Located on the southeast coast of Australia, Sydney is the largest city in Australia and the capital of New South Wales. It is the economic, financial, shipping and tourism center of Australia. It is the largest city in the southern hemisphere, an important port and a world-famous international metropolis. This is the first European colony established in Australia. It was established in Sydney Bay in 1788 by arthur phillip, captain of the British First Fleet. It was the first place to receive exiled criminals. Later, with the influx of immigrants during the Australian Gold Rush, Sydney gradually became the most important city in the southern hemisphere. Sydney is built around Jackson Harbor (including Sydney Harbor) and has become a world-famous seaport city since the 20th century.