of depression.
Du Fu, the author of Autumn Wind Breaking the Cottage, described the scene that the autumn wind broke the house and the night was wet, which showed the author's feelings of worrying about the country and the people.
The author of "Bai Xuege Farewell to Tian Shuji Wu's Homecoming" wrote the strange cold of the snow in the northwest border in the form of songs, expressing the deep friendship of seeing off guests in the snow and the disappointment of friends returning to Beijing.
Gong Zizhen, the author of Ji Hai's Miscellaneous Poems, expressed the poet's complicated feelings when he resigned from his post and left Beijing, and showed the poet's unswerving strong character and feelings of serving the country.
Third, the ancient poetry dictation:
1. In Wen Tianxiang's poem Crossing the Ding Yanghe River, he used metaphors to express the peril of the Song Dynasty and the ups and downs of his personal life: the mountains and rivers were broken, the wind drifted, and his life was beaten by rain.
2. "Enjoy Lotte and Meet Yangzhou at the First Dinner" reveals that new things will replace old things.
On one side of the boat, Qian Fan races; At the head of the sick tree, every year is a spring shower.
3. "Alpine sheep? Zhang's "Regret for the Past" reveals the opposition between feudal rule and the people with incisive arguments:
Xing, the people are not living, and the people are not living.
4. Wen Tianxiang, a national hero, once said that it is in the same strain as Mencius' spirit of "giving up one's life for righteousness". This famous saying is:
Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a heart that shines through history.
5. Su Shi looked at the bright moon in the mink head and wished his brother peace. Now people often use this sentence to bless their relatives and friends: I wish people a long time, thousands of miles away.
6. The article "Ma Shuo" reveals the reason why Maxima was buried:
People who eat horses don't know that they can travel thousands of miles and still eat.
7. The poem "Crossing Zero and Ding Yang" shows that the author's famous sentence is:
Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a heart that shines through history.
8. "Alpine sheep? Tongguan Nostalgia summarizes the essence of feudal society and expresses deep sympathy for working people and strong condemnation of feudal rulers.
Xing, the people are not living, and the people are not living.
9. Tao Yuanming expressed his unique view on reading in Biography of Mr. Wuliu:
Be good at reading, not seeking to know more.
10, "Red Cliff" reflects the great influence of Er Qiao's fate in Battle of Red Cliffs's poem is:
Dongfeng does not cooperate with Zhou Lang, and Tongque spring locks Er Qiao.
1 1, the two sentences that best reflect Wen Tianxiang's crossing zero-sum and Ding Yang's lofty national integrity are:
Since ancient times, no one has died in life, leaving a heart that shines through history.
12, "Alpine sheep? In Tongguan Nostalgia, the author summarizes and evaluates the past history with the following poems:
Xing, the people suffer; Death makes people suffer.
13, "Shuidiao Tou" expresses the wish to enjoy the beautiful scenery of the world with relatives * * * as follows:
I hope people will live for a long time and have a good scenery thousands of miles away.
14. The static sentence of swimming fish in Xiaoshitang story is: the shadow is on the stone, but it does not move;
The sentences describing the dynamics of fish swimming are as follows: You are far away, and communication is sudden;
The sentences describing the sad feelings when playing are: sad and cold, quiet;
And "the water in the court is empty, the algae and grass in the water are interlaced, and the bamboo and cypress are hidden."
There is a saying that has the same effect: there are hundreds of fish in the pond, and they are all swimming in the air. In the sun, the shadow is on the stone, but it does not move; You are far away, and communication is sudden.
15. There are many well-known idioms in The Story of Yueyang Tower: what describes the country and the people is political integrity and harmony; What describes the vigorous development of architecture is that all waste is booming; Describe the scenery in various ways, and what is very spectacular is the myriad weather; What describes the huge water potential is: Hao Hao Tang Tang; Describe an open-minded and cheerful spirit as: relaxed and happy; The sentences describing the broad mind of "ancient benevolent people" are: not happy with things, not sad for yourself;
From the broad mind and noble morality of "ancient benevolent people", the conclusion is: living in a temple worries about the people, while living far away in rivers and lakes worries about the monarch;
The sentence that expresses the author's political ambition is: worry about the world first, and then enjoy the world.
Sha Ou got together and swam in the brocade scales.
16, the crowning touch in the drunken pavilion is: people are too defensive to swim, and they are happy, but they don't know the joy of being too defensive; The sentence that expresses "the joy of satrap" is: drunkenness can be fun, and people who wake up can tell stories in words;
The sentence that explains "what you say here must be done" is: the meaning of drunkenness is not in wine, but also between mountains and rivers;
Unify "drunkenness" and "happiness" and point out that the sentence in the whole text is: drunkenness can make fun.
17, "Man Jing's Travels" in the metaphor of clear and bright spring water, water waves flashing and glowing sentence is:
The crystal is like a new mirror, and the cold light first comes out of the box;
The sentence to write your own happy mood is: if you get rid of the cage;
A sentence that always writes about spring scenery is: high willows are sandwiched by dikes, and the soil paste is slightly moist, and at first glance it is empty;
There is a very philosophical sentence in the article: I know that there is no spring outside the suburbs, but people in the city don't know it.
18 years, in Li Bai's poem "It's hard to walk", the famous sentence expressing the author's lofty aspirations is:
One day, I will ride the wind and waves, raise the Yun Fan and cross the sea.
19, the frontier poet in the Tang Dynasty has a famous sentence about pear blossom snow in "Bai Xuege Farewell Tian Shuji Wu Returning to his hometown":
Just like the strong wind in spring, it blows at night and blows open the petals of ten thousand pear trees;
The last two poems express the poet's infinite melancholy caused by his friend's departure to the extreme. These two poems are: then he disappeared at the corner of the pass, leaving only hoofprint.
20. Gong Zizhen's poem "Poems in the Sea" is a poem with fallen flowers as a metaphor to express his heart:
Falling in love is not heartless, but using spring mud to protect flowers.
2 1, "Drinking" (the fifth part) shows that the poet is leisurely and secluded:
Picking chrysanthemums under the east fence, you can see Nanshan leisurely.
22. Du Fu, who lives in a leaky hut, still has feelings of worrying about the country and the people. In "The Hut is Broken by Autumn Wind", he issued such a cry: "There are thousands of spacious buildings, and the poor people in the world are happy."
Fourth, stylistic knowledge (including ancient times)
1, Prose Poetry: Prose Poetry is a literary genre with both prose and poetry characteristics. It combines some characteristics of expressive poetry and descriptive prose. It belongs to poetry in essence, with poetic emotion and fantasy, giving readers aesthetic feeling and imagination, but retaining poetic prose details in content; There is prose in form, unlike poetry, but there is no lack of inherent musical beauty and rhythm. It can be said that it is a poem written in prose
2. Parallel prose: Parallel prose is a style between poetry and prose, also known as "parallel prose", "parallel prose" or "parallel prose"; Because it is commonly used in four words and six sentences, it is also called "Liu Siwen" or "Parallel Four Wives and Six". The whole article is mainly composed of two sentences (even sentences, even sentences), paying attention to the neatness of the antithesis and the loud melody.
3. Foreword: It is a style, and there are two kinds. One is the preface, and the other is the preface of the book. The latter is usually written in front of a book or anthology, mostly introducing the content and characteristics of the book, the process of writing this book, the purpose of writing this book and so on. Some are similar to expository writing, some are similar to narrative writing, some are like expository writing, and some are in the same style as prose, mostly written for poetry collections. Preface: In ancient times, poems were often given to each other in farewell, and the words sent were called preface. The prefaces of gifts are mostly words of praise or encouragement, such as Song Lian's Preface to Send Ma Sheng to Yang.
4. Inscription: ancient words carved on objects to warn themselves or describe merit are called "inscriptions". Inscriptions carved on the cards and placed on the right side of the case for self-warning are called "mottos", such as Liu Yuxi's "Inscription in a humble room".
5. Books: that is, letters. The letters of the ancients were also called "Xin" or "Xin". They are an applied style. They record many things and express their feelings. China's lyric prose in ancient times began with letters.
6. Say: an ancient discussion genre used to state the author's views on some issues in society; The style of writing is very flexible, and it can be described and discussed, all to illustrate a truth; Pay attention to literary talent, which is roughly the same as the current essays.
7. Note: "Notes" is an ancient style, mainly to record things. It often expresses the author's feelings or opinions by taking notes, taking notes, writing scenes and remembering people, that is, expressing feelings with things and expressing ambitions with things.
8. Biography: mainly refers to articles that record and describe the life stories of characters. In addition, articles that specifically explain scriptures are also called biographies.
Biography is divided into: this biography is the official biography of someone's life story, which is equivalent to someone's history. Biography is a biography that records someone's anecdotes, as opposed to this biography. Spread someone's biography outside the official record. Biography that records someone's anecdotes, describes some articles related to immortals and ghosts, and also explains classics. A biography written by oneself to record one's own events. Biography is an article that describes the life stories of more than two people. True stories are mostly used to describe the novel names of characters, led by Lu Xun's The True Story of Ah Q.